Ординатура / Офтальмология / Учебные материалы / Color Atlas of Ophthalmology The Quick-Reference Manual for Diagnosis and Treatment

sterile, 146 n eurot ropic

in HSV in fect ion , 142, 143 in HZV in fect ion , 144f

in Stevens-Joh nson syndrom e, 113 t rach om a, 107f

viral, differen t ial diagn osis, 146 Corn ea gut tata, 167

Corn eal dyst rophy(ies), 158–170 an terior, 158–161

cent ral clou dy dystrophy of Fran çois, 165, 165f

differen t ial diagn osis, 175

cent ral cr ystallin e dyst rophy of Sch nyder, 164, 164f

differen t ial diagn osis, 175

congenit al heredit ar y, differen t ial diagn osis, 192

congenit al h eredit ar y endoth elial, 170, 170f differen t ial diagn osis, 166, 169

Fleck, 164–165

differen t ial diagn osis, 166 Fu ch s en doth elial, 167, 168f

differen t ial diagn osis, 167, 169, 191, 192 granular, 161, 162f

differen t ial diagn osis, 161, 163 lat t ice, 162–163, 162f

differen t ial diagn osis, 178 posterior, 167–170

posterior polym orph ous, 169, 169f differen t ial diagn osis, 166, 170, 191, 258

pre-Descem et , 165–166 st rom al, 161–166

congenit al h eredit ar y, 166 differen t ial d iagn osis, 170

differen t ial diagn osis, 164 posterior am orphous, 166

Corn eal elastosis, 178

Corn eal in t raepithelial n eoplasia, differen t ial diagn osis, 159

Corn eal surger y, 185–191 Corn eal vert icillata, 180, 181f

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, conjun ct ivit is caused by, 105

differen t ial diagn osis, 112 Cou p injur y(ies), 11

Cow en sign, 76t

Coxsackievirus A24, conjun ct ivit is cau sed by, 102, 103

Cranial n er ve(s)

III. See Third -n er ve palsy IV. See Fou rth -ner ve palsy VI. See Sixth -n er ve palsy

CRAO. See Cen t ral ret in al arter y occlusion Crocodile sh agreen , differen t ial diagn osis, 175 Crocodile tears, 353

Croh n’s disease (CD), ocu lar involvem en t in, 195

Crouzon disease, an d lens sublu xat ion , 13 CRVO. See Cen t ral ret in al vein occlusion Cr yotherapy, for ret in al det ach m en t, 302

Cr ystalline retin opathy, differen tial diagn osis, 280

CSCR. See Cen t ral serous ch orioret in opathy CSR. See Cen t ral serous ret in opathy

CTR. See Capsular ten sion ring Cushing syn drom e, an d cen t ral serous

ch orioret in opathy, 273

Cutan eous h orn , differen t ial diagn osis, 53, 54 Cu tis laxa, blue sclera in, 134

Cyclit is, ch ron ic, 200

Cylin drom a, differen t ial diagn osis, 58 Cyst(s)

ciliary body, 325 conjun ct ival

lym ph at ic, 121, 121f

Index 543

in parasit ic in festat ion , 121, 122 post t raum atic in clusion , 121

derm oid . See Derm oid cyst(s) ductal, 57–59

foveal, 275 of iris, 323

of Moll, 57, 58f pars plan a, 290 sebaceous, 57, 58f of Zeis, 57–59

Cyst in osis, differen t ial diagn osis, 160 Cystoid m acular edem a, 274–276, 275f

after cataract surger y, 238–239, 239f, 274, 275f

causes, 274

differen t ial d iagn osis, 263, 274, 275 m an agem en t, 275–276

path ogen esis, 274

postcat aract surger y, 238–239, 239f, 274, 275f

presen tat ion , 275 Cytom egalovirus (CMV)

congen it al in fect ion , 208

in im m u n osu pp ressed p at ien t , 208, 209f inclu sion ch orioret init is, differen t ial

diagn osis, 201

ret in itis caused by, 208, 208f

D

Dacr yoaden it is, 78, 97 Dacr yocyst itis, 66–67, 67f

ch ron ic, differen t ial diagn osis, 65 differen t ial d iagn osis, 47, 68, 110

Dalyr ym p le sign , 76t

Degen erat ive m yopia, 272, 272f

Derm atobu llou s d isord ers, differen t ial diagn osis, 112

Derm atoch alasis, 42–43, 42f differen t ial d iagn osis, 45, 47

Derm oid cyst(s), 50, 80–81, 82f–83f deep, 80–81, 82f–83f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 84, 90, 93, 94, 118, 192

rupt ured, differen t ial diagn osis, 87 su perficial, 80–81, 82f

Descem et m em bran e

breaks, keratoconu s an d, 171 rupt ure, 134

tears, differen t ial diagnosis, 192

Descem et st ripping en doth elial keratoplast y, 187, 187f

Diabetes m ellit u s. See also Maculopathy, diabet ic

an d n eurot ropic keratopathy, 155 Diabet ic ret inopathy, 261–264

differen t ial d iagn osis, 261, 263, 264, 269, 286

m an agem en t, 263–264, 263f nonproliferat ive, 261, 262f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 263 presen tat ion , 261

proliferat ive, 261, 262f differen t ial d iagn osis, 263

w ith preret in al h em orrh age, 262f–263f an d vit reou s h em orrh age, 270

Diath erm y, for ret in al det ach m en t , 301 Diffu se corn eoscleral kerat it is, 190 Dilated vessels, 125–126, 126f

in St u rge-Weber syn drom e, 126–127, 127f Dim m er kerat it is, 101

Dissociated st rabism u s com p lex, 346–347, 347f

Distich iasis, 64, 65f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 35, 110 pem p h igoid an d, 112

