Autonomous Learning for 3d Year Students. Лабораторные работы для студентов-бакалавров к «Практическому курсу английского языка. Часть 3». Учебное пос

But why cook at all, when there’s so much ready-made food you can just pop out and buy? The most obvious reason is it’s cheaper to cook, but there are plenty of others: it’s raining, the nearest shop’s miles away; you might want to impress someone; you’ll have to learn to do it eventually; and actually it can be fun.

Therearedifferentapproaches,ofcourse.Youcancookagreatbatch of stuff that will last for days — which is fine if you’ve got a fridge and no mean flat mates who’ll pinch your food (putting a label on it saying “I have spat in this” doesn’t work; sooner or later you’ll find another label saying “So have I”). Some recommend a slow cooker, but most don’t think of cooking until they’re hungry.

The one invaluable object is the wok — a perfect substitute for a frying pan — in which you can cook just about anything, not just stir-fry. Omelettes do tend to come out a rather odd shape, though less like fried facecloth than those done too slowly in a frying pan.

There are certainly things you don’t need: coffee machines, for example. If you’ve got a strainer, pouring hot water over the grounds in a jug works fine (which is actually also the best and least smelly way of cooking kippers — sit them in a jug of boiling water for 5 minutes). With a wok, a sharp knife and a saucepan you can not only survive but flourish. Oh, and a corkscrew, of course.

2.Find the Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations from the text above.

1)to pose unique challenges; 2) belatedly; 3) to use up valuable brain power on food; 4) a bedsitter; 5) to wind up; 6) mainstay; 7) hard up; 8) dismal worms; 9) in five minutes flat; 10) a batch of something; 11) to pinch one’s food; 12) to stir-fry.

3.Answer the following questions.

1)Why can eating and cooking in a hall of residence kitchen be a challenge according to Katharine Whitehorn?

2)Why is cooking much easier nowadays than it used to be?

3)What are the most obvious reasons for cooking at home rather than buying ready-made food?

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4)What are some of the possible approaches to student cookery?

5)Which kitchen appliances are really invaluable objects in the kitchen and which are absolutely useless? Why?

4.Translate into Russian the passage starting with “Unless you’re belatedly starting on a cookery course…” to “… and heating stuff up anyway”.

5.Be ready to speak about:

1. your own experiences of student culinary delights or disasters, and share your best recipes with a few personal tips;

2. the pleasant and unpleasant aspects of cooking as you see it; 3. the growing popularity of fast food, convenience food, junk

food etc.

4. the problem of losing the art of cooking and good eating in general and among students living in halls of residence.

TEXT 2

1. Read the title of the article. How much do you know about the novel and its author. Think of three things you would like to know. Read the article to see if it gives answers to your questions.

Jerome K. Jerome’s “Three Men in a Boat

(To Say Nothing of the Dog)”

Since its publication, “Three Men in a Boat” has never been out of print. It continues to be popular to the current day, with The Guardian ranking it #33 on The 100 Greatest Novels of All Time, and Esquire ranking it #2 in the 50 Funniest Books Ever.

Critics tried to sink Jerome K. Jerome’s comic classic, “Three Men in a Boat (To say nothing of the Dog!)”, when it appeared in 1889. The late-Victorian-era reading public, however, made the lighthearted depiction of a Thames River journey into a bestseller and launched Jerome on a long and successful career as author, playwright, and editor. “Three Men in a Boat” remains one of the most widely read and beloved works of British fiction. The novel’s global popularity has proven unsinkable. “Three Men in a Boat” has never fallen out of

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print and its style has influenced generations of British writers, from P.G. Wodehouse to DouglasAdams. The book has been translated into many languages, including Japanese, Swedish, and Russian, and its colloquial tone has been used to teach English worldwide. Radio, film, and stage adaptations of Jerome’s timeless story have appeared with regularity since the 1920s, including a 1975 teleplay byTom Stoppard. Jerome, a self-proclaimed “idler,” would surely be surprised by the busy post-publication lives led by his famous trio and their dog.

