Listening to BBC. Учебное пособие по аудированию для студентов неязыковых факультетов

News Review: Could your smartphone be hacked?

Consider adding a second line to your mobile phone. Google Voice is an excellent way to shield your phone number from online miscreants, as are apps like Sideline, Line2, and Hushed, which facilitate adding a second line to your mobile phone.

5. Don’t overshare on social media

While it’s fine to use your real name on social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter, avoid sharing a ton of revealing information about yourself on social networks. Avoid listing home towns, specific addresses, specific work locations, phone numbers, family names, and other details hackers can use to track you. Get rid of old, outdated information that may reveal more about you than you’d like. Better still, use Facebook on your home computer, as opposed to accessing it on your phone, if you can.

6. Travel light

Don’t store personal information, documents, or files on your phone, and limit the number of geotagged photos in your Camera Roll.

7. Use two-factor authentication

Like passwords, it serves a purpose by providing an extra layer of protection in case someone gets hold of your password.

8. Use strong passwords

Use only strong passwords that are not easily cracked by hackers. They should contain 16–20 characters with a mix of letters and numbers, upper and lowercase letters, and symbols. There are plenty of secure password generators online, so you don’t have to think them up for yourself. Change your passwords every six months to a year, or as soon as you hear about a data breach of any program you use. Do not answer security questions honestly, and change your answers for different setups. You can use a password style answer for such questions comprised of letters and numbers.

9. Beware of spam and phishing emails

One of the easiest ways for hackers to invade your phone and access your information is through your email inbox. Phishing scams are designed to trick you into handing over access to your accounts. Avoid clicking on links in promotional emails, opening suspicious attachments, or running app updates prompted through email. Do not try to access financial accounts through random emails, but instead, go directly to the financial institution website and sign in with a proper username and password.

10. Use built-in device protections

They’re not called “smartphones” for nothing. If your phone gets lost or stolen, you can contain the damage using device tracking services, such as

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Find My iPhone and Android’s Find My Device, that can locate your missing phone on a map and, in some cases, automatically erase it. These services can also make your phone ring to help you locate a device you have temporarily misplaced. You can also arrange for the phone to delete all information after a set number of incorrect passcode tries.

11. Use an antivirus app

Hackers favour malware to steal passwords and account information. But you can combat that with a smartphone antivirus app — some of which are offshoots of popular desktop apps like Avast, McAfee, and Panda. The smartphone app variations provide enhanced security by ensuring apps, PDFs, images, and other files you download aren’t infected with malware before you open them.

12. Manage app permissions

Check the apps on your phone to determine whether they have more privileges than they need. You can grant or deny permissions like access to the camera, microphone, your contacts, or your location. Keep track of which permissions you gave to your apps, and revoke permissions that are not needed.

13. Back up

We have a guide on how to back up your Android smartphone and also how to back up your iPhone. At least that way, if your phone is lost or wiped, you can still access those precious photos or files. If your iPhone is backed up, you can program it to automatically wipe after 10 consecutive unsuccessful passcode tries.

14. Know where your apps come from

Don’t just download any old app to your phone. Never download apps via text message, as that is an infamous method hackers use to inject malware directly into your phone.

15. Steer clear of public chargers

Only charge your phone on trusted USB ports like your computer and in your car. Criminals can hack public USB charging ports, like the ones you’d encounter in a coffee shop or airport, to steal personal information. Bring your outlet adapter along in addition to your USB cable if you’re travelling. Hackers can’t access your phone data through your USB adapter.

16. Don’t jailbreak

While jailbreaking lets iPhone owners access apps and software not available in Apple’s App Store (a real no-no in Apple Land), it also exposes your phone to viruses and malware. A jailbroken phone that malfunctions will get you no sympathy from Apple — it will, however, void your warranty, and Apple personnel will probably not assist you if something bad happens.

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News Review: Making messaging apps less private

17. Bottom line

If you take positive steps to protect your smartphone from hackers and intruders, you should feel confident you’ve done everything possible to shield your critical information. This makes it much less likely that thieves will be able to steal your identity, delve into your personal life, siphon off your money, control your phone, and generally make your life miserable.