Distract ion test , 33

544 Index

Divergen ce excess, 343

Doh lm an keratoprosth esis, 188, 189f Dow n syn drom e

Brush field spot s in , 325

corn eal involvem en t in , d ifferen tial diagn osis, 192

an d keratocon u s, 171 Drug(s), an d hyp h em a, 15

Drug abu se, differen t ial d iagn osis, 263 Drug-in d u ced degen erat ion s, differen t ial

diagn osis, 281

Drug-induced ret in opathy, differen t ial diagn osis, 282

Dru sen

fam ilial, differen t ial diagn osis, 279, 280 opt ic n er ve h ead , an d ret in itis p igm en tosa,

285

Dr y eye causes, 114

differen t ial d iagn osis, 101

Dr y-eye syn d rom e, 114–116, 114f an d filam en tar y kerat it is, 154

DSEK. See Descem et st ripping en dothelial keratoplast y

Du an e syn drom e, 351–353, 352f bilateral, 352, 352f

system ic association s, 353 t ypes, 352f, 353

Du ral sin u s arterioven ou s fist u la, differen t ial diagn osis, 128

Dysthyroid orbitopathy, 74–77, 74f–75f differen tial diagn osis, 93, 128

m an agem ent , 76–77

E

Eales disease

differen tial diagn osis, 286 and vit reous hem orrh age, 270

EBMD. See Epith elial basem ent m em bran e dyst rophy

Eccrin e hydrocystom a, 57, 58f differen tial diagn osis, 57

Eclip se ret in op athy, 287 Ectop ia len t is, 251

congen it al, an d lens sublu xat ion , 13 differen tial diagn osis, 13

Ect rop ion , 33–35, 34f

in bleph arophim osis syn drom e, 48, 48f cicat ricial, 33–35, 34f

congen ital, 33, 35

conjun ct ival m etaplasia in , 137, 137f differen tial diagn osis, 45

involut ion al, 33, 34f m ech anical, 33 paralyt ic, 33–35, 34f

Eczem a, differen t ial d iagn osis, 47

Edem a. See also Angioedem a; Cystoid m acu lar edem a

Cogan m icrocyst ic, 158–159, 159f conjun ct ival, 138. See also Ch em osis corn eal

after cataract ext ract ion, 236–237 in congenit al heredit ar y en doth elial

dyst rophy, 170, 170f

Fu ch s en doth elial dyst rophy an d, 167, 168f

in posterior polym orph ous dyst rophy, 169, 169f

eyelid, 47, 47f

in acute bacterial conjun ct ivit is, 105, 106f allergy an d, 47, 69, 72

in thyroid eye disease, 47, 47f in viral conjun ctivit is, 69, 72

macular

clin ically sign ificant , 261, 262f diabet ic, 283

differen tial diagn osis, 283 orbit al, 27

ret in al, post t raum at ic, 21–22 subconjun ct ival. See Chem osis

Eh lers-Dan los syn d rom e an d angioid st reaks, 270 blue sclera in , 134

an d degen erat ive m yopia, 272 and len s su blu xat ion , 13

Eikenella can aliculit is, 66f Elsch n ig spot s, 260–261

Em boli, in bran ch ret in al arter y occlusion , 265–266

Enceph alocele, 84

En closed oral bay, 289, 289f En dop h th alm it is, 213–216

after cataract surger y, 240–242, 241f Candida, 215

differen t ial d iagn osis, 326, 335, 336, 337 en dogenous, 215–216

postop erat ive, 214–215, 214f, 240–242, 241f

post t rau m at ic, 12f

sequ elae, differen t ial diagn osis, 136 traum at ic, 213–214

En doth elial keratoplast y, 187, 187f En doth eliitis, in HSV in fect ion , 142

En op h th alm os, ru pt u red globe an d, 16 Enterobacter, corn eal ulcer caused by, 146 En teroviru s grou p 70, conju n ct ivit is cau sed

by, 102, 103 En t rop ion , 35, 36f

cicatricial, 35, 36f congen it al, 35

differen t ial d iagn osis, 48, 49, 64 involu t ion al, 35, 36f

spasm odic, 109, 110f EOB. See En closed oral bay Epiblepharon, 48–49, 49f

differen tial diagn osis, 35, 49, 64

Epican th al folds, syn drom es associated w ith, 49

Epican th us, 49–50, 50f Epican th us inversu s, 49

in bleph arophim osis syn drom e, 48, 48f Epican th us palpebralis, 49

Epican th us superciliaris, 49 Epican th us tarsalis, 49, 50f Epiderm olysis bu llosa, 112

Epin eph rin e, topical, and cystoid m acular edem a, 274

Epiph ora, 2

in congen ital glau com a, 134–135 Epiret inal m em brane

differen tial diagn osis, 23, 321 idiopathic, 320–321, 320f prim ar y, 320

secon dar y, 320

Episcleral venous pressure, elevated, 252–253 Episclerit is, 123–124, 123f–124f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 3, 125 nodular, 123, 124f

in Steven s-Joh n son syn drom e, 113 Epith elial basem en t m em bran e dyst rophy,

158–159, 159f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 160, 161 Ep ith eliom a, 112

Ep stein -Barr viru s (EBV), in fect ion corn eal, 145, 145f, 150, 152 differen t ial d iagn osis, 101, 152

ERM. See Epiretin al m em bran e Er ysip elas, 69, 72

Er yth em a m u lt iform e

differen t ial d iagn osis, 112, 136 an d sym bleph aron , 116

Er yth em a m u lt iform e m ajor, 113

Er yth em a m u lt iform e m in or, 113

Er yth roderm a, congen ital ich thyosiform , 112 Esot rop ia

accom m odat ive, 341–342, 341f refract ive, 341f, 342

in fan t ile, 340–341, 340f

Ew ing sarcom a, m etast atic, 94 Exoph th alm os

post t rau m at ic, 31–32, 31f pu lsat ing, 127–128

causes, 31

post t rau m at ic, 31–32, 31f rupt ured globe and, 16

in thyroid eye d isease, 73t Exot rop ia

con secu t ive, 344 con st an t , 344, 344f in fan t ile, 344

in term it ten t , 342–343, 343f secon dar y, 344

sen sor y, 344

Exp osu re kerat itis, 183

Exposu re keratopathy, 153–154

Ext raocu lar m u scle(s). See also speci c m uscle congen it al fibrosis, 357–358, 357f