Jerome never envisioned the enduring popularity of “Three Men in a Boat” when he began publishing installments in the periodical “Home Chimes” in 1888. In fact, Jerome had not planned to write a comic work at all. Originally intending to write a travelogue recording the history of the Thames River, Jerome found that the episodic nature of a lazy journey accommodated the sort of humorous digressions and witty reflections that had first made his name. As he revised his book, he shifted the emphasis from landscape to the narrative stylings of J., a thinly-veiled stand-in for Jerome himself. An idler who exhibits a “general disinclination to work of any kind,” J. also holds a jaundiced view of society, which leaves him “yearn[ing] for the good old days, when you could go about and tell people what you thought of them with a hatchet and a bow and arrows.”

Two other members of the boating party, George and Harris, also have their real-life counterparts. The fictional George, who “goes to sleep at a bank from ten to four each day, except Saturdays, when they wake him up and put him outside at two,” was based on Jerome’s fellow theater-goer and old friend from his dosshouse days, George Wingrave, who had become a bank manager. Their companion, Harris, appears as an inveterate drinker who even in Paradise would likely find “a nice place round the corner here, where you can get some really first-class nectar.” Jerome’s depiction of a bibulous Harris is an inside joke. The real Harris, a theater enthusiast named Carl Hentschel, was not fond of alcohol. Montmorency, a small fox terrier who steals several scenes in the novel, appears to be “born with about four times as much original sin in [him] as other dogs are.” Montmorency gets into scraps with cats and stray curs, loses a battle with a kettle, howls

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at George’s banjo recital, donates a water rat to the trio’s Irish stew, and generally makes a nuisance of himself. As vivid a canine as everappeared in literature, Montmorency was in fact wholly conjured to life by Jerome’s imagination.

The cheeky preface to “Three Men in a Boat” states that the book purports to “form the record of events that really happened. All that has been done is to colour them; and, for this, no extra charge has been made.” Indeed, the real-life triumvirate of Jerome, Wingrave, and Hentschel did set out on a trip up the Thames in the spring of 1889, though they had made several river excursions before. Boating was the latest recreational craze at the time, and Jerome sought to capitalize on the novelty with his travelogue. Jerome’s resulting chronicle of the trip retains some elements of his intended “story of the Thames,” notably his rambling comments on riverside towns and their attractions. But the soul of the book remains the vernacular style of the narrator. Many of Jerome’s amusing anecdotes and recollections of the young friends’ foibles are undoubtedly based on real events and are embellished with a skill reminiscent of the great American yarn-spinners Mark Twain and Josh Billings. Hallmarks of Jerome’s digressive style include the use of understatement, the matter-of-fact invocation of absurd logic, the piling up of exaggerations, and the attribution of emotion to the inanimate. George’s profuse cursing is euphemistically down-played as “express[ing] wishes and desires concerning Harris’s fate in this world and the next that would have made a thoughtful man shudder.” When lost at night, the friends consider “assaulting a policeman” in order to have “a night’s lodging in the station-house,” but they reject the proposition, fearful that he would hit them back without locking them up! A dispute over whether to pack cheese for the trip devolves into a ridiculous tale of cheeses so ripe that they could not even be buried without the coroner raising a “fearful fuss. . .[saying] it was a plot to deprive him of his living by waking up the corpses.” Several hilarious episodes detail the threesome’s tussles with malicious objects such as tents, tow lines, tea kettles, and a particularly contrary tin of pineapple: “We beat it out flat; we beat it back square; we battered it into every form known to geometry — but we could not make

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a hole in it. [. . .] There was one great dent across the top that had the appearance of a mocking grin, and it drove us furious.” The many mishaps unfold in brief chapters headed by diary-like encapsulations. This technique, combined with the first-person narration and its highly colloquial language, bolsters the sense that Jerome’s tale is faithful to the human comedy of real men seeking to escape the pressures of an industrialized society. In “Three Men in a Boat”, Jerome crafted an idyll of idleness whose humor derived from the misadventures of the late-Victorian Everyman. Literary scholar Donald Gray has commented that Victorian laughter functioned “to furnish a holiday from taking things and ideas seriously.” Jerome dramatizes the unimportance of being earnest when his narrator flippantly remarks, “I like work; it fascinates me. I can sit and look at it for hours.” His rambling accounts of his characters’ circuitous progress, their plunges into the river, and their hopelessly misguided navigations of Hampton Court’s famed hedge maze, provided Jerome’s contemporaries with a muchneeded vacation from solemnity.

