Ординатура / Офтальмология / Учебные материалы / Vitreo-retinal Surgery Springer
.pdf
additional knowledge about the significance of autofluorescence in these patients is required. However, if further studies confirm that free graft translocation does prevent recurrent RPE atrophy, this treatment might not only be beneficial for the patients, but also revitalize discussions on the pathophysiology of dry AMD.
Summary for the Clinician
■The translocation of a full-thickness graft usually results in a vascularized and functioning graft in patients with geographic atrophy.
■A longer follow-up is necessary to learn about the long-term survival and functionality of the graft.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Sandra Joeres, MD; Florian Heussen, BS; and Nader Fawzy, BS for excellent patient follow-up.
References
1.Algvere PV, Berglin L, Gouras P, Sheng Y, Kopp ED. Transplantation of RPE in age-related macular degeneration: observations in disciform lesions and dry RPE atrophy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1997;235:149–158.
2.Bellmann C, Jorzik J, Spital G, Unnebrink K, Pauleikhoff D, Holz FG. Symmetry of bilateral lesions in geographic atrophy in patients with agerelated macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:579–584.
3.Cahill MT, Mruthyunjaya P, Bowes Rickman C, Toth CA. Recurrence of retinal pigment epithelial changes after macular translocation with 360 degrees peripheral retinectomy for geographic atrophy. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:935–938.
4.Eckardt C, Eckardt U. Macular translocation in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2002;22:786–794.
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HE. Fundus autofluorescence and development of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:1051–1056.
6.Joussen AM, Heussen FMA, Joeres S, Llacer H, Prinz B, Rohrschneider K, Maaijwee KJM, van Meurs J, Kirchhof B. Autologous translocation of the choroid and RPE in age related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;142:17–30.
7.Joussen AM, Joeres S, Fawzy N, Heussen FMA, Llacer H, van Meurs J, Kirchhof B. Autologous translocation of the choroid and RPE in patients with geographic atrophy. Ophthalmology, accepted for publication.
8.Khurana RN, Fujii GY, Walsh AC, Humayun MS, de Juan E Jr, Sadda SR. Rapid recurrence of geographic atrophy after full macular translocation for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2005;112:1586–1591.
9.Kim SY, Sadda S, Humayun MS, de Juan E Jr, Melia BM, Green WR. Morphometric analysis of the macula in eyes with geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2002;22:464–470.
10.Lappas A, Weinberger AWA, Foerster AMH, Kube T, Kirchhof B. Iris pigment epithelium translocation in age related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Exp Clin Ophthalmol 2000;238:631–641.
11.Lappas A, Foerster AM, Weinberger AW, Coburger S, Schrage NF, Kirchhof B. Translocation of iris pigment epithelium in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration: longterm results. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004;242:638–647.
12.Owen CG, Fletcher AE, Donoghue M, Rudnicka AR. How big is the burden of visual loss caused by age related macular degeneration in the United Kingdom? Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:312–317.
13.Peyman GA, Blinder KJ, Paris CJ, Alturki W, Nelson NC, Desai U. A technique for retinal pigment epithelium transplantation for age-related macular degeneration secondary to extensive subfoveal scarring. Ophthalmic Surg 1991;22:102.
14.Schatz H, Mc Donald R. Atrophic macular degeneration: rate of spread of geographic atrophy and visual loss. Ophthalmology 1989;96:1541–1551.
152 Autologous Translocation of the Choroid and RPE in Patients with Geographic Atrophy
15.Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Bultmann S, Dreyhaupt J, Bindewald A, Holz FG, Rohrschneider K. Fundus autofluorescence and fundus perimetry in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:4470–4476.
16.Scholl HP, Bellmann C, Dandekar SS, Bird AC, Fitzke FW. Photopic and scotopic fine matrix mapping of retinal areas of increased fundus autofluorescence in patients with age-related maculopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:574–583.