Eyelid(s)

bacterial in fect ion , 69 colobom a, 50–51, 50f

deform it ies, in Steven s-Joh n son syn drom e, 113

dist ract ion test , 33 edem a, 47, 47f

in acute bacterial conjun ct ivit is, 105, 106f allergic, 47, 69, 72

in thyroid eye d isease, 47, 47f in viral conjun ct ivit is, 69, 72

inw ard rotat ion . See En t ropion lacerat ion , 1–2, 1f, 3f

ou t w ard rotat ion (eversion ). See Ectropion papillom a, 51, 51f

ret raction , 43, 43f

t um ors, 51–57, 59–64 upper

abn orm ally low p osit ion . See Ptosis cicat ricial ch anges, 43

scarring, 43

F

Fabr y disease, corn eal vert icillata in , 180, 181f Fam ilial adenom atous polyposis, 332

Fam ilial exu dat ive vit reoret in opathy, 335, 336, 337

Ferr y lin e, 179

FF. See Fun dus flavim aculat us Fibrin collaret tes, 100, 100f

Filam en tar y keratit is, 154–155, 154f Fleck dyst rophy (corn eal), 164–165

differen t ial d iagn osis, 166 Fleisch er ring, 179, 179f

keratocon us and, 171 Fleuret tes, 334

Flexn er-Wintersteiner roset tes, 334 Floppy eyelid syn drom e, 44–45, 44f

an d keratocon u s, 171 Foreign body

conju n ct ival, 5f, 129, 130 corn eal, 7, 8–9, 8f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 7, 9, 129, 130, 133, 323

in t raocu lar, 9, 23–25, 24f, 217, 323 int raorbit al, 28–29, 29f

an d recu rren t corn eal erosion , 156 Fourth -n er ve palsy, 349–350, 349f–350f Foveal cysts, 275

Foveom acu lar ret in it is, 287 Fract ure(s), orbit al, 26–28

isolated, 30

Francesch et t i syn drom e, 51

Front alis-sling procedure, for ptosis, 38 Fuchs en dothelial dyst rophy, 167, 168f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 167, 169, 191, 192 Fuchs h eteroch rom at ic iridocyclit is, 197 Fuchs h eteroch rom ic iridocyclit is, 197 Fuchs spot , 272

Fuchs superficial m argin al kerat it is, 184 Fun dus albipun ctat us, 280, 280f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 279

Fun dus flavim aculat us, 278–279, 279f differen t ial d iagn osis, 279

m an agem en t, 279 presen tat ion , 278, 279f

Fungal in fect ion

differen t ial d iagn osis, 192

en dogen ous en dophth alm it is caused by, 215

postoperat ive endoph thalm it is caused by, 214

traum at ic en doph thalm it is caused by, 213 Fungal kerat it is, 149–150, 149f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 9, 143, 146, 147 Furrow degen erat ion , 185

differen t ial d iagn osis, 183, 184 Fusarium keratit is, 149, 150

G

Gardn er syn drom e, 332

Gast roesoph ageal reflu x disease, and cen t ral serous chorioret in opathy, 273

Gastroin test in al m align an cy, orbit al m et astases, 94

Gen t am icin , int raocu lar inject ion , 267 Gh ost vessels, 150, 151f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 163 Gian t cell arterit is, 268–269 Gifford sign , 76t

Glaucom a acu te, 3

acu te angle, 7

angle-closu re, 254–257

acu te, 254–255, 254f, 255f ch ron ic, 256, 256f

w ith pupillar y block, 254

w ithout pupillar y block, 254 angle recession , 13

congen it al, 127, 134

differen t ial d iagn osis, 68, 166, 170, 192, 326

gh ost-cell, vit reou s h em orrh age an d , 18–19 len s-in du ced, 250–251

len s p art icle, 250

m align an t , 258–259 differen t ial d iagn osis, 326

neovascular, 256–257

norm al-ten sion (low -ten sion ), 246–248, 246f–247f

op en -angle

an d d egen erat ive m yop ia, 272 prim ar y, 244, 245f

an d ret in it is pigm en tosa, 285 secon dar y, 248, 249f

ph acoan ap hylact ic, 251 ph acolyt ic, 251

ph acom orp h ic, 12, 251

pigm en tar y, an d degen erat ive m yopia, 272 in posterior polym orph ous dyst rophy, 169 post t rau m at ic, 12

in sarcoidosis, 198

uveit ic, 251–252, 252f, 253f differen t ial d iagn osis, 15

in uveit is-glaucom a-hyph em a syn drom e, 196

uveit is related to, 196

546 Index

Globe, rupt ured, 16–17, 17f differen t ial d iagn osis, 30

Golden h ar syndrom e, 51, 353 Goldzieh er sign, 76t

Grapevines, in adult toxoplasm osis, 201 Graves’ disease, 74–77

in filt rat ive (severe), 74 non in filt rat ive (m ild), 74

op h th alm ic m an ifest at ion s, 76t

Graves oph th alm opathy, 355–356, 355f. See also Thyroid eye disease; Thyroid - related op h th alm op athy

Grid laser, for diabet ic ret in opathy, 263, 263f Griffith sign , 76t

Grön blad -St ran dberg syndrom e, an d angioid st reaks, 270

Guillain -Barré syn drom e, Miller-Fish er varian t , eyelid ret ract ion in , 43

