Business English Grammar = Грамматика английского языка. Часть 1. Практикум

3. The man who _____ (invent) the cathode ray TV, Philo Farnsworth, was

also in his 20s ...

4. ... when he _____ (come up with) the idea ...

5. ... that _____ (lead) to the modern television.

6. He _____ (have) the idea ...

7. ... when he _____ (plough) a field.

8.He _____ (imagine) all the furrows as lines on a screen.

9.He _____ (already invent) an earlier version when he was just 15.

10.However, when Barack Obama _____ (become) President of the USA in 2008 at the age of 47, ...

11.... there _____ (be) eight previous presidents in their 40s, including Bill Clinton and John F Kennedy.

12.He was 89 years old when he _____ (run) his first marathon.

13.He _____ (start) running at the age of 63 ...

14.... when most of his friends _____ (think) of retirement.

15.He _____ (retire) from marathon running at the age of 101.

16.By that time, he _____ (run) nine marathons with a personal best of 5 hours and 40 minutes.

Check your answers to exercises 78–82 here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdweszZr6LmuBMmnOad9wGgjcE5Cv 5qK5z7UTTjrdH25uvsAQ/viewform?authuser=0

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DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise 83. Who’s Who? Look at the information about two couples. Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun.

Example: Cath is a woman who is married to Ben.

1.John is the taxi driver _____ Jane is married to.

2.Jenny is the woman _____ husband likes jogging.

3.Dave is the man _____ works as a mechanic.

4.Cycling is the hobby _____ John likes best.

5.Ben is married to a woman _____ hobby is reading.

6.Jogging is something _____ Toby likes to do.

7.The man _____ brings the post is called Ben.

8.Photography is something _____ interests Sally.

9.Sally is the woman _____ works as a bus driver.

10.Reading is a hobby _____ Cath enjoys.

Exercise 84. Identifying People and Things. Here are some sentences found in a lifestyle magazine. Combine the two sentences in two ways, using the words given.

Example: The player who they interviewed had won the competition.

Example: They interviewed the player who had won the competition.

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Exercise 85. Read the job advertisements. Make the sentences with the information in bold. Say what the companies want using ‘who’ or ‘that’.

Example: 1. They are looking for a secretary who speaks French and English.

Exercise 86. Make sentences with ‘which’ or ‘that’. Use a word or phrase from each of the three columns.

Example: 1. A dictionary is a kind of book that says what words mean.

2.A studio is a kind of _____.

3.An email is a kind of _____.

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4.A jetski is a kind of _____.

5.An AGM is a kind of _____.

6.A mobile is a kind of _____.

Exercise 87. Look at the details of things that people have lost. Write down what they say at the lost property office.

Example: 1. I’ve lost a suitcase with two red straps.

2.I’ve lost _____ a label saying ‘Tax letters’.

3.I’ve lost _____ five keys and a small torch.

4.I’ve lost _____ €60 euros and a gold credit card.

5.I’ve lost _____ black frames.

6.I’ve lost _____ a blue and white cover.

a)a file with

b)a keyring with

c)a mobile phone with

d)a pair of glasses with

e)a wallet with

Check your answers to exercises 83–87 here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSddvTKjxUU88exNR_l6LsMlJWO_WL TbzJQKn3YSdzYNxc6HUA/viewform?authuser=0

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NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise 88. Giving Information about Well-Known People. Here is some information from a website about well-known people. Make one sentence from the notes given, making the underlined parts into relative clauses. Choose one variant.

1.Virginia Woolf. Her sister was a painter. She wrote A Room of One’s Own.

The book deals with difficulties for women in a man’s world.

a) Virginia Woolf, who her sister was a painter, wrote A Room of One’s Own, which deals with difficulties for women in a man’s world.

b) Virginia Woolf, whose sister was a painter, wrote A Room of One’s Own, which deals with difficulties for women in a man’s world.

c) Virginia Woolf, whose sister was a painter, wrote A Room of One’s Own, that deals with difficulties for women in a man’s world.

2.In 1958 Rosalind Franklin died of cancer. She helped to discover the structure of DNA. In those days cancer was incurable.

a) In 1958 Rosalind Franklin died of cancer, which helped to discover the structure of DNA, which in those days was incurable.

b)In 1958 Rosalind Franklin, who helped to discover the structure of DNA, died of cancer, which in those days was incurable.

c)In 1958 Rosalind Franklin, who helped to discover the structure of DNA, died of cancer, who in those days was incurable.

3.Grantham lies in Lincolnshire. It is famous as the birthplace of Margaret Thatcher. She was British Primer Minister for 11 years.

a) Grantham lies in Lincolnshire, that is famous as the birthplace of Margaret Thatcher, that was British Primer Minister for 11 years.

b) Grantham lies in Lincolnshire, which is famous as the birthplace of Margaret Thatcher, who was British Primer Minister for 11 years.

c) Grantham lies in Lincolnshire, which is famous as the birthplace of Margaret Thatcher, that was British Primer Minister for 11 years.

4.‘Imagine’ is still a very popular song. It was written by John Lennon. He died in 1980.

a) ‘Imagine’ is still a very popular song, that was written by John Lennon, who died in 1980.

b) ‘Imagine’ is still a very popular song, which was written by John Lennon, who died in 1980.

c) ‘Imagine’ is still a very popular song, whose written by John Lennon, that died in 1980.

