Highlights on IT. Учебное пособие
.pdfABBREVIATIONS LIST
ACID – Automated Classification and Interpretation of Data ATM – Automatic Teller Machines
B2B – Business-to Business
B2C – Business-to-Consumer B2G – Business-to-Government CCTV – Close Circuit Television
CEO – исполнительный директор
GDP – ВВП (валовый внутренний продукт)
GNP – Gross National Product (ВНП – валовый национальный продукт)
CIA – Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability CPU – Central Processing Unit
CSS – Cascading Style Sheets
CTO – Chief technical officer/Chief technology officer CU – Control Unit
DARPA – Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency GPS – Global Positioning System
HP - Hewlett-Packard
IAS – Internet Addiction Syndrome IВМ- International Business Machines
ICT – Information and Communication Technology IS – Information System
IS - information services
IT – Information Technology JS – JavaScript
LCD – Liquid-Crystal Display
MIS - management information services MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology MS - Microsoft Corporation
MSP - managed service providers PC – Personal Computer
PDA – Personal Digital Assistant PIN – Personal Identification Number
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ROM – Read Only Memory
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
UI – User Interface
URI – Universal Resource Identifier
UX – User Experience
WEEE – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity
WWW – World Wide Web
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Appendix 1:
SIMPLE TENSES (Active Voice)
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Present Simple |
Past Simple |
Future |
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Simple |
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Affirmative |
V (V+s) |
V+ ed |
Shall / |
will |
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she plans |
V2 |
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+v |
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we plan |
she planned |
she will plan |
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we wrote |
we |
will |
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plan |
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FORM |
Negative |
she |
does not |
she |
did not |
she will |
not |
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(doesn't) plan |
plan |
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/ won't plan |
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we do not plan |
we |
didn’t |
we will not / |
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write |
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won't plan |
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Interrogative |
Do |
we plan? |
Did we write? |
Shall |
we |
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Does she plan? |
Did she plan? |
plan? |
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Will |
she |
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plan? |
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repeated or |
action(s) in the |
a voluntary |
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usual actions |
past, |
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future action |
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USAGE |
facts or |
past habitual |
a promise |
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generalizations |
action, |
a prediction |
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past facts or |
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generalizations |
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marketing |
marketing |
marketing |
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EXAMPLE |
“drives” many |
“drove” many |
will “drive” |
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of the day-to- |
of the day-to- |
many of the |
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day decisions |
day decisions |
day-to-day |
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made by |
made by |
decisions |
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operating |
operating |
made by |
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management |
management |
operating |
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management |
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Appendix 2:
PROGRESSIVE TENSES (Active Voice)
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Present |
Past |
Future |
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Progressive |
Progressive |
Progressive |
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Affirmative |
am |
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was |
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is |
+ Ving |
were + Ving |
will + Ving |
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are |
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FORM |
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He is |
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He was |
He will be |
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planning |
planning |
planning |
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Negative |
He is not |
He was not |
He will not / |
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planning |
planning |
won't be planning |
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Interrogative |
Is he |
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Was he |
Will he be |
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planning? |
planning? |
planning? |
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action in |
an |
interrupted |
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progress "at |
interrupted |
action in the |
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USAGE |
this very |
action in the |
future |
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moment" or |
past |
two parallel |
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around it. |
two past |
actions in the |
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near future, |
events in |
future |
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particularly |
parallel |
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plans |
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They are |
We were |
I can’t see you on |
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having a |
discussing |
the 12th because |
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EXAMPLE |
meeting |
our |
I will be |
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about the |
expansion |
attending a |
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catalogue. |
plans when |
training course. |
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he came. |
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Appendix 3:
PERFECT TENSES (Active Voice)
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Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
Future |
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Perfect |
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Affirmative |
have |
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will have + |
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has + Ved/ 3 |
had + Ved/ 3 |
Ved/ 3 |
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He will have |
FORM |
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He has written |
He had |
written |
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written |
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Negative |
He has not |
He had not / |
He will not / |
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written |
hadn't written |
won't have |
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written |
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Interrogative |
Has he written? |
Had he |
Will he have |
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written? |
written? |
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unspecified |
completed |
completed |
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time before |
action or |
action or |
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USAGE |
now |
duration |
duration |
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duration before |
before |
before |
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now |
something in |
something |
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the past |
in the future |
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They have |
He had |
I will have |
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EXAMPLE |
already |
completed his |
taken part in |
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discussed this |
experiment by |
many confer |
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problem |
the time his |
ences by |
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chief came. |
2020. |
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Appendix 4:
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES (Active Voice)
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Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
Future Perfect |
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Progressive |
Progressive |
Progressive |
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Affirmative |
He has been |
He had been |
He will have |
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writing |
writing |
been writing |
FORM |
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Negative |
He has not |
He had not |
He will not / |
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been writing |
been / hadn't |
won't have |
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been writing |
been writing |
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Interrogative |
Has he been |
Had he been |
Will he have |
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writing? |
writing? |
been writing? |
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duration from |
duration |
duration |
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the past until |
before |
before |
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USAGE |
now |
something in |
something in |
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the past |
the future |
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cause of |
cause of |
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something in |
something in |
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the past |
the future |
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We have been |
I had been |
They will have |
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EXAMPLE |
analyzing the |
solving this |
been testing |
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results of the |
problem for a |
this material |
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experiment |
week when I |
until they get |
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since last week |
realized I sho- |
all the |
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(and still are). |
uld use |
necessary |
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another |
data. |
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approach. |
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Appendix 5:
PASSIVE VOICE
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Simple |
Progressive |
Perfect |
Present |
am |
am being |
have been |
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is + V |
is being + V |
+ V |
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are |
are being |
has been |
Past |
was |
was being |
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+ V |
+ V |
had been + V |
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were |
were being |
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Future |
will be + V |
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will have been |
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+ |
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V |
Appendix 6:
MODAL VERBS
Functions |
ability |
obligation |
no |
advice |
speculation |
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possibility |
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obligation |
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Modal |
can |
must |
needn’t |
should |
may |
Verbs |
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have to |
don't |
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might |
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have to |
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could |
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Functions |
asking for permission |
previously arranged |
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(more polite) |
plan; obligation |
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resulting from |
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previous |
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arrangement |
Modal Verbs |
Can/Could |
be to |
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БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
1.Квасова Л.В. Английский язык для специалистов в области компьютерной техники и технологий: учеб. пособие / Л.В. Квасова, С.Л. Подвальный, О.Е. Сафонова. Воронеж:
ВГТУ, 2005.