Gyrate at rophy

differen t ial d iagn osis, 272, 285, 286 genet ics, 286

m an agem en t, 286 presen tat ion , 286

H

Haab st riae, 134–135

Haem ophilus in uenzae conjun ct ivit is, 105 Ham artom a, com bin ed, of ret in al p igm en t

epith elium and ret ina, 333, 333f differen t ial d iagn osis, 327, 328, 330, 331,

333

Han d an om alies, 353 Hassall-Hen le bodies, 167 Hearing loss, 353

Helm in th in fect ion , 150

Hem angiom a. See also Capillar y h em angiom a; Cavern ous h em angiom a

ch oroidal, 327, 328, 329 exophyt ic ret in al, 329 racem ose, 335, 336, 337

Hem op h ilia, an d hyp h em a, 15 Hem orrh age

opt ic n er ve sh eath , 26 orbital, 26

ret robu lbar, 29–30, 30f rupt ured globe and, 16

su bconju n ct ival, 3–4, 4f

su bret in al, 327, 328, 330, 331

vit reou s. See Vitreou s h em orrh age

Hem osiderosis bu lbi, vit reou s h em orrh age an d, 19

Hep atolen t icu lar degen erat ion , 180 Herp es sim p lex

ch orioret in it is, 201

keratit is, 150, 151f, 167, 192 keratoconjun ctivit is, 104–105, 104f

Herp es sim p lex viru s

acu te ret in al n ecrosis syn drom e cau sed by, 209

infect ion

corn eal, 141–143, 141f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 142, 147 in it ial, 141

recu rren ce, 142

differen t ial d iagn osis, 101, 143, 191 an d in terstit ial kerat it is, 150, 151f an d recu rren t corn eal erosion , 156 skin lesion s in , 104f

an d n eurot ropic keratopathy, 155

Herp es zoster. See also Varicella-zoster virus infect ion , 101, 191

corn eal, 143–145, 144f, 150 differen t ial d iagn osis, 147

kerat it is, 192

an d n eurot ropic keratopathy, 143, 144f, 155 Herp es zoster op h th alm icu s, 143–145, 144f

an d trich iasis, 64 Herring’s law, 43

High accom m odat ive esot ropia, 341f, 342 Histoplasm osis

ocu lar

differen t ial d iagn osis, 21, 201, 272 presu m ed, 202–203, 202f

vit reou s h em orrhage in, 18 Histospot s, 202f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 279, 280 Hollenh orst plaqu es, 265

HoltOram syn drom e, 353 Hom er Wrigh t roset tes, 334 Hom ocyst in uria, 135

an d len s su blu xat ion , 13, 14 Hordeolum , 46–47, 46f

bleph arit is an d, 100

differen t ial d iagn osis, 46, 47, 66 extern al, 46–47, 46f

intern al, 46–47 Hudson -Stäh li lin e, 179 Hurler syn drom e, 267

Hyalin e Pillat scleral plaque, 140, 140f Hydroch loric acid bu rn , 5–7

Hydroxych loroquin e, corn eal ver ticillat a caused by, 180

Hyperbaric oxygen , for cent ral ret inal ar ter y occlu sion , 268

Hyperlipoprotein em ia, 173, 175 Hyperlysinem ia, and len s sublu xat ion , 13 Hyperten sion, 267

an d angioid st reaks, 270

an d cent ral serous ch orioret in opathy, 273 an d hyp h em a, 15

an d m acroan eu r ysm , 269

Hyperten sive ret in opathy, 260–261, 260f differen t ial d iagn osis, 263, 264, 286

Hyperthyroidism , 355–356. See also Graves’ disease; Graves oph th alm opathy

Hyphem a

differen t ial d iagn osis, 13 grading system , 15, 15f post t rau m at ic, 10f

spon taneous, cau ses, 15 traum at ic, 14–16, 15f

in uveit is-glau com a-hyp h em a syn drom e, 196

Hypoparathyroidism , 192

Hypopyon, in fu ngal in fect ion , 149, 149f Hypotony, after cataract surger y, 237–238

I

Ich thyosis, 33

differen t ial d iagn osis, 166, 191

In born errors of m etabolism , corn eal involvem en t in , 192

In clusion conjun ct ivitis, 192

In dom eth acin , corneal vert icillata caused by, 180

In fan t ile esot ropia, 340–341, 340f In fan t ile exot ropia, 344

In fect ion(s) bacterial, eyelid, 69

an d conju n ct ivalizat ion of corn ea, 136 corn eal, 141–150

differen t ial d iagn osis, 84, 192 orbital, 69–99

In fect ious keratit is, 182, 183 In fect ious m onon ucleosis, 145

w ith eye involvem en t , differen t ial diagn osis, 101

In ferior oblique m uscle, palsy, isolated, 348 In ferior oblique overact ion , 345–346, 346f In flam m at ion

ch ron ic, an d len s su blu xat ion , 13 corn eal, 150–153

differen t ial d iagn osis, 192 differen t ial diagn osis, 135 in traocular, 194–217

lacrim al glan d, 97 orbital, 71–80

differen t ial d iagn osis, 73t and sym bleph aron , 116

In flam m ator y bow el d isease (IBD), ocu lar involvem en t in , 195

In sect bite, differen t ial diagn osis, 69, 72 In term it ten t exot ropia, 342–343, 343f

basic t ype, 343

convergen ce insu fficien cy, 343 divergence excess, 343

In tern al lim it ing m em bran e, rem oval, “ap ple peeling” tech n iqu e, 318, 319f