News Review: Making messaging apps less private1

You are going to listen to a story about technology and secrecy. You are going to be looking at the question ‘Should governments be able to read your private app messages?’. Before you listen, check you understand the following words and word combinations.

Vocabulary you can use to talk about this topic

privacy — the right to keep personal information secret

encryption (v. to encrypt) — the action of putting information into a code to keep it secret

backdoor (adj. backdoor — dishonest) — secret route into a secure system

1.Recall the situations in which this vocabulary is used in the story. Use them in sentences of your own.

2.Complete the following sentences using this vocabulary in proper forms.

1.The Independent: ‘WhatsApp …: what is it, how does it work and why

is the government so worried about it?’

2.Personal … — the right to do something without other people knowing about it or seeing it.

3.There is no … in this place.

4.But I saw you because of the lack of the … in our office, one Saturday you went into a studio without telling anyone and you made a programme that was not for BBC.

5.If you … something you make it very difficult to understand the true meaning of it.

6.WhatsApp … messages by adding a code to them so that only the sender and the receiver can read the message.

7.That is something called ‘end-to-end …’

1 See Appendix Transcript 2.5 Making message apps less private. P. 153. URL: https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6hNG07lt3E.)

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8.WhatsApp … messages so its nearly impossible for anyone other than the user to see what’s being said.

9.The headline is ‘UK Calls For…To WhatsApp After London Attacks’

10.The British Government is requesting that WhatsApp makes a … — a second entry point available not to everyone but just to the Government.

11.Tech experts say there are sometimes … but these can be used by criminals too.

12.A … deal is a deal when you make money but you do a little bit not very legally.

3. Listen to the story again and decide if the following statements are true or false.

1.The British Government believes that criminals and terrorists can use WhatsApp system to send private messages to each other and they want to approve that.

2.‘Privacy’ means the right to keep things private, to keep them to yourself, so people can’t find out what you are doing.

3.There is privacy in an open-plan office.

4.‘The crypt’ is the sort of underground hidden room often in a church to keep bodies.

5.The idea of the crypt is an available place that people can easily get to.

6.When we talk about a cryptic crossword, it’s a kind of puzzle, where you have to work out what words complete the puzzle. And the clue is very easy to work out.

7.‘A backdoor’ is a door at the back of the house.

8.There is a back door at the back of the house which is the second door that not everybody knows about, not everybody has access to. But that door also leads into your house.

9.A backdoor deal is when you make money legally and honestly.

10.‘End-to-end encryption’ is very difficult to understand.

4. Answer the following questions.

1. Why does the British Government want to challenge WhatsApp privacy? 2. What is called ‘end-to-end encryption’?

3. Why is the British Government requesting ‘a backdoor’?

5. The following is what different people say on this topic.

The home secretary Amber Rudd said it was “completely unacceptable” that the government could not read messages protected by end-to-end encryption…”

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News Review: Making messaging apps less private

Speaking on the BBC’s Andrew Marr Show on Sunday, Rudd refused to rule out passing new legislation to tackle encrypted messaging if she did not get what she wanted.

Rudd added: “It is completely unacceptable. There should be no place for terrorists to hide.”

“We need to make sure that organisations like WhatsApp, and there are plenty of others like that, don’t provide a secret place for terrorists to communicate with each other.”

“These people have families, have children as well,” she said. “They should be on our side, and I’m going to try to win that argument.”

Her call came after it emerged that police were investigating reports that Khalid Masood, the British extremist who killed four people outside parliament before he was shot dead, had used WhatsApp a few minutes before he launched his attack on Wednesday.

Brian Paddick, the Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman and a former deputy assistant commissioner in the Metropolitan police, said that giving the security services access to encrypted messages would be “neither a proportionate nor an effective response” to the Westminster attack.

“These terrorists want to destroy our freedoms and undermine our democratic society,” he said. “By implementing draconian laws that limit our civil liberties, we would be playing into their hands.”

“My understanding is there are ways security services could view the content of suspected terrorists’ encrypted messages and establish who they are communicating with.”

Jeremy Corbyn, the Labour leader, said the police and intelligence services already had “huge, huge powers of investigation” and questioned Rudd’s demand.

He said he thought the balance in law between the interests of security and privacy was probably about right as it is.

The Open Rights Group, which campaigns for internet privacy, said Rudd’s proposal would make communications less secure for everyone online.

