Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Офтальмология / Учебные материалы / Section 10 Glaucoma 2015-2016.pdf
X
- •Contents
- •General Introduction
- •Objectives
- •1 Introduction to Glaucoma: Terminology, Epidemiology, and Heredity
- •Definitions
- •Classification
- •Open-Angle, Angle-Closure, Primary, and Secondary Glaucomas
- •Combined-Mechanism Glaucoma
- •Epidemiologic Aspects of Glaucoma
- •Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- •Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- •Genetics, Environmental Factors, and Glaucoma
- •Environmental Factors
- •Genetic Testing
- •Aqueous Humor Formation
- •Suppression of Aqueous Formation
- •Rate of Aqueous Formation
- •Aqueous Humor Outflow
- •Trabecular Outflow
- •Uveoscleral Outflow
- •Tonography
- •Episcleral Venous Pressure
- •Intraocular Pressure
- •Distribution in the Population and Relation to Glaucoma
- •Factors Influencing Intraocular Pressure
- •Diurnal Variation
- •Clinical Measurement of Intraocular Pressure
- •Infection Control in Clinical Tonometry
- •3 Clinical Evaluation
- •History and General Examination
- •Refraction
- •External Adnexae
- •Pupils
- •Biomicroscopy
- •Gonioscopy
- •Direct and Indirect Gonioscopy
- •Gonioscopic Assessment and Documentation
- •The Optic Nerve
- •Anatomy and Pathology
- •Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
- •Examination of the Optic Nerve Head
- •The Visual Field
- •Clinical Perimetry
- •Variables in Perimetry
- •Automated Static Perimetry
- •Interpretation of a Single Visual Field
- •Interpretation of a Series of Visual Fields
- •Patterns of Glaucomatous Nerve Loss
- •Manual Perimetry
- •Other Tests
- •4 Open-Angle Glaucoma
- •Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- •Clinical Features
- •Risk Factors for POAG Other Than IOP
- •Associated Disorders
- •Prognosis
- •Clinical Features
- •Differential Diagnosis
- •Diagnostic Evaluation
- •Prognosis and Therapy
- •The Glaucoma Suspect
- •Ocular Hypertension
- •Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- •Exfoliation Syndrome
- •Pigmentary Glaucoma
- •Lens-Induced Glaucoma
- •Intraocular Tumors
- •Ocular Inflammation and Secondary Glaucoma
- •Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure
- •Accidental and Surgical Trauma
- •Schwartz Syndrome (Schwartz-Matsuo Syndrome)
- •Drugs and Glaucoma
- •5 Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- •Introduction
- •Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Angle Closure
- •Pupillary Block
- •Angle Closure Without Pupillary Block
- •Lens-Induced Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- •Iris-Induced Angle Closure
- •Primary Angle Closure
- •Risk Factors for Developing Primary Angle Closure
- •Acute Primary Angle Closure
- •Subacute or Intermittent Angle Closure
- •Chronic Angle Closure
- •The Occludable, or Narrow, Anterior Chamber Angle
- •Plateau Iris
- •Secondary Angle Closure With Pupillary Block
- •Lens-Induced Angle Closure
- •Secondary Angle Closure Without Pupillary Block
- •Neovascular Glaucoma
- •Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
- •Tumors
- •Inflammation
- •Aqueous Misdirection
- •Nonrhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Uveal Effusions
- •Epithelial and Fibrous Ingrowth
- •Trauma
- •Retinal Surgery and Retinal Vascular Disease
- •Nanophthalmos
- •Persistent Fetal Vasculature
- •Flat Anterior Chamber
- •Drug-Induced Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- •6 Childhood Glaucoma
- •Classification
- •Genetics
- •Primary Congenital Glaucoma
- •Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma
- •Developmental Glaucomas of Childhood With Associated Ocular or Systemic Anomalies
- •Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome
- •Peters Anomaly
- •Aniridia
- •Sturge-Weber Syndrome
- •Neurofibromatosis
- •Secondary Glaucomas
- •Aphakic Glaucoma
- •Evaluating the Pediatric Glaucoma Patient
- •History
- •Visual Acuity
- •External Examination
- •Anterior Segment Examination
- •Tonometry
- •Central Corneal Thickness
- •Gonioscopy
- •Optic Nerve and Fundus Evaluation
- •Axial Length
- •Other Testing
- •Treatment Overview
- •Surgical Management
- •Medical Management
- •Prognosis and Follow-Up
- •7 Medical Management of Glaucoma
- •Medical Agents
- •Prostaglandin Analogues
- •β-Adrenergic Antagonists
- •Adrenergic Agonists
- •Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- •Parasympathomimetic Agents
- •Combined Medications
- •Hyperosmotic Agents
- •General Approach to Medical Treatment
- •Open-Angle Glaucoma
- •Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- •Administration of Ocular Medications
- •Use of Glaucoma Medications During Pregnancy or by Nursing Mothers
- •Use of Glaucoma Medications in Elderly Patients
- •Generic Medications
- •Compliance
- •8 Surgical Therapy for Glaucoma
- •Surgery for Open-Angle Glaucoma
- •Laser Trabeculoplasty
- •Incisional Surgery for Open-Angle Glaucomas
- •Combined Cataract and Filtering Surgery
- •Surgery for Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- •Laser Iridotomy
- •Laser Gonioplasty, or Peripheral Iridoplasty
- •Incisional Surgery for Angle Closure
- •Other Procedures to Lower IOP
- •Glaucoma Drainage Device Implantation
- •Ciliary Body Ablation Procedures
- •Nonpenetrating Glaucoma Surgery
- •Special Considerations in the Surgical Management of Elderly Patients
- •Basic Texts
- •Related Academy Materials
- •Requesting Continuing Medical Education Credit
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Glaucoma: Terminology, Epidemiology, and Heredity
Definitions
Glaucoma represents a group of diseases defined by a characteristic optic neuropathy that is consistent with excavation and undermining of the neural and connective tissue elements of the optic disc and by the eventual development of distinctive patterns of visual dysfunction. Although elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the primary risk factors, its presence or absence does not have a role in the definition of the disease. Normal aqueous humor flow in the eye is illustrated in Figure 1- 1.
Соседние файлы в папке Учебные материалы