In terst it ial kerat it is, 150–151, 151f

In t raarterial fibrin olysis, for cen t ral ret in al arter y occlu sion , 268

In traocu lar len s

dislocated, tem porar y h apt ic

extern alizat ion , 233–234, 234f foldable, im p lan t at ion , 227, 229f glued, 229–233, 230f–233f opacificat ion, 242–243, 242f

torn , 236, 236f

In traocu lar p ressu re, elevated , after cataract su rger y, 238

IOL. See In t raocular lens

Irid ocorn eal en doth elial syn drom e, 258 differen t ial diagn osis, 169, 323

Irid ocyclit is

Fuch s h eteroch rom ic, 197 h erpet ic, 104–105

Irid od ialysis, p ost t rau m at ic, 12f Irid od on esis, 13

Iris

at rophy

in HSV kerat it is, 141f progressive, 258

cavern ou s h em angiom a, an d hyp h em a, 15 cyst , 323

freckle, d ifferen t ial diagn osis, 322 juvenile xan thogran ulom a an d, 323–324 leukem ic n odules, 324

m elanom a, 323

differen t ial d iagn osis, 322

m et astat ic lesion s, differen t ial diagnosis, 324

n evus, 322

pigm en t epith elial cyst , 322–323 t u m ors an d n odu les, 322–325

Iris bom bé, in sarcoidosis, 198 Iris sph in cter tear, 11, 11f

Irit is

differen t ial diagn osis, 3

in Stevens-Joh nson syndrom e, 113 syphilit ic, 198

t raum at ic, 10–11, 10f

Irit is n odosa, in syph ilis, 198 Irit is papu losa, in syph ilis, 198 Irit is roseat a, in syp h ilis, 198 Iron dep osit s, 179

conjun ct ival, differen t ial diagn osis, 129, 130 Iron lin es, 179–180, 179f

Ir vin e- Gass syn drom e, 274, 275

Isch em ic opt ic n europathy, differen t ial diagn osis, 261, 267

J

Jacob-Agar w al sling surger y, 37f, 38–41, 39f–41f

Jellin ek sign , 76t Juven ile ret in osch isis

and cystoid m acular edem a, 274 differen t ial diagn osis, 275

Index 547

Juven ile rh eum atoid arthrit is

ocu lar involvem en t in , 196–197 pau ciar t icu lar on set , 197 polyar t icu lar on set , 197

system ic on set , 197 t ype 1, 197

t ype 2, 197

uveit is in , 196–197

Juven ile xan th ogran ulom a, 135, 216t , 217 differen t ial d iagn osis, 323

an d hyp h em a, 15 iris lesion s, 323–324

K

Kaposi sarcom a, w ith secon dar y h em orrh age, 3

Kappa angle, 339, 339f, 340 Kasabach -Merrit t syndrom e, 84 Kayser-Fleischer ring, 24, 180

Kearns-Sayre syn drom e, and ret init is pigm en tosa, 285

Keloid, corneal, 175–176, 176f differen tial diagn osis, 177

Kerat it is

Acantham oeba, 147–149, 148f differen tial diagn osis, 146, 149, 192

Aspergillus, 149, 150 bacterial, 9, 143, 147, 149

Candida, 149, 149f

con t act len s clean ing solu t ion s an d , 147, 149

cont act len s over w ear, 152, 154 den drit ic in t raepithelial

differen t ial diagn osis, 142

in HSV in fect ion , 141, 141f, 142 diffuse corn eoscleral, 190

dim m er, 101

disciform , h erpet ic, 104–105 exp osu re, 183

filam en tar y, 154–155, 154f

Fu ch s su p erficial m argin al, 184 fungal, 149–150, 149f

differen t ial diagn osis, 9, 143, 146, 147

Fusariu m , 149, 150

h erpes sim plex, 150, 151f, 167, 192 h erpes zoster, 192

h erpet ic

den drit ic, 141, 141f, 142 in t raepithelial, 141f, 142 st rom al, 141f, 142

im m u ne st rom al, in HSV in fect ion , 141, 141f, 142–143

in fect iou s, 182, 183

in terst it ial, 150–151, 151f h erpet ic, 104–105

n ecrotizing st rom al

in HSV in fect ion , 142 in HZV in fect ion , 144f

n eurot ropic, in HSV in fect ion , 142, 143 n um m ular, 143, 145

Paecilom yces, 149, 150

pun ctate, in viral in fect ion , 141–142, 143, 145

st ap hylococcal m argin al, 146

st riate, after cat aract ext ract ion , 237f st rom al

differen tial diagn osis, 142, 145 in EBV in fect ion , 145, 145f

superficial pun ct ate, w ith ch em ical burn, 5 su perior lim bic, 45

Thygeson superficial pun ctate, 152, 152f ulcerat ive

differen tial diagn osis, 6, 182, 184 peripheral, 182–184, 183f, 184

ult raviolet (UV), 6 viral, 149, 150

Keratoacan th om a, 53–54, 53f differen t ial d iagn osis, 59, 62, 64

Keratoconju n ct ivit is atop ic, 110

differen t ial d iagn osis, 45, 112, 153 epidem ic, 101–103

differen t ial d iagn osis, 105, 152 epidem ic h em orrh agic, 103–104, 103f herpes sim plex, 104–105, 104f

ph lycten u lar, 192

superior lim bic, 122–123, 122f differen t ial d iagn osis, 63, 192 an d filam en tar y kerat it is, 154

vern al, 110, 146

sh ield u lcer in , 152–153, 153f Keratoconju n ct ivit is sicca, 192 Keratocon u s, 170–171, 171f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 172, 191 an d ret in it is pigm en tosa, 285

Keratoglobu s, 171–172, 172f Keratopathy

ban d, 176–177, 177f bullous

ap h akic, 167, 169, 192

differen t ial d iagn osis, 167, 169, 192 pseu dop h akic, 167, 169, 192

calcific ban d, 176–177, 177f exposure, 153–154 neuroparalyt ic, 153–154

neurot ropic, 143, 144f, 155–156, 155f in HZV in fect ion , 143, 144f, 155

prim ar y lipid , 175, 175f Keratoplast y

Descem et st rip p ing en d oth elial, 187, 187f graft reject ion in , 188, 188f, 192

lam ellar, 186f, 187 pen et rat ing, 185, 186f

graft reject ion in , 188, 188f Keratop rosth esis, 188, 189f

Kh odadou st lin e, 188, 188f

Kidn ey, m align an cy of, orbital m etast ases, 94 Klipp el-Feil syn drom e, 353