17.Stanga PE, Kychenthal A, Fitzke FW, Halfyard AS, Chan R, Bird AC, Aylward GW. Retinal pigment epithelium translocation after choroidal neovascular membrane removal in age-re- lated macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2002;109:1492–1498.
18.Sunness JS, Gonzales-Baron J, Applegate CA, et al. Enlargement of atrophy and visual acuity loss in the geographic atrophy form of agerelated macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1768–1779.
19.Thumann G, Aisenbrey S, Schraermeyer U, et al. Transplantation of autologous iris pigment epithelium after removal of choroidal neovascular membranes. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:1350–1355.
20.Van Meurs JC. Retinal pigment epithelium and choroid translocation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. In: Kirchhof B, Wong D (eds) Essentials of ophthalmology: vitreoretinal surgery. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2005; pp 73–87.
21.Van Meurs JC, Van Den Biesen PR. Autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroid translocation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration: short-term follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;136:688–695.
22.Weisz JM, Humayun MS, De Juan E Jr, Del Cerro M, Sunness JS, Dagnelie G, Soylu M, Rizzo L, Nussenblatt RB. Allogenic fetal retinal pigment epithelial cell transplant in a patient with geographic atrophy. Retina 1999;19:540–545.
12
Subject Index
20-gauge vitreous cutter |
102 |
|
B |
|
|
– biopsy 109 |
|
|
||
25-gauge vitrectomy |
|
|
|
|
ciliary body tumors 102 |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
system 85, 89 |
|
|
|
B-scan ultrasonography 101 |
|
ciliary melanomas 110 |
||||
25-gauge vitrectomy |
|
bacillus species 56 |
|
|
ciprofloxacin |
72 |
|
|
||
technique 99 |
|
|
bacteria 79 |
|
|
Cloque’s canal |
116 |
|
||
5-fluorouracil (5FU) 33, 34 |
bacterial exotoxins |
80 |
|
coagulase-negative |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
best corrected visual acuity |
|
staphylococci |
74 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
(BCVA) 21 |
|
|
conjunctiva 86, 89 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
binocular indirect |
|
|
conjunctival chemosis 71 |
|||
A |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
ophthalmomicroscope |
|
contact lens 46, 93 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
abscess removal 75 |
|
|
(BIOM) 46, 92 |
|
|
cornea 60 |
|
|
|
|
absent red reflex |
71 |
|
|
blood–retinal barrier |
|
corneal edema 71 |
|
|||
achromobacter |
|
|
|
breakdown 34 |
|
|
corneal epithelium 59 |
|||
xylosoxidans |
79 |
|
|
Bruch’s membrane |
146, 150 |
|
corticosteroids 66 |
|
||
age-related macular |
|
|
|
|
|
cryotherapy 137, 138, 145 |
||||
degeneration (AMD) |
143 |
|
|
|
|
crystalline lens 46, 61 |
||||
air–fluid exchange 44 |
|
|
|
|
|
cystoid macular edema 56, |
||||
|
|
C |
|
|||||||
amelanotic melanoma 109 |
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
amyloidosis 117 |
|
|
|
capsulectomy 54, 61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
anterior chamber 60 |
|
cataract 7, 13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
antibiotics 66 |
|
|
cataract extraction |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
||||
antibiotics sensitivity |
|
cataract surgery 69, 70, 75, 80 |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
testing 74 |
|
|
cefazolin 72 |
|
|
daunomycin 37 |
|
|
||
anticoagulants 145 |
|
|
ceftazidime 76, 79 |
|
|
Densiron 22, 26 |
|
|
||
aphakia 138 |
|
|
|
chandelier system |
91 |
|
Densiron-68 24 |
|
|
|
aspiration vacuum 87 |
|
|
chorio-retinopathy |
11 |
|
Descemet’s folds |
60, 61 |
|||
aspirin 145 |
117 |
|
|