At a time when critics and educators still demanded that literature present some elevating moral, Jerome merely paid lip service to “the lesson that the story teaches.” He drifted instead from commentary on “the natural cussedness of things in general” upon arising too early on vacation, to the “natural obstinacy of all things in this world,” when a boat fails to obey its captains. Readers were not accustomed to descriptions of their own frustrations in a vernacular that comically deflated the significance of their grievances. The novelty of Jerome’s prose and the fresh depiction of middle-class mores helped make “Three Men in a Boat” a fabulous success and the author a wealthy man. As usual, the critics were less kind, lambasting Jerome for lowbrow sentimentality, vulgarity, his use of slang, and the “poverty of the life [the book] only too faithfully reflects.” For readers who were flattered to see their own human failings described in print, such ‘faithful reflection’ was exactly the point. The reviews stung Jerome, who never completely abandoned the pieties of his youth. He was baffled by critics responding to his book’s popularity as if “the British Empire was in danger.”

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Writing nearly seventy years after “Three Men in a Boat” was published, critic V. S. Pritchett praised Jerome for seeing “that one of the funniest things a human being has is his conscience.” Indeed, Jerome’s characters’ hypocrisies, their pettiness, and their ironic observations throw into comic relief fundamental truths of human nature. Perhaps such revelations are responsible for the long-standing appeal of Jerome’s work across the globe.

2.Find the Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations. Be ready to define the meanings of some of them in English and remember the context they are used in.

1.to envision; 2. a travelogue; 3. a stand-in; 4. a jaundiced view;

5.a dosshouse; 6. inveterate; 7. bibulous; 8. to be conjured to life;

9.to purport; 10. a craze (for sth.); 11. vernacular; 12. a foible; 13. a yarn-spinner; 14. to pay lip service to sth.; 15. mores; 16. to lambaste;

17.a revelation

3.Answer the following questions.

1.What proves that “Three Men in a Boat” remains a comic classic?

2.What were Jerome’s initial plans when intending to write a travelogue and what influenced his plans later?

3.Who were George’s, Harris’s and Montmorency’s real-life counterparts?

4.What makes the soul of the book?

5.What are the hallmarks of Jerome’s style?

6.Why was the book a success with readers while critics lambasted it?

7.What is the long-lasting appeal of Jerome’s novel?

4.Translate from English into Russian the passage from “The many mishaps unfold …” to “…was in danger.”

5.Be ready to speak about:

Jerome K. Jerome’s biography;

Jerome K. Jerome’s style and literary works;

the late Victorian age and Jerome’s contemporaries.

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PART TWO

UNIT TWO

VOCABULARY SECTION

1.Fill in the gaps with the appropriate function words.

1.Thestudentsdidacomputersearch…allthehyphenatedwords.

2.Their business has suffered … lack … investment.

3.The reason … the flood was all that heavy rain.

4.The results of the study point … some specific areas for further research.

5.At yesterday’s meetingAlex made a few rather strange remarks, which were … the point. But Mike’s suggestion was very much … the point.

6.Beth is doing a correspondence course with Durham University … a result, she is having difficulty … her schoolwork this year.

7.In today’s news it is reported that a government official is mixed … … illegal activities.

8.They were arrested … suspicion … breaking into the shopping centre.

9.You have left … the most important thing in your explanation.

10.… a way I can see what you mean, but I disagree … some points with you.

11.The mayor said that there’s a growing need … new housing in this area.

12.The sound of the radio upstairs interferes … my work.

13.Old Mrs. Stanton has never interfered … her son’s affairs.

14.There is widespread resentment … the company’s management over their new policy.

15.I prefer old Hollywood films … black and white to new age blockbusters … colour.

2.Suggest the essential vocabulary items instead of their word-de- scriptions

1.to mention sth as an example to support your idea; 2. the state of being of a higher standard than others; 3. the state of not having sth or

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not having enough of sth; 4. very strict; 5. the beginning or origin of sth; 6. extremely large; 7. a feeling of anger about sth that you think is unfair; 8. the act of giving up your job or position; 9. to express or representsth;10.(aboutfactsorideas)changedsothattheyarenolongercorrect or true; 11. believing strongly that sth is right and true; 12. (formal) that can be understood; 13. to remove or get rid of sth; 14.greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate; 15. not confident about yourself or your relationships with other people; 16.to mention sth that you think is important: 17. a wish to have or be sth; 18. to confuse; 19. to feel skeptical about/of sth; 20. able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening; 21. to prevent sth from succeeding or from being done or happening as planned; 22. happening all the time or repeatedly; 23. to stop yourself from having sth you like or doing sth you very much want to do; 24. an account or a description of sth; 25. to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done.