Kn ies’ sign, 76t Koch er sign , 76t

L

Lacerat ion (s)

can alicu lar, 2, 3f conju n ct ival, 4–5, 5f corn eal, 9–10, 9f eyelid, 1–2, 1f, 3f

Lacrim al glan d(s) accessor y, 121

aden oid cyst ic carcin om a, 98, 99f en largem en t , 97–99

in flam m at ion , 97 t um ors, 97–98

ben ign m ixed, 97–98, 97f Lacrim al sac t um or, 68 Lacrim al system

disord ers, 65–68 traum a, 2, 3f

Lagoph th alm ia, 154

Lam ellar keratoplast y, 186f, 187

Lateral rect us m uscle palsy, 350–351, 351f Lat tice corneal dyst rophy, 162–163, 162f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 178 Lat tice degen erat ion , 292–293

Leber congen ital hereditar y opt ic n europathy, an d keratocon u s, 171

Leiom yom a

differen t ial d iagn osis, 323, 325 uveal, 324

Len s

dislocat ion , 13–14 asym ptom at ic, 14

w ith broken capsule an d in flam m at ion , 14

into vit reous, 14

su blu xat ion , 13–14, 14f asym ptom at ic, 14

w ith cataract , 14

w ith h igh un correct able ast igm at ism , 14 w ith m on ocular diplopia, 14

Len t igo m align a, 63f, 64 Lep rosy

differen t ial d iagn osis, 150, 191, 192 an d n eurot ropic keratopathy, 155

Leu kem ia

differen t ial d iagn osis, 78, 94, 323 an d hyp h em a, 15

in t raocu lar, 216, 216t iris n odu les in , 324

orbital involvem en t in , 96f Leu kocorn ea, 192–193 Levator m u scle

fu n ct ion , m easu rem en t , 36 palsy, isolated, 348

Lim bal follicles, 118

Lim bal girdle of Vogt , 174, 174f

Lipid degen erat ion of corn ea an d conjun ctiva, 120–121, 121f

Lipids, serum , abn orm alit ies. See also Hyperlipoprotein em ia

an d m acroan eu r ysm , 269 Lipoprotein em ia, 164

Lisch n odules

differen t ial d iagn osis, 322 in n eurofibrom atosis, 325

Low e syn d rom e, 135, 175 corn eal involvem en t in , 192

Low ey sign , 76t

Lym e d isease, an d in terst it ial kerat it is, 150, 151

Lym ph angiom a, 85–87, 85t, 86f differen t ial d iagn osis, 84, 93

Lym ph ogran u lom a ven ereu m (LGV), 106 Lym ph oid hyp erp lasia, 133

Lym ph om a(s)

differen t ial d iagn osis, 59, 90 in t raocu lar, 216, 216t orbital, 79–80, 79f

M

Macroaneur ysm , 269–270 differen t ial d iagn osis, 263

Macular degen erat ion

age-related . See Age-related m acular degen erat ion

differen t ial d iagn osis, 280 juvenile, 278

Macular dyst rophy, 163, 163f differen t ial d iagn osis, 161 vitelliform , 280–281

Macular edem a

clin ically sign ifican t , 261, 262f diabet ic, 283

differen t ial d iagn osis, 283 Macular h em orrhage, 267

Macular h ole, 267, 296, 317–318, 317f, 318f differen t ial d iagn osis, 274, 318

idiopath ic, 23 m an agem en t

by obser vat ion , 318 su rgical, 318, 319f

st ages, Gass classificat ion, 318 traum at ic, 22–23, 23f

Macular ret in al vein occlusion, 265f Maculopathy

age-related . See Age-related m acu lopathy diabet ic, 261, 262f

an d cystoid m acu lar edem a, 274

differen t ial d iagn osis, 263, 269 Madarosis

w ith bleph arit is, 100 w ith m align an cy, 59 Maffu cci syn drom e, 84

Malign an t m elan om a. See Melan om a

Man dibu lofacial dysostosis. See Fran cesch et t i syndrom e

Man n is lin e, 179

Map -dot-fingerprin t corn eal dyst rophy, 158–159, 159f

Marcu s- Gu n n jaw -w in king syn drom e, 38 Marfan syn d rom e, 135

blue sclera in , 134

and degen erat ive m yopia, 272 and keratocon us, 171

and len s sublu xat ion, 13, 14 Margin to lid reflex, 36

Masqu erade syn d rom es, 216–217, 216t Medial rect us m uscle palsy, isolated, 348, 348f Medu lloep ith eliom a

of ciliar y epith elium , 326

differen tial diagn osis, 323, 325, 326 Meesm ann dyst rophy, 160, 160f

differen tial diagn osis, 159, 161 Megalocorn ea, 157

Meibom ian glan d dysfu n ct ion , p em p h igoid and, 112

Meibom it is, w ith blep h arit is, 100 Melan ocytom a(s), 338, 338f

choroidal, 332 Melan ocytosis

ocular, 129–130, 129f, 324–325 differen tial d iagn osis, 322

oculoderm al, 130, 130f differen tial d iagn osis, 129

Melan om a am elan otic

ch oroidal, 329

differen tial d iagn osis, 324, 329 choroidal, 132, 327–329, 328f

am elan ot ic, 329

differen tial d iagn osis, 216, 327–333, 338 m an agem ent , 329

presen tat ion , 327–329, 328f vit reous h em orrh age in , 18

ciliar y body, 325–326 differen tial d iagn osis, 322 vit reous h em orrh age in , 18

conjun ct ival, 132–133, 132f differen tial d iagn osis, 131

cutan eou s, 63–64, 63f

ret in op athy secon dar y to, 217

differen tial diagn osis, 52, 56, 59, 129, 130 dilated episcleral sen t in el vessels in , 125 of iris, 323

