Грамматика английского языка. Герундий. Учебно-методическое пособие

IV. “Likes, dislikes, habits”. Read, understand and make up your own story in analogy.

A. Alice’s friends always tell her to stop smoking. They think smoking is unhealthy. Alice knows that but she still keeps smoking. She’d better stop, but she can’t. Smoking is a bad habit she just can’t break.

Her mother also tells her to stop interrupting people while they are speaking. She thinks that interrupting people is tactless. Alice knows that but she still keeps interrupting people. She’d better stop, but she can’t. Interrupting people is a bad habit she just can’t break.

Her father often tells her to stop talking business all the time. He thinks that talking business is boring. Alice knows that, but she still keeps talking business. She’d better stop but she can’t. Talking business is a bad habit she just can’t break.

B. Do you happen to have any habits you just can’t break? What are they?

Lesson 5.

I. Checking up home-assignment 4. II. Gerund – Infinitive.

SP 1. The guests started to eat the meat when they were given forks and knives. (=однократное действие).

Tom was a vegetarian until 30, but then he started eating meat because he had changed his views. (=привычное действие).

(= to begin) Remember: I begin to understand (Never I am beginning)

SP 2. Do you bake pies yourself? – No I prefer buying them. (= general activivty).

Shall we make a birthday present for her with our own hands? - No, I’d prefer to buy a present this year. (= a particular case).

(= hate, dread, can’t bear, can’t stand)

e.g. I can’t stand watching TV. I hardly ever switch it on.

I can’t stand to watch TV any longer. It’s too boring. (So I won’t.) I wouldn’t stand to watch TV. (So I didn’t.)

I hate to tell you this, but you made me do it. (talking hypothetically) I hate being ill when abroad. (general dislike)

SP 3. I like | driving (= hobby /interest /general enjoyment)

I’d like | to drive to the sea next summer (= a preference now or at a specific moment)

Would you like to dance? | Yes, I’d like to.

| No, thank you. (No, I wouldn’t – is not common, it’s impolite) e.g. I like to go to the dentist every 6 months for a check up (I think it’s a good idea, though I may not like it). (= habit, choice)

SP 4. You are busy, aren’t you? Stop reading detectives.

In walking in the park I saw my friend and stopped to have a chat with her. (= a purpose) e.g. I was working on the computer. Suddenly the phone rang. (What did I stop doing? Why did I stop? )

The speaker’s throat felt dry. He drank some water. (What did he stop doing? Why did he stop?)

I was translating when Mom came in and said, “Eat something”.

The journalist in the middle of a sentence lit a cigarette.

SP 5. I forgot to come to the date once. (= I was to come but I didn’t do it).

I’ll never forget coming to my first date. (= a past action). Remember to buy the tickets.(= a forward-looking action).

Don’t you remember my buying them? I did it last Friday. (= backward-looking action). 11

Fortunately I remembered to lock the door, but to be frank, I can’t remember doing it.

e.g. What do you sometimes forget to do? Give examples of things you remember doing (when a kid, on holiday, travelling).

SP 6. I regret spending all my money. I’ve got nothing. (= a past action).

I regret to say you are to blame (= before saying bad news. A formal or polite form of apology).

SP 7. The guitar needs tuning and you also need to do something about the piano. SP 8. I used to like fish, but not now.

She is used to eating fish. But it can’t taste good, I think.

e.g. Why are you eating this Chinese dish with a spoon? Why not use chopsticks? – I used to eat with chopsticks when I lived in China. But in Russia I never use them. – Really? But your husband is used to eating with chopsticks, he even eats borsch with them! - No wonder, he is Chinese!

SP 9. Ann is sure to win. We believe in her.

Ann is sure of winning. She is cocksure and boastful!

SP 10. Sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you.

My new job means going on business now and then.

SP 11. I’m sorry to ring so late, but it’s urgent. (= apology for something we are doing). I’m sorry about making all that noise last night. (= apology for something we did).

