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Файл:Ординатура / Офтальмология / Учебные материалы / Section 4 Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors 2015-2016.pdf
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- •Contents
- •General Introduction
- •Objectives
- •Organization
- •Topography
- •Disease Process
- •General Diagnosis
- •Differential Diagnosis
- •2 Wound Repair
- •General Aspects of Wound Repair
- •Healing in Specific Ocular Tissues
- •Cornea
- •Sclera
- •Limbus
- •Uvea
- •Lens
- •Retina
- •Vitreous
- •Eyelid, Orbit, and Lacrimal Tissues
- •Histologic Sequelae of Ocular Trauma
- •3 Specimen Handling
- •Communication
- •Orientation
- •Transillumination
- •Gross Dissection
- •Processing and Staining
- •Fixatives
- •Tissue Processing
- •Tissue Staining
- •4 Special Procedures
- •Immunohistochemistry
- •Flow Cytometry
- •Molecular Pathology
- •Diagnostic Electron Microscopy
- •Special Techniques
- •Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
- •Frozen Section
- •5 Conjunctiva
- •Topography
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Choristomas
- •Hamartomas
- •Inflammations
- •Papillary Versus Follicular Conjunctivitis
- •Granulomatous Conjunctivitis
- •Infectious Conjunctivitis
- •Noninfectious Conjunctivitis
- •Pyogenic Granuloma
- •Degenerations
- •Pinguecula and Pterygium
- •Amyloid Deposits
- •Epithelial Inclusion Cyst
- •Neoplasia
- •Squamous Lesions
- •Melanocytic Lesions
- •Lymphocytic Lesions
- •Glandular Lesions
- •Other Neoplasms
- •6 Cornea
- •Topography
- •Introduction to Corneal Pathology
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy
- •Posterior Polymorphous Dystrophy
- •Dermoid
- •Peters Anomaly
- •Inflammations
- •Infectious Keratitis
- •Noninfectious Keratitis
- •Degenerations and Dystrophies
- •Degenerations
- •Dystrophies
- •Neoplasia
- •7 Anterior Chamber and Trabecular Meshwork
- •Topography
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Primary Congenital Glaucoma
- •Anterior Segment Dysgenesis
- •Degenerations
- •Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
- •Secondary Glaucoma With Material in the Trabecular Meshwork
- •8 Sclera
- •Topography
- •Episclera
- •Stroma
- •Lamina Fusca
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Choristoma
- •Nanophthalmos
- •Inflammations
- •Episcleritis
- •Scleritis
- •Degenerations
- •Senile Calcific Plaque
- •Scleral Staphyloma
- •Neoplasia
- •Fibrous Histiocytoma
- •Nodular Fasciitis
- •9 Lens
- •Topography
- •Capsule
- •Epithelium
- •Cortex and Nucleus
- •Zonular Fibers
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Congenital Aphakia
- •Lens Coloboma
- •Anterior Lenticonus (Lentiglobus)
- •Posterior Lenticonus (Lentiglobus)
- •Inflammations
- •Phacoantigenic Uveitis
- •Phacolytic Glaucoma
- •Propionibacterium acnes Endophthalmitis
- •Degenerations
- •Cataract and Other Abnormalities
- •Neoplasia and Associations With Systemic Disorders
- •Pathology of Intraocular Lenses
- •10 Vitreous
- •Topography
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Persistent Fetal Vasculature
- •Bergmeister Papilla
- •Mittendorf Dot
- •Prepapillary Vascular Loops
- •Vitreous Cysts
- •Inflammations
- •Degenerations
- •Syneresis and Aging
- •Posterior Vitreous Detachment
- •Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
- •Macular Holes
- •Hemorrhage
- •Asteroid Hyalosis
- •Vitreous Amyloidosis
- •Neoplasia
- •Intraocular Lymphoma
- •11 Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
- •Topography
- •Neurosensory Retina
- •Retinal Pigment Epithelium
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Albinism
- •Myelinated Nerve Fibers
- •Vascular Anomalies
- •Congenital Hypertrophy of the RPE
- •Inflammations
- •Infectious
- •Noninfectious
- •Degenerations
- •Typical and Reticular Peripheral Cystoid Degeneration and Retinoschisis
- •Lattice Degeneration
- •Paving-Stone Degeneration
- •Ischemia
- •Specific Ischemic Retinal Disorders
- •Diabetic Retinopathy
- •Retinopathy of Prematurity
