Заканчивание / Книга_заканчивание скважин
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 10.5 – Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
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ɒɢɮɪ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ |
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ɉɐɏ |
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ɉɐȽ |
ɒɉɐɋ-120 |
ɒɉɐɋ-200 |
ɍɒɐ1-120 |
ɍɒɐ |
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(ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ) |
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- |
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ɋȾȻ |
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0,1-0,5 % |
0,1-0,5 % |
0,3-0,5 % |
0,1-0,5 % |
0,1-0, |
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- |
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0,024-1,81 |
0,046-2,19 |
0,042-1,20 |
0,04-3,22 |
0,016 |
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ɄɆɐ |
0,5-2,0 %* |
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0,5-2,0 % |
0,5-2,0 % |
0,5-2,0 % |
0,5-2,0 % |
0,5-2, |
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0,186-55,2** |
0,15-59,4 |
0,094-55,2 |
0,11-52,1 |
0,025-62,7 |
0,19-3 |
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0,5-2,0 % |
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0,5-2,0 % |
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- |
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Ƚɢɩɚɧ |
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0,5-2,0 % |
0,5-2,0 % |
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0,049-6,37 |
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0,023-3,01 |
0,031-4,18 |
0,024-1,57 |
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- |
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ȼɄɄ |
- |
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0,3-0,5 % |
0,4-1,5 % |
0,4-1,5 % |
0,4-1,5 % |
0,4-1, |
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(ɋȼɄ) |
- |
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0,02-0,77 |
0,046-4,18 |
0,052-6,85 |
0,025-3,30 |
0,035 |
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ɉȼɋ-ɌɊ |
0,2-0,6 % |
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0,5-2,0 % |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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0,093-27,5 |
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0,041 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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1-3 % |
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2,73 % |
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- |
- |
- |
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0,045-2,42 |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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1-3 % |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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0,03-2,11 |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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1-3 % |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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0,08-6,68 |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Ȼɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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0,097-7,04 |
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0,26-2,94 |
0,048-2,08 |
0,077-10,45 |
0,02-1,96 |
0,086 |
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ȼɨɞɨɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɟ |
0,50 |
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0,50 |
0,43 |
0,40 |
0,35 |
0,35 |
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ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ȼ/ɐ |
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*Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ (%) ɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
** ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ, ɉɚ ɫ, ɜɬɨɪɨɟ – ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ, ɉɚ.
3
311
ɩɪɢ Re d 2300 – ɪɟɠɢɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ; ɩɪɢ Re > 2300 – ɪɟɠɢɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ.
Reɬ |
Zɬ dɜ |
U, |
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P |
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Reɡ |
Zɡ (D dɜ) |
U. |
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P |
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(10.28)
(10.29)
3. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ:
Oɡ |
64 , |
(10.30) |
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Re |
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ɩɪɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ: |
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Oɬ |
0,3164 . |
(10.31) |
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Re0,25 |
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4. Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ:
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h p |
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Z2 |
U |
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ɪɬ |
O |
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ɬ |
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; |
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(10.32) |
dɜ |
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2 |
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h p |
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Z2 |
U |
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ɪɡ |
O |
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ɡ |
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. |
(10.33) |
D - dɧ |
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2 |
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ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɢɡɚɛɨɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɦ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ
312
ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ Vɬ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɇɄɌ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ Vɤ.ɭ. ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ
Vɬ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ Vɡ.ɪ. = Vɤ.ɭ. - Vɬ. Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɇɄɌ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɤɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ Vɡ.ɮ. ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ (Vɡ.ɮ. < Vɡ.ɪ.), ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɫɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɇɄɌ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɟ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ.
10.7.ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ȼɇɂɂɄɊ ɧɟɮɬɢ.
1. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ:
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ɇɬ |
Q2 |
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t ɇmin , |
(10.34) |
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S D Wc |
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ɝɞɟ Q |
– ɨɫɟɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɪɭɛ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ; |
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Wɫ |
– ɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɟ ɦɨɫɬɚ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 10.6); |
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ɇmin |
– ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɦɨɫɬɚ. |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 10.6 - Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɫɬɚ |
grad |
ɪ, |
Wɫ, Ɇɉɚ |
313
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Ɇɉɚ/ɦ |
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ȼ ɨɛɫɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ: |
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- ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɜ ɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ; |
5,0 |
1,00 |
- ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ; |
2,0 |
0,50 |
- ɛɟɡ ɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɜ ɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ. |
1,0 |
0,05 |
ȼ ɧɟɨɛɫɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ: |
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- ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɜ ɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ; |
2,0 |
0,50 |
- ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ; |
1,0 |
0,05 |
- ɛɟɡ ɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɜ ɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ. |
0,5 |
0,01 |
2. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: |
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V |
ɇɬ F Vɬ (C0 C1 C2 C3 ), |
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(10.35) |
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ɝɞɟ |
F |
– ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ; |
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Vɬ |
– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɇɄɌ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ; |
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ɋ0 |
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, |
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ |
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ |
ɨɲɢɛɤɢ |
ɩɪɢ |
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ɩɪɨɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɦɩɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ: ɟɫɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ |
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ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɋ0 = 0,02- |
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0,03, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɋ0 = 0; ɋ1, ɋ2, ɋ3 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ |
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(Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 10.7). |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 10.7 – Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ |
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Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ |
ɞɥɹ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ |
ɞɥɹ |
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ɜɨɞɚ |
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ɧɟɬ |
ɜɨɞɚ |
ɧɟɬ |
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ɬɪɭɛ ɫ |
ɜɵɫɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ |
ɇɄɌ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ |
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ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɤɨɧɰɚɦɢ |
