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CHAPTER 52  ORBITAL TUMORS  415

KEY POINTS

Unilateral or bilateral proptosis usually requires imaging, especially if it is progressive.

CT of the orbit is generally easier to obtain and interpret than MRI.

CT is the recommended imaging modality for trauma, infection, and thyroid eye disease (Graves’ orbitopathy).

MRI is recommended for soft tissue processes, for imaging of the orbital apex/cavernous sinus, and for suspected intracranial processes.

Orbital lymphoid hyperplasia requires systemic monitoring identical to orbital lymphoma.

Well-tolerated, well-circumscribed lesions of the orbit can be followed conservatively with serial imaging alone in selected cases.

References

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22.Regine WF, Fontanese J, Kumar P, et al.: Local tumor control in rhabdomyosarcoma following low-dose irradiation: comparison of group II and select group III patients, Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 31:485–491, 1995.

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28.Tse DT, Kossler AL, Feuer WJ, Benedetto PW: Long-term outcomes of neoadjuvant intra-arterial cytoreductive chemotherapy for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, Ophthalmology 120:1313–1323, 2012.

http://ophthalmologyebooks.com

416OPHTHALMOLOGY SECRETS IN COLOR

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32.Shields CL, Shields JA, Peggs M: Tumors metastatic to the orbit, Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 4:73–80, 1988.

33.Medeiros LJ, Andrade RE, Harris NL, Cossman J: Lymphoid infiltrates of the orbit and conjunctiva: comparison of immunologic and gene rearrangement data [abstract], Lab Invest 60:61A, 1989.

34.Medeiros LJ, Harmon DC, Linggood RM, Harris NL: Immunohistologic features predict clinical behavior of orbital and conjunctival lymphoid infiltrates, Blood 74:2121–2129, 1989.

35.Medeiros JL, Harris NL: Lymphoid infiltrates of the orbit and conjunctiva: a morphologic and immunophenotypic study of 99 cases, Am J Surg Pathol 13:459–471, 1989.

36.Ferry JA, Fung CY, Zukerberg L, et al.: Lymphoma of the ocular adnexa: a study of 353 cases, Am J Surg Pathol 31:170–184, 2007.

37.Harris NL: Extranodal lymphoid infiltrates and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). A unifying concept [editorial], Am J Surg Pathol 15:879–884, 1991.

38.Knowles DM, Jakobiec FA: Ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms: clinical, histiopathologic, electron microscopic, and immunologic characteristics, Hum Pathol 13:148–162, 1982.

39.Murchison AP, Bilyk JR: Ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. In Black EV, Nesi FA, Calvano CJ, Gladstone GJ, Levine MR, editors: Smith and Nesi’s ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, New York, 2012, C.V. Mosby, pp 959–992.