choriocapillaris 144, 148 |
|
detached retina |
61, 63 |
|||
asteroid hyalosis |
|
|
chorioretinal scar 126 |
|
diabetes mellitus |
70, 79 |
||||
atrophic holes 136 |
|
|
choroidal atrophy |
144 |
|
diabetic retinopathy |
96 |
|||
atrophy 143, 146, 148 |
|
|
choroidal detachment 72 |
|
dialyses 134 |
|
|
|
||
autologous platelet concentrate |
|
choroidal hemangiomas 99 |
|
disomy 3 melanomas |
110 |
|||||
(APC) 9 |
|
|
|
choroidal melanomas 99, 110, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
autologous serum 9 |
|
113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
autologous whole blood |
|
choroidal metastasis 107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
E |
|
|
|
|||||
(AWB) 24 |
|
|
|
choroidal neovascularization |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
(CNV) 146, 150 |
|
Early Treatment Diabetic |
||||
|
|
|
|
choroidal nevi 99 |
|
|
Retinopathy Study |
|||
|
|
|
|
choroidal tumor 99, 108, 109 |
|
(ETDRS) 145 |
|
|||
154 |
Subject Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
echography 101 |
|
|
|
fundus autofluorescence |
147 |
inflammatory debris load 59 |
||||||||||||
|
edema 59 |
|
|
|
|
fundus autofluorescence |
|
|
inner limiting membrane |
||||||||||
|
EIBOS 46 |
|
|
|
|
imaging 5 |
|
|
|
– |
(ILM) 10, 19, 95 |
|
|||||||
|
elimination of aqueous 48 |
|
fundus controlled |
|
|
indocyanine green (ICG)- |
|||||||||||||
|
emmetropic eyes |
116 |
|
perimetry |
150 |
|
|
|
|
assisted |
95 |
|
|
||||||
|
endo-illumination 90 |
|
fundus fluorescein |
|
|
– |
peeling |
10 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
endo-laser 130 |
53, 54, 55, 56, |
|
angiography 5 |
148 |
inner limiting membrane |
|||||||||||||
|
endophthalmitis |
|
fundus microperimetry |
|
|
peeling |
11 |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
– |
57, 58, 62, 67, 69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
– |
technique |
11 |
|
|
||||
|
|
maculopathy |
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intracameral adrenalin |
61 |
||||||
|
|
– |
organisms |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intraocular bacteria 70 |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
G |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
– |
vitrectomy for |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
intraocular gas bubble |
127 |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy |
|
gas tamponade 6, 64 |
|
|
intraocular lymphomas 110 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
Study (EVS) 56, 58, 75 |
|
gram-positive bacteria 72 |
|
intraocular pressure 13, 48 |
||||||||||||
|
|
endotamponade 41 |
|
|
gram-positive |
|
|
|
intraocular tamponade 8 |
||||||||||
|
endotoxin 53 |
|
|
|
|
staphylococci 74 |
|
|
intraocular trauma |
37 |
|
||||||||
|
enterococcus |
|
|
|
|
granulocytes |
74 |
|
|
intraocular tumor |
101 |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
endophthalmitis 73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
intraocular tumor biopsy 104 |
|||||||||
|
|
enterococcus faecalis |
79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
intraretinal cyst 3 |
|
|
|||||||
|
enucleation 110 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intraretinal schisis |
3 |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
H |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
enzyme 53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intravitreal antibiotics |
80 |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
epiretinal membranes 19 |
|
haemophilus influenzae |
79 |
Invertertube 93, 94 |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
– |
peeling 19 |
|
|
|
halogen light source 92 |
|
|
iridocyclectomy 102 |
|
||||||||
|
|