n odular, 64

orbital m etast ases, 94 pingu ecu la and, 118f superficial spreading, 64

sur veillan ce, w ith m elanocytosis, 325 Melan osis

conjun ct ival ben ign epith elial, 131–132, 131f

differen tial diagn osis, 133 prim ar y acqu ired

differen tial d iagn osis, 129, 130 m alignan t poten t ial, 132

Melan osis bu lbi, 140 Men ingiom a, 81

Men kes syn drom e, blu e sclera in , 134 Meridion al com p lex, 289

Meridion al folds, 289, 289f Metabolic d isease, 135 Metallosis bu lbi, 23 Metastat ic d isease

choroidal, 329–330, 329f differen tial diagn osis, 327–331

ciliar y body, 325 conjun ct ival, 133

differen tial diagn osis, 80, 324 of iris, 324

orbital, 94, 96f

MEW DS. See Mult iple evan escen t w h ite dot syndrom e

Microan eu r ysm s, 261 Microcorn ea, 157 Microhyp h em a, 14–16

t raum at ic, 10 Microp an n u s, 192

Microp h akon it, 218f, 219 Microp h th alm os, 50

differen tial diagn osis, 157, 158 Migrain e, 295

Möbiu s sign , 76t

Mollu scu m con tagiosu m , 54, 54f differen tial diagn osis, 51, 192

Monocular elevat ion deficien cy, 354–355, 354f

Mooren u lcer, 180–182, 182f differen tial diagn osis, 183 MRD. See Margin to lid reflex

Mu cocele, 93–94, 95f

differen tial diagn osis, 65, 68, 81 eth m oidal, 65, 68

Mu colip idosis, corn eal involvem en t in , 192 Mu cop olysacch arid osis, corn eal involvem en t

in , 166, 170, 192 Mu corm ycosis, 128

Mu lt iple en d ocrin e n eoplasia, t yp e IIb, 191 Mu lt ip le evan escen t w h ite d ot syn drom e,

203–204, 203f–204f

Mum ps, corn eal involvem en t in, 150 Myasth en ia gravis, 356–357, 356f Myopia

degen erat ive, 272, 272f ocu lar associat ion s, 272

system ic associat ion s, 272 high , 272, 272f

“blue sclera” in, 134

differen t ial d iagn osis, 21, 286 an d len s su blu xat ion , 13

an d t rau m at ic ret in al detach m en t , 21 an d ret in al d etach m en t , 296

an d ret in it is pigm en tosa, 285

Myopic sh ift , in in fan ts, vit reou s h em orrh age an d, 19

Myosit is, 78

Myoton ic dyst rophy, 281, 285 Myoton ic ret inopathy, 282

N

Nanoph th alm os, 157

Naproxen , corn eal vert icillata caused by, 180 Nasolacrim al duct obst ruct ion, 67–68, 67f Neoplasm (s), 322–338. See also Tum or(s)

conju n ct ival, w ith secon dar y h em orrh age, 3 Neovascularizat ion

ch oroidal

an d cystoid m acu lar edem a, 274 differen t ial d iagn osis, 21, 275

corn eal, in Steven s-Joh n son syn d rom e, 113

in diabet ic ret in opathy, 261 differen t ial d iagn osis, 263

in ocu lar isch em ic syn drom e, 268, 269f Neovascular m em bran es, subret inal, 21 Ner ve fiber layer, m yelin ated, 266 Neurilem m om a, 81

Neuroblastom a

differen t ial d iagn osis, 84 m et astat ic, 87, 94

550 Index

Neurofibrom a, 58–59, 59f plexiform , 86

Neurofibrom atosis, 135 differen t ial d iagn osis, 191 Lisch n odules in , 325

Neuroparalyt ic keratopathy, 153–154 Neuroret in it is

differen t ial d iagn osis, 263 syphilit ic, 198

Neurot ropic keratopathy, 143, 144f, 155–156, 155f

Nevus (pl., nevi), 54–56, 55f ch oroidal, 326–327, 327f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 328, 330, 331, 332 com p ou n d, 54–56, 55f, 131, 132

differen t ial d iagn osis, 52, 59, 64, 129, 130, 133, 323

int raderm al, 54–56, 55f of iris, 322

jun ct ional, 54–56, 55f, 131, 132 m align an t , sign s, 132, 133

m align an t poten t ial, 131, 132 st raw berr y, 81

Nevus flam m eus, 84

Nevus of Ot a, 56, 56f, 324–325 differen t ial d iagn osis, 129

Nicolas-Favre disease, 106

Nicot inic acid, an d cystoid m acular edem a, 274

Nigh t blin dn ess, congenit al st at ion ar y, 280 differen t ial d iagn osis, 285

Nit ric acid burn, 5–7 Nodule(s), of iris, 322–325

Nonproliferat ive diabet ic ret in opathy. See Diabet ic ret inopathy, n onproliferat ive

Non steroidal an t i-in flam m ator y drugs (NSAIDs), an d subconjun ct ival hem orrh age, 3–4

NPDR. See Diabet ic ret inopathy, nonproliferat ive

O

OAG. See Glaucom a, open -angle

Ocu lar isch em ic syn drom e, 268–269, 269f differen t ial d iagn osis, 263, 264, 269

Ocu lar m assage, 268

Ocu lar vein varicosit ies, 125–126 Ocu loau ricu lovertebral dysp lasia. See

Golden h ar syndrom e Oculocerebroren al syndrom e, 135, 175 Oculogen it al syndrom e, 107t–108t