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Exercise 89. Underline the words that ‘which’ refers to. Choose one variant.

1.Sara read War and Piece in just two weeks, which is probably a record. a) Sara read War and Piece in just two weeks

b) War and Piece c) just two weeks

2.Denis let me borrow his car, which is practically new.

a)his car

b)Denis

c)Denis let me borrow his car

3.We often visit the Lake District, which is very good for hiking. a) the Lake District

b) We often visit the Lake District c) We often visit

4.The manager accused Bill of stealing, which almost led to a strike. a) The manager accused Bill of stealing

b) stealing

c) The manager

Exercise 90. Frida Kahlo. Complete the text by writing in relative pronouns and including a comma if one is necessary. Choose one variant.

that which , which , who , whose –

0.The artist Frida Kahlo _____

died in 1954, is becoming more and more popular.

1.As a child she suffered from polio ____ left her right leg thinner than her left.

2.She disguised this by wearing skirts _____ reached to her ankles.

3.She had several sisters but was closest to her father _____

encouraged her to study medicine.

4.One day when she was 18,

a bus _____ she was travelling in was hit by a car.

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5.These injuries _____ resulted in many operations, affected her for the rest of her life.

6.She left her medical studies to paint, and sought advice from

Diego Garcia _____ paintings she very much admired.

7.Garcia encouraged her, and later they got married _____ didn’t please Frida’s family.

8.Her paintings _____ were often self-portraits, were painted ...

9.... in a style _____ was influenced by popular Mexican art.

Check your answers to exercises 88–90 here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeNKpGryocIXCNZmEaXbSgMc5Vz4 en8-YwFlM-NLJ9p7GF3fA/viewform?authuser=0

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REPORTED SPEECH

Exercise 91. Complete these sentences with the correct form of ‘say’ and ‘tell’.

Example: 1. He said that I was late.

2.He _____ me that I was late.

3.She _____ him to work harder.

4.She _____ they would never agree.

5.Nobody _____ me that she was the CEO.

6.She _____ that she worked for Toyota.

Exercise 92. Rewrite these sentences in reported speech, changing the tenses. Begin with He / She / They.

Example: Susan: ‘I want to see Pierre.’ — She said that she wanted to see Pierre.

1.Hamza: ‘I’m not enjoying my job very much.’ — He said that _____ job very much.

2.Adela: ‘I want to listen to my staff more.’ — She said that _____ staff more.

3.Susan and Sharon: ‘We need to invest in the development of staff.’ — They said that _____ to invest in the development of staff.

4.Pierre: ‘I’m feeling under pressure at work.’ — He said that _____ feeling under pressure at work.

5. Justin: ‘The company has been performing badly.’ — He said that the company _____ badly.

6. Eleanor: ‘I’m going to look for a new job.’ — She said that _____ going to look for a new job.

Check your answers to exercises 91–92 here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfH6kB9pKCJNLvd4kbaN2vxLSldgsv BKQmzHDoYjD7DhjsOgw/viewform?authuser=0

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REPORTING QUESTIONS

Exercise 93. Read the dialogue and then complete how Suki later reported the meeting to a friend. Use ‘say’, ‘tell’ or ‘ask’ for the reporting verb and standard changes in the tenses.

Example: He asked me what I was doing in Brighton.

1. I _____ him that ...

2. ... I _____ to visit my aunt.

3. I also _____ that ...

4. ... I _____ to stay for a couple of days.

5. I _____ him ...

6. ... _____ in Brighton and ...

7. ... he _____ me that ...

8. ... he _____ here since 2004.

9. Then he _____ me ...

10. ... _____ and ...

11. ... I _____ that ...

12. ... I _____ a small flat near Gatwick Airport.

13. He _____ me ...

14. ... he _____ to the aquarium later and ...

15. ... _____ me ...

16. ... _____ to join him.

17. I _____ that ...

18. ... I _____ because ...

19. ... some friends _____ to see us.

Exercise 94. Polite Questions. Reorganize the words to make polite questions or statements. Choose one variant.

1.

a)Could you tell me if she got my message?

b)Could you tell me if got she my message?

c)Could you tell me if my message she got?

2.

a)Do you know when he will be back?

b)Do you know when will he be back?

c)Do you know when will be he back?

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3.

a)Do you know how long it takes?

b)Do you know how long takes it?

c)Do you know it takes how long?

4.

a)Can you remember what time the bus leaves?

b)Can you remember what time leaves the bus?

c)Can you remember what the bus leaves time?

5.

a)Do you know what this word means?

b)Do you know what means this word?

c)Do you know what this means word?

6.

a)What do you think he wants to know?

b)What do you think wants he to know?

c)What he wants to know do you think?

7.

a)I’ve no idea what the time is.

b)I’ve no idea what is the time.

c)I’ve no idea is what the time.

Exercise 95. Change the direct questions into polite questions.

Example: a) What time does the meeting begin? — Do you know what time the meeting begins?

b)How much is the hotel? — Could you tell me _____?

c)Why is he angry? — Do you know _____?

d)Is there a restaurant car on the train? – Can you tell me _____?

e)Where can I park the car? — Can you tell me _____?

f)Is the office near the town centre? — Can you remember _____?

Check your answers to exercises 93–95 here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfkP4GhrZO0ioPRzKxbEYXGx7VhuU gMbRxXoQF4TYRCcMFytQ/viewform?authuser=0

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