ETDRS acuity 7 |
|
|
Hartmann’s solution 35 |
|
|
iris melanomas 105 |
|
||||||||||
|
exotoxin 53, 69 |
|
|
|
heavier-than-water |
|
|
iris tumors |
102, 103, 105 |
||||||||||
|
eyelid chemosis 71 |
|
|
endotamponade 20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
heavier than water silicone oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(HSO) 22, 25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
– removal 25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hemorrhage |
60, 67, 105 |
|
|
lacuna formation 116 |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
fibrin 34 |
|
|
|
|
heparin 35 |
116 |
|
|
laser demarcation |
137 |
20, 136 |
|||||||
|
fibronectin 35 |
|
|
|
high myopia |
134 |
laser photocoagulation |
||||||||||||
|
fine needle aspiration biopsy |
|
horseshoe-shaped tears |
laser retinopexy 138 |
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
(FNAB) 102 |
|
|
|
hyaluronidase 76 |
|
|
lensectomy 61 |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
floaterectomy |
117 |
|
|
hydrodissection 145 |
|
|
light pipe 87, 91 |
|
|
||||||||
|
floaters 116 |
|
|
|
|
hyperfluorescence 5 |
|
|
lipofuscin pigment |
99 |
|
||||||||
|
fluid–air exchange 25, 43 |
|
hypopyon 71, 81 |
|
|
long-term tamponade |
131 |
||||||||||||
|
fluorescein angiography 101, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
loose debris 60 |
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
low molecular weight heparin |
||||||
|
Fluoron 24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(LMWH) 33 |
|
|
||||
|
|
72 |
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
fluoroquinolone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
Foerster cross |
148 |
|
|
immunosuppression 70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
forceps 88, 89 |
|
|
|
|
indirect ophthalmoscopy |
46, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
M |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
fovea centralis |
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
foveal retinal pigment |
indocyanine green (ICG) |
11, |
macula detachment 45 |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
epithelium (RPE) |
20 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
macular hole |
1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 19 |
||||||||
|
|
free autologous graft |
146 |
|
indocyanine green (ICG)- |
|
– |
full-thickness hole 3 |
|||||||||||
|
|
– |
autofluorescence 146 |
|
staining of ILM 95 |
|
|
– |
impending |
2 |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
free graft 145 |
|
|
|
|
inferior breaks |
125 |
|
|
– |
occult hole |
3 |
|
|
||||
|
|
free graft translocation 150 |
|
inferior retina |
126 |
|
|
– |
spontaneous regression 4 |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Subject Index |
155 |
– |
surgery 19 |
surgery system |
pseudomonas aeroginosa 79 |
|
|
– |
visual recovery 13 |
(OFFISS) |
92, 94 |
pseudophakia 138 |
|
macular hole (MH) surgery 95 |
orbital tumor |
102 |
pseudophakic retinal |
|
|
macular hypopyon |
55, 57, 59 |
|
outpatient fluid–gas exchange |
|
detachment 126 |
||||||
macular pucker 37 |
|
(FGEX) 20 |
|
|
pus accumulation 63 |
||||||
macular translocation 96 |
|
overfilling the eye 48 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
malignant neoplasms 105 |
Oxane HD 21, 22, 27, 28 |
|
|
|
|
||||||
matrix metalloproteinases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
R |
|
|
||||
(MMPs) 34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
mean fixation point |
|
P |
|
|
|
Radner test |
144, 148 |
||||
(MFP) |
148 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
retinal atrophy |
144 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