SP 12. Alice was smart and Pete tried to win her heart. (= aim).

He tried buying her presents, sending flowers, inviting her to parties. But all she said was No. (= methods).

e.g. He tried to open the door but he couldn’t. He tried using every key he had but the door wouldn’t open.

The doctor said to the patient, “Try to stand up”.

You feel sleepy in watching TV. – Instead of lying on the sofa, try standing.

Doctor, I’ve been trying to gain weight for 2 years but I’m still just skinny. What shall I do? –

Try eating!

Note: The Infinitive usually implies that the action didn’t take place.

The Gerund usually implies that the action took place but maybe it wasn’t successful. e.g. I tried to take some aspirin but I couldn’t open the bottle (= I didn’t take it)

I tried taking some aspirin but it didn’t help (= I took it)

SP 13. Romeo and Juliet went on dating in spite of their parents’ disapproving. (= process). Little Sue entered the room and her parents dropped their talk. But they went on to speak

about her illness as she left the room. (to resume, begin to do smth again after some interval). e.g. He goes on smoking in spite of being ill.

After dinner he went on to smoke another cigarette. We were bored but she went on talking about her plans. After the exam I went on to visit my friends.

SP 14. She learnt driving at school. (= process). She learnt to drive at school. (= result).

SP 15. Doctors advise walking before bed. (= recommend, allow, encourage, forbid). Doctors advise me to walk.

Alice recommended me to cut my hair.

Good friends will never recommend cutting this long blond hair.

SP 16. I was afraid to speak in front of the group. (= didn’t want to do it, so I didn’t).

I was afraid of sounding foolish. (= I might sound foolish. Случится что-то плохое).

(unvoluntary action)

e.g. to go far from the hotel – getting lost to go to the park – being robbed

to buy a plane ticket – getting killed.

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SP 17. I am ashamed to borrow money again, but could you lend me some? (= I don’t want to do it but I’ll have to).

I’m ashamed to confess that I ran away like a coward.

I’m ashamed of getting such a bad mark. (= I got it).

SP 18. I’m not keen on travelling. I’d sooner relax on the sofa. (=- interested).

I’m keen to have my appendix removed and live a normal life. (I wish).

SP 19. I was interested in dancing. (= hobby, interest). I was interested to meet Nina (= I wanted to).

SP 20. He heard a woman shouting and rushed out to see what was happening. He heard a woman scream once and everything was quiet again.

Lesson 6.

I.Exercise 1. Compare these pairs of sentences. What’s the difference in meaning?

1.a) I remember thanking her for her gift when we met last month.

b)John, you must remember to thank Aunt Sue for her lovely present.

2.a) She tried to swallow it, but her throat was too sore.

b)She tried swallowing menthol syrup, but it didn’t help her sore throat.

3.a) The driving was tiring, so he stopped to drink some coffee at a service station.

b)He stopped drinking coffee while he was on a diet.

4.a) After finishing his first degree, he went on to study medicine.

b)He went on studying medicine despite failing the 1 year exams.

5.a) I can’t find my passport. I think I forgot to bring it!

b)I’ll never forget losing my passport when I was on holiday in the States.

Exercise 2. Match A-B

Exercise 3. Use the Gerund or Infinitive to complete each sentence.

1.You say that I’ve met Janet, but I can’t remember her. I can’t remember (meet) Janet.

2.Please, remember that you must buy some stamps. Please remember (buy) some stamps.

3.We wanted to open the door, but we couldn’t.

We tried (open) the door.

4.John met Madonna once. He’ll never forget it.

John will never forget (meet) Madonna.

5.Sheila intended to phone Peter, but she forgot. Sheila forgot (phone) Peter.

6.Jenny had a headache. She took an aspirin, but it didn’t help.

Jenny tried (take) an aspirin for her headache.

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7.I have a special soap that will probably get your hands clean. Try (wash) your hands with this special soap.