Its executive director, Jim Killock, said: “It is right that technology companies should help the police and intelligence agencies with investigations into specific crimes or terrorist activity where possible. This help should be requested through warrants and the process should be properly regulated and monitored.

“However, compelling companies to put back doors into encrypted services would make millions of ordinary people less secure online. We all rely on encryption to protect our ability to communicate, shop and bank safely.”

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WhatsApp said in a statement that it was “horrified” by the London attack and that it was “cooperating with law enforcement”.

Rudd also signalled a renewed determination to stop internet companies publishing extremist material online by declaring that they now had to accept they were “publishing companies”, with the responsibilities that went with that, not just technology firms providing a platform.

6. What do you think on this topic? Answer the following questions.

1.Do you support Amber Rudd, the home secretary or her opponents, who say her demand for access to encrypted messaging to thwart attacks is unrealistic and disproportionate?

2.Would her demand implementation be an infringement on human rights and make millions of ordinary people less secure online?

3.Or would her call help to protect the society from future terror attacks?

4.Do you agree with saying that “by implementing draconian laws that limit our civil liberties, we would be playing into terrorists’ hands”?

5.Are you for or against internet privacy?

BBC News Review: Online abuse the same as face-to-face1

You are going to listen to a story about UK law regarding online hate crimes. Prosecutions in Britain are being told to treat online hate crime as seriously as abuse meted out face-to-face. The guidance issued by the government covers offences motivated by hostility towards people of different races, religions, sexuality, gender and disability. Before you listen, check you understand the following words and word combinations.

Vocabulary you can use to talk about this topic

trolls — people who intentionally send annoying or insulting online messages corrosive — causing gradual damage to something

closes (the) net — restricts the movement or activities of something

1.Recall the situations in which this vocabulary is used in the story. Use them in sentences of your own.

2.Complete the following sentences using this vocabulary in proper forms.

1.The Mirror: Crown Prosecution Service to unveil new guidelines on hate

crime in crackdown on Twitter and Facebook …

1 See Appendix Transcript 2.6 Online abuse the same as face-to-face. P. 154. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqV2onFNmTQ.

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BBC News Review: Online abuse the same as face-to-face

2.We refer to people who seek to harm others online through posting abusive messages as …

3.… operate with an online sphere.

4.A … is a person who is doing activity which is to engage in trolling.

5.The Independent: Crackdown on … online hate crimes launched by Crown Prosecution Service.

6.Something which is … damages something over time, for example, jealousy within a marriage is corrosive.

7.The Guardian Morning: … on social media hate crimes.

8.Before we … on this programme, we will have our Facebook challenge.

3. Listen to the story again and decide if the following statements are true or false.

1.The order issued by the government The British Government believes that criminals and terrorists can use WhatsApp system to send private messages to each other and they want to approve that.

2.The Director of Public Prosecutions said online abuse, such as threats of violence, had a ‘positive effect’ on society.

3.Trolls in the 21st century are popular folklore characters which actually come from Scandinavian mythology.

4.If you put very strong acid onto metal, the metal will remain intact.

5.We can use ‘corrosive’ literally and figuratively, metaphorically.

6.We have the only meaning of ‘net’ as in the lattice work of fibres which is used to catch an animal.

7.We have ‘net’ in the abbreviation for the Internet.

4. Answer the following questions.

1. What kind of offences does the guidance issued by the government cover? 2. Why did Crown Prosecution Service launch crackdown on online hate

crimes?

3. How can you prove that the word ‘corrosive’ can be used both literally and metaphorically.

5. Work in small groups. Discuss this problem with your partners.

Add more tips for dealing with online bullying.

Offer your own measures to protect people from online bullying.

Online bullying is a huge problem in the UK and can have a catastrophic impact on victims. Alison Saunders, the director of public prosecutions, said the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) will now address online hate

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crime “with the same robust and proactive approach used with offline offending.”

According to CPS guidelines, a hate crime can be used to describe a range of criminal behaviour where the perpetrator is motivated by hostility or demonstrates hostility towards the victim’s ‘protected characteristics,’ which include disability, race, religion, sexual orientation or transgender identity. Writing in the Guardian, Saunders explained that “an increasing proportion of hate crime is now perpetrated” online, adding that while such actions can’t cause physical harm to victims, it can have “devastating effects.”

