OPHTHALMOLOGY SECRETS IN COLOR
FOURTH EDITION
JANICE A. GAULT, MD, FACS
Associate Surgeon, Cataract and Primary Eye Care
Wills Eye Hospital,
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
Eye Physicians PC
Voorhees, New Jersey
JAMES F. VANDER, MD
Attending Surgeon
Retina Service
Wills Eye Hospital;
Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
OPHTHALMOLOGY SECRETS IN COLOR, FOURTH EDITION |
ISBN: 978-0-323-32308-6 |
Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. |
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
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Previous editions copyrighted 2007 and 2002.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ophthalmology secrets in color / [edited by] Janice A. Gault, James F. Vander. -- Fourth edition.
p. ; cm. -- (Secrets series)
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-32308-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. Gault, Janice A., editor. II. Vander, James F., 1960-, editor. III.
Series: Secrets series. |
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To Caroline Anna, William Henry, and Eliza Avery
CONTRIBUTORS
Usiwoma Abugo, MD
Howard University Hospital
Washington, DC
Brandon D. Ayres, MD
Attending Physician
Cornea
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Amir A. Azari, MD
Assistant Surgeon
Ophthalmology
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Augusto Azuara-Blanco, PhD, FRCS(Ed), FRCOphth
Professor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Queen’s University Belfast
Belfast, Great Britain
Robert S. Bailey, Jr., MD
Director and Attending Surgeon
CPEC
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Vincent F. Baldassano, Jr., MD
Geisinger Health System
Danville, Pennsylvania
Caroline R. Baumal, MD, FRCSC
Associate Professor, Vitreoretina Surgery
New England Eye Center
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Edward H. Bedrossian, Jr., MD FACS
Attending Surgeon
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Department
Wills Eye Hospital,
Director, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery
Department of Ophthalmology
Temple University School of Medicine,
Professor Ophthalmology
Temple University School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
Chief, Department of Ophthalmology
Delaware County Memorial Hospital
Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania
Jurij R. Bilyk, MD
Attending Surgeon
Skull Base Division, Neuro-Ophthalmology Service
Wills Eye Hospital,
Professor of Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jeffrey P. Blice, MD
Clinical Associate Professor
Ophthalmology
Storm Eye Institute Medical Univeristy of South
Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina
Michael J. Borne, MD, FACS
Partner, Mississippi Retina Associates
Jackson, Mississippi
Steven E. Brooks, MD
Professor
Ophthalmology
Columbia University
New York, New York
David G. Buerger, MD
Clinical Instructor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Elizabeth J. Cohen, MD
Corneal Associates PC
Wills Eye Institute
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Marc S. Cohen, MD
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mary J. Cox, MD
Instructor
Glaucoma
Wills Eye Hospital,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
Ophthalmologist
Eye Physicians
Voorhess, New Jersey
Kristin DiDomenico, MD
Comprehensive Ophthalmology
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
iv
Rebecca Droms, BA
University of Massachusetts School of Medicine
Worcester, Massachusetts
John D. Dugan, Jr., MD
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jay S. Duker, MD
Director, New England Eye Center
Professor and Chairman, Department of
Ophthalmology
Tufts Medical Center
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Ralph C. Eagle, Jr., MD
Director
Department of Pathology
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mitchell S. Fineman, MD
Attending Surgeon
Retina Service
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Janice A. Gault, MD
Associate Surgeon, Cataract and Primary Eye Care
Wills Eye Hospital
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
Eye Physicians PC
Voorhees, New Jersey
Roberta E. Gausas, MD
Assocaite Professor
Ophthalmology
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School
of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Kenneth B. Gum, MD
Traverse City Eye
Traverse City, Michigan
Shipra Gupta, MD
PGY3 Resident
Ophthalmology
University Hospitals-Case Medical Center
Cleveland, Ohio
Sadeer B. Hannush, MD
Attending Surgeon
Cornea Service
Wills Eye Hospital;
Department of Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
CONTRIBUTORS v
Paul Harasymowycz, MD, FRCSC
Assistant Professor University of Montreal;
Chief of Glaucoma Service
Medical Director Montreal Glaucoma Institute
Montreal, Québec, Canada
Jeffrey D. Henderer, MD
Professor of Ophthalmology
Dr. Edward Hagop Bedrossian Chair of Ophthalmology
Temple University School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philip G. Hykin, FRCS
Medical Retina Service
Moorfields Eye Hospital
London, Great Britain
Terry Kim, MD
Professor of Ophthalmology
Duke University School of Medicine;
Chief, Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services
Duke University Eye Center
Durham, North Carolina
Grace L. Kim, MD
Ophthalmology
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chrysoula Koutsiouki, MD
Medical Retina Service
Moorfields Eye Hospital
London, Great Britain
Nicole A. Langelier
Schele Eye Institute
University of Pennsylvania Health System
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sebastian P. Lesniak, MD