8.It will not be easy to do all the work today.

We’ll try (finish) the work before night.

9.I stayed in Jane’s flat while she was on holiday. I remembered that I had to feed her cats every day.

I remembered (feed) Jane’s cats every day while she was on holiday.

10.Remember that you must invite Mary to the party next week.

Don’t forget (invite) Mary to the party next week.

Exercise 4. The Gerund or the Infinitive?

1.Dieting usually means (give up) sweet things.

When I graduate I mean (find) a job with good money.

2.Ann remembered (lock) all the doors when she went on holiday but she forgot (close) the

window.

I’ll never forget (win) the lottery. It was the best day of my life.

3.She went on (write) to him for years, though he never once replied. The kids went on (laugh) even after the teacher had told them to stop. Jane studied languages and then went on (study) philosophy.

4.She is afraid (break) her leg if she jumps over the wall. She is afraid (show) her school report to her parents.

II. Checking up home assignment 5.

IV. Micro-dialogues.

Listen to your partner’s words and guess what they refer to.

Model: walking to school

A – Is that something you hate doing?

B – No, that’s something I stopped doing when I became a teenager. I stopped walking to school and started cycling there.

A – I see.

V. Tests.

Lessons 7-8.

I. Checking up home assignment.

II. Tests

Lesson 9.

Final Test

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Work Book

Assignment 1

1. Complete the story extract with verbs in the box. Retell the story close to the text. Make up a story in analogy.

Move cross go hear sing see have shout

A few years ago, we lived in a house by the sea but then my parents suggested … to another house, in the town center. So we moved.

It was OK living in the city – I enjoyed … to the shopping center near my new home, for example, and I didn’t mind … other houses from my window – but I detested … all those busy streets! Sometimes I felt like … at the drivers of all those cars!

I always loved living by the sea, and I missed … the sound of the waves outside our old house. Sometimes I imagined … a house of my own, on the beach, where I could live alone and practise … without annoying anyone! I also missed Jacob, but that wasn’t a problem with living in the town. Jacob was dead.

2. Paraphrase (the function of an adverbial modifier)

1)He tore the letter. He even didn’t read it.

2)The film star killed herself. She took a bottle of sleeping pills.

3)She is always late for work. She lives quite near the office.

4)He didn’t explain anything, he just kissed her.

5)She was reciting a poem. She missed a line.

6)Hardly had I found her phone number when I rang her up.

7)Don’t complain! Why not work hard?

8)Children learn to speak without teachers. They listen and imitate.

3. Open the brackets.

1)Excuse me for (give) you so much trouble.

2)The matter isn’t worth (speak) about.

3)No one likes (make) to look a perfect fool.

4)You’d better tell me the truth. I insist on (tell) the truth.

5)In spite of (not prepare) his homework Nick went to school.

6)The boys were punished for (break) the window.

7)Aren’t you interested in (appear) on TV?

8)He hated (remind) people of their duties or (remind) of his.

4.Complete the sentences with a suitable verb, using either the infinitive or the gerund. Use each verb once only.

1.Remember … some milk on your way home tonight.

2.I’m busy at the moment. Would you mind … back later?

3.I’m sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean … your feelings.

4.When she was a child, her parents wouldn’t allow her … in the street.

5.There must be something wrong with Simon. He keeps … he’s being followed by a private detective.

6.As they had received a bomb threat, the police ordered everyone … the building.

7.What with inflation and everything, it’s just not worth … nowadays.

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8.I remember … to be a pop star when I was a child.

9.Don’t pretend … jazz. I know you hate it really.

10.“Sarah hasn’t got a car. Would you mind … her a lift?” – “No, not at all.”

11.I really enjoy going to parties and … new people.

12.Her parents were very strict and wouldn’t allow her … out later than 10.30.

13.Parents usually warn their children against… to strangers.

14.I never go swimming because I dislike … my hair wet.

15.I agreed … her English if she helped me with my Spanish.

