Elliptical Sentences in English. Monograph

is meaningless. Due to the fact that the interrogative sentence in the QADU is a stimulus for obtaining the information of a certain quality, it determines the semantic characteristics of the elliptical answering sentence and has a predictive potential. The most accurate semantic correlation of the question and answer is one in which the answer is elliptical, because it represents an accurate reaction to the question. Different types of questions in modern English have not the same semantic prognosis for answers. The highest predictability is characteristic of the special interrogative sentences of the English language. English tag and alternative types of questions have a greater predictability of this or that elliptical answer than general questions. The semantics of elliptical answering sentences on special questions is programmed by the interrogative words; on general and tag types of questions it expresses the confirmation, negation or addition to the proposition of the question and in the alternative questions – the choice or addition to the proposed alternative. The elliptical character of the answering sentences is a structural indicator of the close logical and semantic correlation of the question and the answer. The elliptical structure of questions arises under the influence of the contextual factors.

The author comes to the conclusion that the semantic functions realized by the elliptical sentences in the QADU can be variable. They can be primary and secondary (pragmatically conditioned).

Different types of one-member elliptical questions and answers serve to identify object(s), person(s), event(s) of the objective reality, action(s), place(s), time, quality and quantity. Thus, the primary semantic function of one-member substantive elliptical sentences

of elliptical interrogative sentences are also used to clarify and to make

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concrete the thought expressed earlier by the speaker, they have an appealing function.

Situational elliptical questions are characterized by the semantics of uncertainty requiring confirmation or negation. One-member substantive elliptical questions and answers have local, temporal, quantitative and qualitative semantics which appears when there is an adjective in the elliptical sentence structure. Identifying nomination in elliptical sentences has a certain character, it is complete or partial and possesses the semantics of singularity or plurality, the logical category of negation.

One-member verbal elliptical questions or answers in QADU have a primary semantic function of identifying the action. Infinitive elliptical questions in English are characterized by the divergence between the syntactic structure and semantics: a positive structure is characterized by the negative semantics and, vice versa, a negative structure – by the positive one.

Adverbial elliptical sentences in QADU have the semantic meaning of identifying the place, time, quality and quantity of action.

Adjectival elliptical sentences in QADU possess the evaluative or quality semantics.

Pronominal elliptical questions and answers serve for the identifying or clarifying nomination of a person, a phenomenon, a place of action, possessing the semantics of generality, partiality and negation.

Elliptical answering sentences YES and NO (or their modal equivalents) as well as two-member elliptical sentences with represented members in the second replica of QADU have a communicatively semantic function of confirmation or negation of the proposition of the question.

Elliptical questions with lexical repetitions appear as the emotionally coloured units, and elliptical answering sentences with

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lexical repetitions serve as a confirmation or negation of the proposition of the question.

Two-member elliptical question with a direct word order is a pragmatically marked structure, the person who asks it assumes to receive the affirmative answer.

The two-member elliptical question with represented members may possess the semantics of doubt.

Elliptical questions represented by the auxiliary verbs /to be, to do/ are essential for the development of a dialogue, serve to clarify implicit information for the person who answers them and they are therefore used as second components of three-member QADU.

Semantic function of concretization is also possessed by all the types of elliptical questions, when used as the second components of the QADU.

So elliptical sentences in the question-answer dialogical unity of the modern English language have certain structural and semantic characteristics.

The QADU with elliptical sentences are typical structures of syntax of the colloquial speech and are characterized by a high degree of usage.

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