Lectures for students on Russian history (Методика освоения содержания предметного образования (История)). Учебное пособие

the Bolsheviks’ Revolution, one year later. To distinguish themselves from other social parties, the Bolsheviks’ Party was renamed to the Russian Communist Party.

On October 25, 1917 the Sovnarkom was established as the administrative arm of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Russia was proclaimed as the Democratic federal Republic. During the years between 1917 and 1923 the Soviet Russia achieved peace with the Central Powers, their enemies in the World War I.

Russian society splitted into two parts: the White army and the Red army. The Cossacks were called the Green army. Foreign armies (English and French) took active part in Civil war in Russia supporting the White army and sponsoring it. The Civil war resulted in large territorial changes and Polish-Soviet War. The piece of Riga signed in early 1921, according this piece treaty the territory of Belarus, Ukraine were divided between Poland and Russia. After crushing all opponents Soviet Russia spread Soviet power quickly and established itself through Russia.

During the Civil War the Bolsheviks adopted the policy which was called “War Communism”. They argued such policy that ending money’s role as a transmitter of “value” was a sign of the rapidly approaching communist epoch. The Kronstadt’s rebellion signaled the growing unpopularity of such policy. After that it was decided to end War Communism and introduce the New Economic policy. During NEP the state allowed a limited market to exist, small private business was also allowed. Peasants could sell agricultural surplus. The Soviet NEP was essentially a period of “market socialism”. After this Soviet Russia became the world’s greatest producer of grain.

On December 29, 1922 a conference of delegations from the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukraine SSR and the Belarussian SSR approved the treaty on the creation of the USSR and the declaration of the creation of the USSR forming the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republic.

Lenin was already very ill. He died on January, 1924. On May Lenin’s Testament was read at the Central Committee of the Party,

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it wasn’t published. Joseph Stalin, general Secretary of the Russian Communist Party, became Lenin’s successor and was a leader of the Soviet Union until his death in 1953. Stalin started campaigns against other Lenin’s followers such as Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev,

Bucharin. All of them were executed, only Trotsky was sent to the international exile in 1928 firstly but then he was killed in Mexico.

Tasks 1. Answer the following questions:

1.How can you describe V. Lenin as a person and a politician?

2.How did Lenin become a leader of the party?

3.How could Lenin obtain a power in Russia?

4.Why did Civil War begin?

5.What did Lenin do for the state?

2.Watch video “History of Russian Empire” (Matteo Zilli, part 20 of 20) and summarize new information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsnJ_gTTEiw.

3.Topics for writing essay.

1.V. Lenin and A. Kerensky: similar and different features.

2.Why Lenin could obtain and save power?

3.Why Russia became Soviet republic?

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ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Тематика данного пособия охватывает наиболее яркие периоды исторического развития России. Материал представлен с нескольких точек зрений. Пособие дает возможность обучающимся на основе известного им исторического материала усвоить наиболее часто употребляемые слова и выражения исторического и общественнополитического лексикона.

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REFERENCES

1. Колесникова, М.В. История России в IX-XX веках / М.В. Колесникова и др. – М.: Московский лицей, 1999.

2.Cambridge history of Russia. Volume I. From early Rus to 1689. – Cambridge University Press. – 2004.

3.Cambridge history of Russia. Volume II. Imperial Russia, 1689-1917. – Cambridge University Press. – 2005.

4.Cambridge history of Russia. Volume III. The twentieth century. – Cambridge University Press. – 2006.

5.Marquez, Pamela. World civilizations. The Global experience. – Pearson-Longman. – 2007 // http://wpscc.pearsoncmg.com/wps/media/objects/3135/3211162/Stearns5e _IM.pdf.

6.Vasilieva, Iulia. History of Russia: Lectures for technical students [Электронный ресурс]: учебное пособие. Ч. 1 / Iulia Vasilieva; Самар. гос. техн. ун-т. – Электрон. дан. – Самара: [б. и.], 2017. – 79 с. – Загл.

Ститул. экрана. – Электрон. версия печ. публикации // http://irbis.samgtu.ru/cgi-bin/irbis64r_01/cgiirbis_64.exe.

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Учебное издание

ВАСИЛЬЕВА Юлия Сергеевна

Lectures for students on Russian history

(Методика освоения содержания предметного образования (История))

Редактор, корректор А.А. Сыромятников Технический редактор И.Л. Соколов

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