melanoma |
101, 104, 105, 108 |
|
“proportional pars plana |
|
retinal breaks |
125 |
|||||
mepivacaine 76 |
|
|
vitrectomy” [PPPV] |
60 |
|
retinal detachment 36, 37, 43, |
|||||
metamorphopsia 4 |
|
pain 71 |
|
|
65, 134 |
|
|
||||
metastasis |
104 |
|
|
panophthalmitis 64 |
|
|
retinal fold |
44, 45, 48 |
|||
microperimetry 150 |
paracentral scotomata |
10, 11 |
|
retinal pigment epithelial |
|||||||
microplasmin |
96 |
|
pars plana vitrectomy |
|
|
(RPE) cells |
34 |
||||
micropsia |
4 |
|
|
|
(PPV) 10, 19, 24, 75, 79, 85, |
|
retinal pigment |
||||
microvitreoretinal blade 90 |
118, 120, 126, 140 |
|
|
epithelium |
137, 143 |
||||||
monosomy 3 110 |
|
|
– instruments 85 |
|
|
retinoblastoma 113 |
|||||
Moorfields Macular Hole |
|
penetrating trauma 33 |
|
|
retinopexy |
13, 130, 136 |
|||||
Study (MMHS) |
7 |
|
perfluorocarbon liquid |
|
|
retinoschisis 129, 134 |
|||||
mouches volantes |
115, 116 |
|
(PFCL) 42, 44, 49, 96, 129 |
|
retinotomy |
41, 109, 145 |
|||||
Muller cell |
2 |
|
|
|
perfluorohexyloctane |
|
|
retrobulbar block 104 |
|||
multicystic iridociliary |
|
(F6H8) 20, 44, 96 |
|
|
rhegmatogenous retinal |
||||||
tumor 103 |
|
|
|
perfluoropropane gas 8 |
|
detachment (RRD) 109, |
|||||
myopia 1, 14, 136 |
|
peripheral nasal–visual field |
125, 128, 133, 134 |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
defects 12 |
|
|
|
rheopheresis 145 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
peripheral vitrectomy 8 |
|
ruthenium plaque 104 |
||||
|
|
|
|
persistent subfoveal |
|
|
ruthenium plaque |
||||
N |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
detachment 140 |
|
|
brachytherapy 111 |
||||
National Eye Institute Visual |
|
personality traits 121 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Function Questionnaire |
phacoemulsification 61, 79 |
|
|
|
|
||||||
(NEIVFQ-39) 121 |
photocoagulation 145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
S |
|
|
|||||||
Nd:YAG vitreolysis 120 |
phototoxic injury 12 |
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
necrosis 63, 71 |
|
|
plasmin 96 |
|
137 |
|
“subclinical retinal |
||||
– of the retina 71 |
|
|
pneumatic retinopexy |
|
detachment” (SCRD) 133 |
||||||
neo-macula 144 |
|
|
post-vitrectomy fibrin |
|
|
“Sutureless” wounds 89 |
|||||
neodym-YAG laser 120 |
|
formation 35 |
|
|
scissors 88 |
|
|
||||
nevus 108 |
|
|
|
|
posterior capsulorhexis 117 |
|
sclera 86, 89 |
|
|||
nuclear sclerosis 119 |
posterior hyaloid 19 |
|
|
scleral buckle |
136 |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
posterior vitreous detachment |
|
scleral buckling 36, 138, 140 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
(PVD) 59, 116 |
|
|
sclerotomy |
46, 48, 105, 129 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
prednisolone |
76 |
|
|
scotoma 4, 148 |
||
O |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
pressure plate |
88 |
|
|
septicemia |
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
ocular redness |
71 |
|
|
proliferative vitreoretinopathy |
|
Serratia 56 |
|
|
|||
opaque media |
72 |
|
|
(PVR) 33, 126, 129, 144 |
|
sickle cell retinopathy 119 |
|||||
optical coherence tomography |
|
Proteus 56 |
|
|
|
silicone oil |
42, 46, 48, 65, 96 |
||||
(OCT) |
1, 6, 23, 139 |
|
pseudoholes 5 |
|
|
– injection |
48 |
||||
optical fiber-free intravitreal |
|
Pseudomonas |
56 |
|
|
silicone oil exchange 35 |
|||||
156 |
Subject Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
silicone oil tamponade |
8, 20 |
|
transparent eye model |
Vitrectomy for Prevention of |
||||||||||
|
slippage 41, 46 |
|
|
chamber 47 |
|
|
|
Macular Hole (VPMH) 6 |
|||||||
|
slitlamp biomicroscopy |
118 |
|
trauma 1 |
|
|
|
vitreo-foveal traction |