16.It was a very tough match, but in the end England managed … by 2 goals to one.

17.He suggested … a taxi to the station.

18.The film star disguised herself to avoid … recognized.

19.Would you dare … through a graveyard on your own at night?

20.She was very upset when she failed … work in Sydney.

21.He wasn’t happy with his room so he demanded … the manager.

22.It’s hard to imagine … without TV, isn’t it? What on earth would you do in the evenings?

5. Complete using the Infinitive or the Gerund. You may need to use the passive voice.

1.I’ll never forgive June for (lie) to me like that.

2.Daniel’s not very good at (make) friends.

3.I can’t resist (buy) things when they are in the sales.

4.We’ve got to encourage students (study), not blame them for not studying.

5.I don’t know how you managed (persuade) the bank manager to lend you so much money!

6.Does Jessica dislike (walk) so much that she’s not going to come with us?

7.Did you deny (steal) the money? Yes or no?

8.The kids were pretending (be) asleep but they didn’t fool me for a second.

9.I refuse (accept) that there’s no alternative.

10.No one understands how Jill can afford (go) on so many holidays each year.

11.He only just escaped (send) to prison. Next time, the judge won’t be so forgiving.

12.He expected (give) a brand new computer for Christmas, but all he got was a secondhand watch!

6. Translate into English.

1. Доктор велел ей избегать сидеть на солнце. 2. Когда мы услышали конец рассказа, мы не могли не рассмеяться. 3. Было поздно, но люди продолжали приходить. 4. Я помню, что что-то слышала об этом фильме. Стоит ли его посмотреть? 5. Не будете ли вы так любезны немного подождать? 6. Я не знаю, где найти работу. – Почему бы тебе не попробовать поместить объявление в газету? 7. Просматривая журналы, я наткнулась на интересную статью. 8. Он пришел без приглашения. 9. Его советы полезны, им стоит следовать. 10. Увидев клоуна, дети рассмеялись. 11. Не могу представить, чтобы ктонибудь получал удовольствие от этой поездки. 12. Когда надо выбить ковер? 13. Она отрицала, что видела меня на концерте. Но уверен, что это была она. 14. Что ты предлагаешь делать в наш последний день занятий?

Assignment 2.

I. Memorize the verbs followed by the prepositions and gerund.

When it comes to driving, he is great!

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7.to thank

to hate /to kick oneself

to apologise to smb

to blame smb for to forgive smb

to be famous sorry responsible

angry with smb.

8. to be happy, sorry nervous, crazy right, wrong

excited, annoyed about upset, serious

worried, anxious to complain

to talk

to fall into the habit in spite

instead of what’s the use

II. Write down 4 sentences about smb or smth the group knows. One sentence is not true to fact.

Assignment 3.

I. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Gerund.

1.I can’t but feel sorry for invalids.

2.We never know what might happen next.

3.You can gain something in life only if you work hard.

4.He was clever. No one ever denied that he was clever.

5.She insisted that I should drop my voice.

6.I can’t stand the idea that I shall grow old.

7.I congratulated Martin that he had won the race.

8.My boy-friend has a very irritating habit. He jokes at the wrong moment. – But he says that you hum all the time.

9.We were surprised that Jim was a bookish boy.

10.I hate it when they ask me personal questions.

11.The boy boasted that his friends were not sheepish.

12.They were engaged. They were bedding out flowers.

13.The old enjoy when they talk about good old days.

14.Why should we learn dead languages?

15.We looked forward when spring would come.

16.They disapprove when women smoke in public.

17.It’s pouring with rain. I don’t want to go out in the rain.

18.I suspect that the little kid knows much more than she pretends to.

19.In fact, he wasn’t ashamed that he had come late again.

20.She was disappointed, she hadn’t received any letters.

21.He was proud of the fact that he had won.

22.We kept the child from crying. We told him funny stories.

23.I’m fed up! Nina laughs at my accent!