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Joseph I. Maguire II, MD
Assistant Professor
Ophthalmology
Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University
Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mark L. Moster, MD
Professor of Neurology and Ophthalmology
Neuro-Ophthalmology
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Marlene R. Moster, MD
Glaucoma
Wills Eye Hospital;
Professor of Ophthalmology Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson Univ. School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
vi CONTRIBUTORS
Nisha Mukherjee
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina
Leonard B. Nelson, MD
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Scott E. Olitsky, MD
Chief of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Children’s Mercy Hospital,
Professor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
University of Missouri—Kansas City School of
Medicine
Kansas City, Missouri;
Clinical Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
University of Kansas School of Medicine
Kansas City, Kansas
Robert B. Penne, MD
Director, Oculoplastic Surgery Service
Wills Eye Hospital;
Associate Clinical Professor
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jef-
ferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Julian D. Perry, MD
Physician
Ophthalmology
Cole Eye Institute
Cleveland, Ohio
Irving Raber, MD, FRCS (C)
Attending Surgeon
Cornea Service
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Ehsan Rahimy, MD
Ophthalmology, Retina Division
Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Christopher J. Rapuano, MD
Chief, Cornea Service & Co-Chief, Refractive
Surgery Department
Wills Eye Hospital;
Professor of Ophthalmology
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas
Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sherman W. Reeves, MD, MPH
Minnesota Eye Consultants
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Carolyn S. Repke, MD
Cataract and Primary Eye Care Wills Eye Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Douglas J. Rhee, MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University Hospitals Eye Institute
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio
Lorena Riveroll-Hannush
Cataract and Cornea Associates Newton, Pennsylvania
Tal J. Rubinstein, MD
Ophthalmology
Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute Cleveland, Ohio
Jonathan H. Salvin, MD
Division of Ophthalmology
Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware;
Clinical Assistant Professor
Departments of Ophthalmology & Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University/Wills Eye Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Peter J. Savino, MD
Neuro-ophthalmology Service Wills Eye Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Barry Schanzer, MD
Advanced Ophthalmology Center Edison, New Jersey
Bruce M. Schnall, MD
Associate Surgeon Pediatric Ophthalmology Wills Eye Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Carol L. Shields, MD
Co-Director, Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital;
Professor, Department of Ophthalmology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jerry A. Shields, MD
Director, Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital; Professor of Ophthalmology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sobha Sivaprasad, FRCOphth
Medical Retina Service
Moorfields Eye Hospital
London, Great Britain
George L. Spaeth, MD
Wills Eye Institute
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Nancy G. Swartz, MS, MD
Director of Facial Rejuvenation
Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Associate Surgeon
Neuro-Ophthalmology Service Wills Eye Hospital;
Clinical Associate
Ophthalmology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Instructor
Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson University Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Janine G. Tabas
Wills Eye Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
William Tasman, MD
Professor and Emeritus Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University;
Emeritus Opthalmologist-in-Chief and Attending Surgeon
Wills Eye Hospital
Mid Atlantic Retina Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia;
Affiliate
Nemours Children’s Clinic
Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children at Thomas Jefferson Hospital;
Consultant Penn Medicine, Cognitive Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Alexander B. Theventhiran, MD
Resident Ophthalmology
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
CONTRIBUTORS vii
Michael D. Tibbits, MD
Director of Retina Services
Tyson Eye of Cape Coral Eye Center
Cape Coral and Fort Myers, Florida
Richard Tipperman, MD
Attending Surgeon
Cataract Surgery
Wills Eye Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sydney Tyson, MD, MPH
Attending Surgeon
Cataract and Primary Eyecare Service Wills Eye Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
James F. Vander, MD
Attending Surgeon Retina Service Wills Eye Hospital; Clinical Professor Ophthalmology
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Tamara R. Vrabec, MD
Ophthalmology Geisinger Medical Center Danville, Pennsylvania; Clinical Professor Ophthalmolgoy
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jing Wang, MD
Glaucoma fellow Ophthalmology University of Montreal
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Richard P. Wilson, MD
Wills Eye Institute
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lauren B. Yeager, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York