5.6 Distribution According to Gender |
67 |
|
|
On average there is an additional midface fracture on lower levels than the orbit in 15% of the cases Godbersen and Kügelgen (1998b).
Average involvement of the facial skeleton in frontal sinus wall fractures (Godbersen and Kügelgen 1998a, b)
Orbit |
46% |
Nasal bone |
34% |
Maxilla |
15% |
Zygomatic bone |
12% |
|
|
The involvement of the facial skeleton in frontal sinus fractures increases depending on the severity of the traumatic impact. In 53% of the anterior frontal sinus wall fractures (type I), additional fractures of the midface are found (12% of them have classic midface fractures). In fractures of the posterior frontal sinus wall (type II or type III), 95% additional fractures of the midface are found (25%, respectively 23% of them have classic midface fractures) Godbersen and Kügelgen (1998b).
Frequency of additional midface fractures in relation to craniofrontal fracture types (Godbersen and Kügelgen 1998a, b)
Craniofrontal type of fracture |
Additional midface fracture |
|
|
Anterior sinus wall fracture |
12% |
(type I) |
|
Posterior sinus wall fracture |
25% |
(type II) |
|
Posterior sinus wall fracture |
23% |
with involvement of the |
|
dura (type III) |
|
|
|
There was a clear peak in our own patients of between 20 and 50 years of age. All together, 62% of the patients were between 16and 45-years old when the accident occurred (Neidhardt 2002). The group of 16–30 years was the largest, with 38% of all craniofacial fractures. Comprising 24%, the group of 31–45 years was the next largest, followed by the group of 46–60 years with 17%. Also significant were the 10% that were children between 1 and 15 years of age and the 11% of patients between 60 and 90 years.
The average age of a patient at the time of accident was 35 years. Approximately 80% of all craniofacial traumas fall in the category of the active working population between 16-and 60-years of age.
Distribution of craniofacial fractures according to age (Neidhardt 2002)
Age |
Percentage (%) |
|
|
1–15 |
10 |
16–30 |
38 |
31–45 |
24 |
46–60 |
17 |
61–75 |
7 |
76–90 |
4 |
|
|
Between 10 and 15% of the casualties with craniofacial fractures were children between 1- and 15-years old. Established reasons for craniofacial fractures in children are falls from a dresser or high bed (50%) as well as traffic accidents (50%) (Probst et al. 1990; Tarantino et al. 1999) (Fig. 5.2).
5.5 Distribution According to Age |
5.6 Distribution According to Gender |
Most of the patients suffering from craniofacial and skull base fractures are between 20 and 40 years of age (Probst 1971; Hill et al. 1984; Probst 1986; Weerda 1995).
According to Godbersen and Kügelgen (1998a, b) men are significantly more involved in craniofacial and frontobasal trauma than women. Comparable research shows
Fig. 5.2 Fracture of the frontal skull base and orbital roof (arrow) with hemorrhagic contusions in the left frontal lobe (arrow) in an 11-month-old child