24.Tom dropped into the chair and said nothing.

25.I’m 5 years older than my boy-friend, but I don’t mind if he knows it.

26.While I was looking through the album I came across a strange photo.

27.Take your time before you give the final answer.

28.Pete denied the fact that he had ever touched my papers.

29.They decided not to leave for good. They gave up the idea.

30.I succeeded. I found that ad in the end.

II. The Infinitive or Gerund?

1.I spend a lot of time (take) photographs.

2.I wasn’t allowed (eat) any chocolate and she didn’t let me (eat) any junk food either.

3.I enjoy (meet) my friends and (go) out for coffee.

4.You must practise (use) chopsticks if you want to live in Japan.

5.I’m interested in (travel) and (see) different cultures.

6.I hate (drive) in the city. There’s so much traffic!

7.I apologize for (be) late.

8.It’s no use (enter) the University if you don’t intend (study).

9.He couldn’t sleep, so I suggested (he, drink) some warm milk.

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10.Why is the baby crying? Does he want (feed)?

11.Actors consider (see) on TV as the first step to fame.

12.I prefer (borrow) books from the library rather than (buy) them.

13.Don’t tease him any more. He doesn’t enjoy (laugh) at.

14.Nasty morning! How about (put off) (play) tennis?

15.I can’t get used (ask) for my autograph.

16.I’m tired (see) the same faces every day, I need a change.

IV. Translate into English.

Том не упускал случая убежать из школы и поиграть с товарищами. Он был уверен, что его тетя Поли не знает об этом. Том отрицал, что ходил купаться, но тетя Поли узнала обо всем. Она была недовольна, что он обманул ее. Том был единственным сыном ее покойной сестры, она очень любила мальчика и избегала наказывать его.

Однако на этот раз решила наказать его за то, что он ходил купаться. Надо было побелить забор, и тетя Поли велела Тому белить в субботу. Мальчику не улыбалась мысль работать, и он попросил тетю Поли простить его за то, что он ослушался ее.

Тому не удалось заставить Джима работать вместо себя, ему пришлось прекратить надеяться, что он заставит мальчиков помочь побелить ему забор. Он принялся за работу с таким видом, как будто он не имел ничего против того, чтобы белить забор в субботу.

Когда пришел Бен, Том продолжал работать, не обращая внимания на товарища. Бен смотрел на Тома с удивлением: Том работал в субботу, и Бену казалось, что он наслаждается работой. Наконец, Том обернулся к Бену и сказал, что все зависит от того, нравится ли тебе работа или нет. После этого Бен не мог не позавидовать приятелю. Он попросил Тома позволить ему поработать. «Ты можешь положиться на то, что я сделаю это хорошо» - сказал он. Том ответил, что тетя Поли будет возражать против того, чтобы Бен белил забор. Но Бен продолжал просить, и Том не мог не согласиться. Бен гордился тем, что делает такую трудную работу. Тетя Поли была уверена, что Том бросил работать и убежал на речку. Она была удивлена, что Том так хорошо и быстро побелил забор. Она сказала, что мальчик заслуживает похвалы, и дала ему большое яблоко.

V.Quiz (to hand in for assessment)

1.What do you enjoy doing most and what did you use to enjoy doing as a child?

2.What do you resent doing?

3.What are you considering doing to achieve your dream in life? What do you mind doing to achieve it?

4.What can you boast of?

5.Are you critical about / of being taught here?

Lesson 4.

I. Paraphrase:

1.Don’t stay out in the sun too long. (avoid)

2.Bob said he was sorry he was late.

3.“You broke my bracelet, Sophie”, said Ann.

4.I don’t like walking too much.

5.You won’t get anywhere if you shout at him.

6.He’d sooner sleep than go out.

7.This is the first time I’ve driven this make of car.

8.Please, don’t repeat everything I say.

9.Chris didn’t play but went swimming.

10.The teacher didn’t want us to go into detail.]

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