2 |
|
|||||
|
Snellen acuity 7 |
|
|
triamcinolone 62 |
|
vitreoretinal interface |
12 |
|
|||||||
|
Snellen visual acuity 121 |
|
triamcinolone acetonide |
vitreoretinopathy |
13, 96 |
|
|||||||||
|
staphylococcus 56 |
|
|
(TA) 24, 95 |
|
|
vitreoschisis 59 |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
staphylococcus aureus |
72, 79 |
|
trocar 86 |
|
|
|
vitreous cavity |
42, 47, 76, 137 |
||||||
|
staphylococcus epidermidis |
|
trocar system |
85 |
|
vitreous cutter |
86, 90 |
|
|
||||||
|
|
endophthalmitis 73 |
|
|
trypan blue dye |
12 |
|
vitreous detachment |
125 |
|
|||||
|
|
streptococcus species 56 |
|
tumor enlargement |
110 |
vitreous floaters 115 |
35, 64 |
|
|||||||
|
subclinical retinal detachment |
|
|
|
|
|
vitreous hemorrhage |
|
|||||||
|
|
(SCRD) 134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
vitreous opacity 116, 121, 138 |
||||||
|
|
subretinal fluid 44, 45, 133, |
|
|
|
|
|
vitreous separation |
62 |
|
|||||
|
|
|
U |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
137, 139 |
|
|
|
|
|
vitreous syneresis |
125 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
sulfahexafluoride 8 |
|
|
ultrasonography |
57 |
|
vitritis 71 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
systemic antibiotics 58 |
|
|
uveal lymphoma |
112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
uveal tumor biopsy 99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
uveal tumors 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
T |
|
|
uveitis 81, 119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
uveitis, vitreous |
|
|
warfarin 145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
tamponade agent 127, 130 |
|
haemmorhage 117 |
Watzke-Allen slit beam test |
5 |
||||||||||
|
tantalum markers 104, 105 |
|
uveitis anterior 71 |
|
Weiss ring 4 |
|
|
|
|
46, |
|||||
|
temporary keratoprosthesis |
|
|
|
|
|
wide-angle viewing system |
||||||||
|
|
(TKP) 60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts 35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
tetracaine 76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
TGF-β2 9 |
|
|
vancomycin 76, 79 |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
– nonbovine 9 |
|
|
Van de Waal’s forces |
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
thymidylate synthetase |
|
vasculitis 119 |
|
|
xanthophyll pigment |
4 |
|
||||||
|
tissue inhibitors of |
|
|
viscoelastics |
61 |
|
|
xenon illumination |
92 |
|
|||||
|
|
metalloproteinases |
|
|
visual acuity |
3, 4, 140 |
– with yellow filter |
92 |
|
||||||
|
|
(TIMPs) 34 |
|
visual acuity testing |
115 |
xenon light source |
87, 91 |
|
|||||||
|
|
tissue melting 64 |
|
visual field defects 13, 95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
topical corticosteroid |
|
|
Visual Function Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
therapy 64 |
|
|
(VF-14) 121 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
trabeculectomy 56 |
|
|
visual loss 71, 81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
transforming growth factor- |
|
vitamin substitution |
145 |
Zeiss microscope |
93 |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
beta 2 (TGF-β2) 9 |
|
|
vitrectomy 6, 36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- #
- #28.03.202639.38 Mб0The Wills eye manual office and emergency room diagnosis and treatment of eye disease Adam T. Gerstenblith, Michael P. Rabinowitz.chm
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- #
- #
- #
- #
- #28.03.202614.01 Кб0[Офтальмология] Jack J. Kanski Джек Дж. Кански - Клиническая офтальмология систематизированный подход [2006, PDF DjVu, RUS] [rutracker-5395873].torrent
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