- •Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- •Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
- •Macular Dystrophies
- •Diffuse Photoreceptor Dystrophies
- •Neoplasia
- •Retinoblastoma
- •Retinocytoma
- •Medulloepithelioma
- •Fuchs Adenoma
- •Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and RPE
- •Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas of the RPE
- •12 Uveal Tract
- •Topography
- •Iris
- •Ciliary Body
- •Choroid
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Aniridia
- •Coloboma
- •Inflammations
- •Infectious
- •Noninfectious
- •Degenerations
- •Rubeosis Iridis
- •Hyalinization of the Ciliary Body
- •Choroidal Neovascularization
- •Neoplasia
- •Iris
- •Choroid and Ciliary Body
- •Metastatic Tumors
- •Other Uveal Tumors
- •Trauma
- •13 Eyelids
- •Topography
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Distichiasis
- •Phakomatous Choristoma
- •Dermoid Cyst
- •Inflammations
- •Infectious
- •Noninfectious
- •Degenerations
- •Xanthelasma
- •Amyloid
- •Cysts
- •Epidermoid and Dermoid Cysts
- •Ductal Cysts
- •Neoplasia
- •Epidermal Neoplasms
- •Dermal Neoplasms
- •Appendage Neoplasms
- •Melanocytic Neoplasms
- •14 Orbit
- •Topography
- •Bony Orbit and Soft Tissues
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Dermoid and Other Epithelial Cysts
- •Inflammations
- •Noninfectious
- •Infectious
- •Degenerations
- •Amyloid
- •Neoplasia
- •Lacrimal Sac Neoplasia
- •Lacrimal Gland Neoplasia
- •Lymphoproliferative Lesions
- •Soft-Tissue Tumors
- •Vascular Tumors
- •Tumors With Fibrous Differentiation
- •Tumors With Muscle Differentiation
- •Nerve Sheath Tumors
- •Adipose Tumors
- •Bony Lesions of the Orbit
- •Metastatic Tumors
- •15 Optic Nerve
- •Topography
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •Colobomas
- •Inflammations
- •Infectious
- •Noninfectious
- •Degenerations
- •Optic Atrophy
- •Drusen
- •Neoplasia
- •Melanocytoma
- •Glioma
- •Meningioma
- •17 Melanocytic Tumors
- •Introduction
- •Iris Nevus
- •Nevus of the Ciliary Body or Choroid
- •Melanocytoma of the Iris, Ciliary Body, or Choroid
- •Iris Melanoma
- •Melanoma of the Ciliary Body or Choroid
- •Diagnostic Evaluation
- •Differential Diagnosis
- •Classification
- •Metastatic Evaluation
- •Treatment
- •Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
- •Pigmented Epithelial Tumors of the Uvea and Retina
- •Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma
- •Acquired Hyperplasia
- •Combined Hamartoma
- •18 Angiomatous Tumors
- •Hemangiomas
- •Choroidal Hemangiomas
- •Retinal Angiomas
- •Arteriovenous Malformation
- •19 Retinoblastoma
- •Genetic Counseling
- •Diagnostic Evaluation
- •Clinical Examination
- •Differential Diagnosis
- •Classification
- •Associated Conditions
- •Retinocytoma
- •Trilateral Retinoblastoma
- •Treatment
- •Enucleation
- •Chemotherapy
- •Photocoagulation and Hyperthermia
- •Cryotherapy
- •External-Beam Radiation Therapy
- •Plaque Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy)
- •Targeted Therapy
- •Spontaneous Regression
- •Prognosis
- •20 Ocular Involvement in Systemic Malignancies
- •Secondary Tumors of the Eye
- •Metastatic Carcinoma
- •Direct Intraocular Extension
- •Lymphomatous Tumors
- •Primary Intraocular Lymphoma
- •Uveal Lymphoid Infiltration
- •Ocular Manifestations of Leukemia
- •Basic Texts
- •Related Academy Materials
- •Requesting Continuing Medical Education Credit
cataract (Fig 9-15). These deposits are birefringent under polarized light.
Neoplasia and Associations With Systemic Disorders
There are no reported examples of neoplasms arising in the human lens. Premature opacification of the lens has been noted in many systemic disorders. See BCSC Section 11, Lens and Cataract.
Pathology of Intraocular Lenses
Placement of an intraocular lens following the removal of a cataract has become standard in most cases of cataract surgery. See BCSC Section 11, Lens and Cataract, for discussion of this topic.
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