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ɬɢɩ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ |
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ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ |
ɋ1 |
0,01 |
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0,03 |
- |
0,01 |
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ɬɪɭɛ |
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ɉɨɬɟɪɢ |
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ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ |
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ |
ɜ |
ɋ2 |
0,02 |
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0,04 |
0,01 |
0,02 |
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ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ |
ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ |
ɫ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɣ |
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ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ I ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ |
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Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɧɚ II ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ |
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ɋ3 |
0,02 |
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0,03 |
0,01 |
0,02 |
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ɉɨɬɟɪɢ |
ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ |
ɩɪɢ |
ɋ4 |
0,02 |
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- |
0,02 |
- |
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ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ |
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Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɦɭ |
ɋ5 |
0,40 |
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- |
0,40 |
- |
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ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɭ |
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314
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3. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ: |
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V V |
§ |
Hɬ f C |
C |
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· |
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¨1 |
3 |
¸, |
(10.36) |
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ɩ |
ɬ |
¨ |
1 |
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¸ |
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© |
Vɬ |
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¹ |
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ɝɞɟ |
f – ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛ. |
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4. Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ |
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(VV1) ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɝɨ (VV2), ɪɚɜɧɵ: |
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VV1 |
VV 2 |
C4 Vɬ C5 ɇɬ F, |
(10.37) |
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ɝɞɟ |
ɋ4, ɋ5 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 10.7). |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɦɨɫɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ), ɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ (Wɫ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
10.8Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɦɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɇ0 ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɹɬɢɹ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
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1 |
§ |
Ʉ |
1 |
ɪ |
ɫɦ |
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· |
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H |
0 |
d |
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¨ |
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U |
ɰ |
U |
ɠ |
ɇ U |
ɰ |
U |
ɛ |
h'¸, |
(10.38) |
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Uɠ |
¨ |
1- Ʉ2 g |
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¸ |
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© |
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¹ |
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315
ɝɞɟ Uɠ |
– |
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɤɝ/ɦ3; |
ɪɫɦ |
– |
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɹɬɢɹ ɬɪɭɛ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɇ, ɉɚ; |
Uɰ |
– |
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɡɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ, ɤɝ/ɦ3; |
Uɛ |
– |
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɡɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ, ɤɝ/ɦ3; |
ɇ |
– |
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɦ; |
h' |
– |
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬ - ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɡɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ, ɦ; |
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ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 9,81 ɦ/ɫ2. |
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g |
– |
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316
11.ɌȿɏɇɂɄȺ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ɂ ɈɏɊȺɇȺ ɈɄɊɍɀȺɘɓȿɃ ɋɊȿȾɕ ɉɊɂ ɁȺɄȺɇɑɂȼȺɇɂɂ ɋɄȼȺɀɂɇ
ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɤ ɪɹɞɭ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɡɚ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ (ɦɟɬɚɧ, ɞɜɭɨɤɢɫɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɡɚɤɢɫɶ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
ɋɛɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ, ɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ, ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɟ, ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ
ɫɪɟɞɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ |
ɞɨɛɵɱɚ, |
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ, ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ |
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ |
ɜɡɪɵɜɨ-, |
ɩɨɠɚɪɨ- ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ |
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. |
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Ʉɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɪɨɦɟɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ:
-ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɬɟɱɟɤ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ;
-ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
-ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɦɟɪɡɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
317
ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɭ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɸ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɚɦɛɚɪɚɯ.
11.1Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ - ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ; ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɥɨɦɚ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɫɨɪɚ; ɫɧɹɬɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ; ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵɢɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɢɯ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɬɨ ɫɪɨɤ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɞɥɟɧ, |
ɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ |
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ɛɭɪɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ. |
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ (ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɫɧɹɬ) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.
11.2.Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɞɪ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɩɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɭ
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ɮɥɸɢɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɭɬɹɠɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ; ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɞɪ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɛɭɪɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ȺȼɉȾ; ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɟɩɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɟɫɬɢɫɶ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ, ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɛɭɪɨɜɵɯ, ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɥɢɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɟɦɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɥɳ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɤɨɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɵɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɦ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ, ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɤɪɟɩɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɨɪɨɞɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɡɚɡɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ "ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ - ɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɚ" ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɪɟɩɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɞɨ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɮɨɧɞ.
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ɉɪɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɡɨɧ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜɢɥɢ ɡɨɧ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ.
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɜɲɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɨɧɟɮɬɟɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 6 % ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɧɚ100 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɨɛɫɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɦɨɫɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɸɫ 100 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɲɟ"ɤɪɨɜɥɢ" ɩɥɚɫɬɚ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ, ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɦɨɫɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɵ, ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ.
ɐɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɦɨɫɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ (ɫɦɹɬɢɹ, ɩɨɬɟɪɬɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɪɵɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ 100 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɧɚ 50 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ.
ɐɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɚɦ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɱɟɪɟɡ 6 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɪɟɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɠɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
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