3.Choose the right words to complete the sentences.

1.Bob’salwaysbeen(unconscious/self-conscious)aboutbeingsoshort.

2.Most people hate (constant/permanent) interruptions.

3.The views of the community were (reflected/reflective) in the local newspaper.

4.We have no (firm/constant) evidence to support the case.

5.The police are very unwilling to interfere (with/in) family problems.

6.We are making slow but (firm/steady) progress.

7.I still have (mixed/mixing) feelings about going to Brazil.

8.Beth never allows her personal feelings to interfere (in/with) her work.

9.Babies need (steady/constant) attention.

10.I cannot clearly remember all the events of that day — I must have lost (conscience/consciousness).

4.Translate from English into Russian.

1.Lucy made several interesting points in the article.

2.I’ll come straight to the point: we need more money.

3.You have a point — it would be better to wait till this evening.

4.The point of the lesson is to compare the two countries.

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5.We were on the point of giving up.

6.At this point I do not care what you may decide to do.

7.When it comes to the point, Ben always changes his mind.

8.All the signs point to a successful year ahead.

9.‘Goodnight. Sweet dreams.’

10.If I win, it will be a dream come true.

11.Ann walked around in a dream all day.

12.Ken dreams of running his own business.

13.Someone has mixed up all the application forms.

14.The play was given a mixed reception by the critics.

15.They drove away slowly to avoid arousing suspicion.

16.Dan’s offer was greeted with some suspicion.

17.Anumber of doctors came under suspicion of unethical behavior.

18.You have a very suspicious mind.

19.Their latest single sounds suspiciously like the last one.

20.Megan is very conscious of the problems involved.

21.I made a conscious effort to get there on time.

22.They have become increasingly health-conscious.

23.Consciously or unconsciously, you’ve made a choice.

24.Everybody is talking about John’s newly-developed political consciousness.

25.In summer the travel agents have a constant stream of visitors all day.

26.Fashion is constantly changing.

27.The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.

28.Bryan was charged with resisting arrest.

29.Gwen couldn’t resist showing off her new car.

30.The demonstrators offered little or no resistance to the police.

31.Elderly people are not always resistant to change.

32.I felt an irresistible urge to laugh.

33.They were irresistibly drawn to each other.

34.Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.

35.This incident reflects badly on everyone involved.

36.Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality.

37.Susan decided on reflection to accept Kevin’s offer after all.

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38.Charles made his point with admirable clarity.

39.I don’t agree with Trisha, but I admire her for sticking to her principles.

40.Michael is a great admirer of Picasso’s early paintings.

41.Judy never married but had many admirers.

5.Translate From Russian into English.

1.Интересно, осознаёт ли Аманда, что она под подозрением? Многие заметили, что последние несколько недель она всё время находится в плохом настроении. Я думаю, ей есть, что скрывать.

2.Неудачный подбор актёров совершенно испортил фильм. Несмотря на то, что сценарий был хороший, картина получилась посредственной.

3.Бен обычно держится в тени, и люди думают, что он робкий и застенчивый человек. Но оказывается, он любит сплетни, а ещё больше — вмешиваться в дела других людей.

4.Самым лучшим подарком был фонарик, размером с шариковую ручку. Джон не мог побороть искушения и тот час же схватил его, когда открыл коробочку.

5.Снимать фильмы было мечтой всей жизни этого всемирноизвестного режиссёра. Он боялся, что просто не подходит для этого. Сейчас он один из выдающихся режиссёров, и иногда снимается в небольших ролях в своих фильме. Если бы он тогда выбрал линию наименьшего сопротивления, мы бы никогда не узнали его как крупного художника, и он до сих пор играл бы в массовке.

6.Друзья решили воспользоваться свободным вечером и провести его в ближайшем модном клубе. Вечер прошёл великолепно. Ничто не могло помешать их веселью.

7.Никогда бы не подумал, что господин Браун такой плохой лектор. Он с трудом подбирал нужные слова. И, вообще, ему было сложно придерживаться сути вопроса. Кроме того, он говорил очень тихо и всё время подсматривал в свои записи.

8.На вашем месте я бы обратила внимание на этого молодого актёра. Мужественное лицо и неотразимая улыбка делают его очень привлекательным. К тому же у него есть преимущество

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