Here is what 7 stars who have personal experiences of online bullying say.

Being a celebrity doesn’t make you immune from the power of cyberbullies — as seven pop stars discovered for themselves, when they became targets of the trolls.

Zayn Malik

Despite being part of one of the biggest boybands of all time, Zayn Malik was targeted by cyberbullies while he was part of One Direction, who attacked him because of his race.

Lorde

Lorde has made her mark as a glorious pop oddity but that place hasn’t come easily, having experienced fierce online abuse concerning her appearance in the early days of her career.

Nelson, Little Mix

Jesy Nelson was targeted by trolls while Little Mix were still competing on X Factor in 2011 and long before they became the UK’s most powerful, sassiest girlgroup.

Olly Alexander, Years & Years

Years & Years frontman Olly Alexander says he avoids social media after the band have performed on television because of how much personal abuse he receives online.

I can’t read too much anymore because I don’t need to be seeing that

Olly Alexander

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6 Minute English. Eyewitness Testimony

Selena Gomez

Selena Gomez is the most followed person on Instagram in the world, but she doesn’t love using the app because she becomes obsessed with negative comments, despite thousands of positive messages she receives.

Demi Lovato

Demi Lovato has suffered personally at the hands of bullies and online trolls, but it was the suicide of Phoebe Prince in 2010 which inspired her to pen a letter for Seventeen magazine urging young people to stop tormenting others.

Nicola Roberts

Nicola Roberts suffered something very similar to Jesy Nelson when Girls Aloud won Pop Stars: The Rivals way back when in 2002.

Cyber bullying is a way of getting to somebody at all times Nicola Roberts

9 tips for dealing with online bullying from Dr Radha

1.“Realise that the people who are bullying you are the ones who are insecure and try not to take it personally.”

2.“Talk to an adult you trust like your parents or your teacher as soon as it starts. Don’t keep it to yourself.”

3.“Keep a record of the messages sent so you have evidence of what happened.”

4.“Do not respond or reply to the messages.”

5.“Report the people bullying you to the internet service provider or the website you are using so they can take further action.”

6.“Consider coming off a website or suspending your account temporarily.”

7.“Block messages or emails from the sender.”

8.“There are lots of organisations that can help you with online bullying including Childline.”

9.“If things get serious then you can report it to the police.”

6 Minute English. Eyewitness Testimony1

Can you trust your own eyes?

You are going to listen to a story about memory. Can we remember things accurately? Before you listen, check you understand the following words and word combinations.

1 See Appendix Transcript 2.7 Can you trust your own eyes? P. 156. URL: BBC Learning English — 6 Minute English / Can you trust your own eyes?

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Vocabulary you can use to talk about this topic

to reconstruct — to rebuild

to be distorted — to be changed

a crime scene — a place where a crime was committed

contaminated — made impure through contact with an outside source. at knifepoint — under threat of being stabbed

disconcerting — confusing and a bit upsetting testimony — spoken statements

1.Recall the situations in which this vocabulary is used in the story. Use them in sentences of your own.

2.Complete the following sentences using this vocabulary in proper forms.

1.We … memories, and during this process, they may be changed for dif-

ferent reasons.

2.We rebuild memories, and during this process, they may be … for different reasons.

3.Crime officers wear protective clothing at … so they don’t contaminate it with their DNA.

4.Investigators are now at the … searching for evidence.

5.Several outbreaks of infection have been traced to … food.

6.She was raped ….

7.If you are being held … you are likely to be concentrating on the weapon rather than on your attacker’s face.

8.The situation seemed familiar and … at the same time.

9.It’s … to learn that memory is frequently inaccurate.

10.Karen Newirth says that people expect eyewitness … in court.

11.Barker’s … is crucial to the prosecution’s case.

3. Listen to the story again and decide if the following statements are true or false.

1.Our memories can play tricks on us.

2.We think of memory as being like a tape recorder that we can replay and recall again and again as it originally occurred.

3.Memory is a reproductive process.

4.Anybody who has any interaction with a criminal needs to make sure that they don’t distort their memory.

5.Crime officers wear gowns at crime scenes so they don’t contaminate them with their DNA.

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