2.Борковский А.Б. Англо-русский словарь по
программированию и информатике |
(с толкованиями) / |
|
А.Б. Борковский. – М.: |
Московская |
международная школа |
переводчиков, 1992. – 335 |
с. |
|
3. Мюллер В. К. Новый англо-русский словарь / В. К. Мюллер. – М.: Рус. яз.-Медиа, 2005. – 945 с.
4.Abbyy Lingvo 12 (электронный словарь)
5.A. S. Hornby. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. – OUP, 2007. – 1041 p.
6.B. Mascull. Business Vocabulary in Use. – CUP, 2014. –
172 p.
7.Check your Vocabulary for Computing. – Peter Collin Publishing, 2012. – 57 p.
8.English grammar for computer science students: учеб.-
метод. пособие для студентов и аспирантов / под ред. О.Н. Коноваловой и Л.Б. Саратовской. - Москва, 2010 (режим доступа: http://warmland.ru/direct/english_grammar_new.pdf).
9.Eric H. Glendinning, John McEwan. Basic English for computing. OUP, 2010. – 128 p.
10.Harrison M. Grammar Spectrum 2 / M. Harrison. – Oxford University Press, 2000. – 120 p.
11.M. Swan, C. Walter. How English Works. A grammar practice book. - OUP, 2009. – 358 p.
12.Tom Ricca-McCarthy, Michael Duckworth. English for Telecoms and information Technology. – Oxford University Press, 2009. – 95 p.
13.Oxford Essential Dictionary - OUP, 2009. – 488 p.
14.www.robot-davinci.ru
15.www.wikipedia.org 16.https://www.realitytechnologies.com/virtual-reality/
17.www. learningenglish.voanews.com/a/augmented-reality- versus-virtual-reality/3844772.html
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ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ |
|
Предисловие…………………………………………………. |
3 |
Part 1…………………………………………………………. |
5 |
Unit 1. Digitized world……………………………………….. |
5 |
Unit 2. Big names in IT……………………….……................ |
17 |
Unit 3. IT giants………………………….…….……............... |
30 |
Unit 4. IT specialists………………………….….…………… |
41 |
Unit 5. Artificial intelligence: its impact on society………….. |
53 |
Unit 6. Virtual reality vs Augmented reality…………………. |
62 |
Unit 7. Aspects of information security………………………. |
72 |
Part 2. Grammar revision………………………….................. |
83 |
Unit 1………………………………………………................. |
83 |
Unit 2…………………………………………………………. |
85 |
Unit 3…………………………………………………………. |
92 |
Unit 4…………………………………………………………. |
95 |
Unit 5…………………………….……...……………………. |
97 |
Unit 6…………………………………………………………. |
100 |
Unit7………………………………………………………….. |
101 |
Unit 8…………………………………………………………. |
104 |
Unit 9…………………………………………………………. |
106 |
Unit 10……………………………………………..…………. |
107 |
Abbreviation list……………………………………................ |
111 |
Appendix 1……………………………………………………. |
113 |
Appendix 2……………………………………………………. |
114 |
Appendix 3……………………………………………………. |
115 |
Appendix 4……………………………………………………. |
116 |
Appendix 5……………………………………………………. |
117 |
Appendix 6……………………………………………………. |
117 |
Библиографический список………………………………… |
118 |
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Учебное издание
Нехаева Ольга Георгиевна Сарафанникова Елена Витальевна Жданова Татьяна Алексеевна Соловьева Светлана Ростиславовна
Highlights on IT
Учебное пособие
2-е издание, переработанное и дополненное
В авторской редакции
Подписано к изданию 20.04.2023. Объем данных 1,0 Мб.
ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный технический университет»
394006 Воронеж, ул. 20-летия Октября, 84
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