OIP. See Orbital in flam m ator y pseudot u m or On chocerciasis, 150

Open -angle glaucom a. See Glaucom a, open - angle

Oph th alm ic arter y occlusion , 266–268 Opt ic disk

capillar y h em angiom a, 334, 335f m elanocytom a, 338, 338f

Opt ic n er ve avu lsion , 26

gliom a, 81, 86 t ran sect ion , 26

Opt ic n er ve sheath, h em orrh age, 26

Opt ic n europathy, trau m at ic, 25–26, 25f Ora serrata, 296

Orbit

foreign body in , 28–29, 29f fract u res, 26–28

in fect ion s, 69–71

in flam m at ion , 71–78 differen tial diagn osis, 73t

n eoplasm s, 79–94 t raum a, 26–32

Orbital balloon, tem porar y, 303 Orbital em physem a, 26

Orbital h em orrh age, 26

Orbital in flam m ator y pseu dot u m or, 77–78, 78f, 97

Orbital varices, 85t , 93

Osteitis deform an s, an d angioid st reaks, 270 Osteogen esis im p erfect a

blue sclera in , 133–134, 134f differen tial diagn osis, 191

Osteom a

choroidal, 327–332, 331f

differen tial diagn osis, 94, 327–331 Osteom yelit is, of p aran asal sin u ses, 69, 72

P

Paecilom yces kerat it is, 149, 150

Paget disease, an d angioid st reaks, 270, 271 Palpebral fissure, 36

in bleph arophim osis syn drom e, 48, 48f Pan n us, 191–192, 192f

differen tial diagn osis, 118 Pan uveitis, 269

Papillae, 110

Papilledem a, 264, 335, 336, 337 Papillit is, 264, 335, 336, 337 Papillom a

differen tial diagn osis, 54, 133 eyelid, 51, 51f

postsurgical, 119f

Paracentesis, an terior ch am ber, 268 Parafoveal telangiectasia

differen tial diagn osis, 263, 269, 283 idiopathic, 282–283, 283f

m an agem ent , 283 presen tat ion, 282

Paran eoplast ic syn drom e, 217

Parasit ic in fest at ion , conjun ct ival cysts in , 121, 122

Parat rachom a, 106, 107t

Parin aud syn drom e, eyelid ret ract ion in, 43 Pars plan a, 296

breaks, 296

Pars plan a cyst , 290 Pars plan a pearls, 290 Pars plan it is, 200

differen tial diagn osis, 326

Par t ially accom m odat ive esot ropia, 342 Patau syn drom e, corn eal involvem en t in , 192 Pat tern dyst rophy

differen tial diagn osis, 279, 280, 281 gen et ics, 281

m an agem ent , 281 presen tat ion, 281

Pat tern st rabism us, 344–345, 345f A pat tern , 344–345, 345f

V pat tern , 344–345, 345f

Pavingstone degen erat ion , 290–291, 291f differen tial diagn osis, 286

PDR. See Diabet ic ret in opathy, proliferative Pellagra, 192

Pellu cid m argin al degenerat ion (cornea), 172–173, 173f

at ypical, 184

differen tial diagn osis, 171, 184 Pem ph igoid

cicat ricial, 63, 192

differen tial diagn osis, 63, 110, 113, 192 ocular, an d dist ich iasis, 64

ocular cicat ricial, 111–113, 112f and sym bleph aron , 116

Pem ph igus, ocular, 191

Penet rat ing keratoplast y, 185, 186f graft reject ion in, 188, 188f

Perioptic n eurit is, 78

Persisten t hyperplastic prim ar y vit reous, 326 Peters an om aly, 135, 190

PEX. See Pseudoexfoliat ion syn drom e

Ph acoanaphylact ic uveit is, 12 Ph acodon esis, 13

Ph aco m achin e

an d con n ection of air p u m p to in fu sion bot tle, 226f

prin ciples, 223, 223f su rge p h en om en on

m echanism of, 224f preven tion , 225f

Ph acom atoses, 135

Ph ar yngoconjunct ival fever, 101–103

Ph en oth iazin es, corn eal vert icillata caused by, 180

Ph en oth iazin e toxicit y, 285

Ph lycten ular keratoconjun ct ivitis, 192 Ph lyctenule, 118

Phlycten ulosis, 177 Ph otocoagulat ion

an d recu rren t corn eal erosion , 156 for ret in al detach m en t , 302

Ph otoph obia, in congen ital glaucom a, 134–135

Ph ototoxic inju r y, 275

PHPV. See Persisten t hyperplast ic prim ar y vit reous

Ph th isis bulbi, 136, 191

Picornavirus conjun ct ivit is, 101, 103–104, 103f

Pigm ent at ion s, conjun ct ival, 131–132, 131f causes, 131

Pigm en ted deposits, 129, 130, 133 Pillat scleral plaque, 140, 140f Pingu ecu la, 117–118, 117f, 118f

differen t ial d iagn osis, 120

Plasm in ogen act ivator in h ibitor 1, and cen t ral serous ch orioret in opathy, 274

Pleom orph ic aden om a, lacrim al glan d, 97–98, 97f

Pn eum at ic ret in opexy, 303 Poch in sign , 76t

POHS. See Presum ed ocular h istoplasm osis syn drom e

Polyarterit is nodosa, sclerit is in , 124

Polym orph ic am yloid degen erat ion , 178, 179f Por t-w in e stain, 126, 127f

Posn er-Sch lossm an syn drom e, 196

Posterior am orph ous st rom al dyst rophy, 166 Posterior em br yotoxon , 157, 158

Posterior sclerit is, 78, 124, 125 differen t ial d iagn osis, 329

Posterior vit reous detach m ent , and vit reous hem orrh age, 270

Pot assium hydroxide burn s, 5–7 Pre-Descem et dystrophy, 165–166 Pregn an cy, and cen t ral serous

chorioretin opathy, 273 Preser vatives, top ical, an d n eu rot ropic

keratopathy, 155

Presu m ed ocu lar h istop lasm osis syn drom e, 202–203, 202f

Prim ar y lipid keratopathy, 175, 175f Progeria, blu e sclera in , 134

Proliferat ive diabet ic ret inopathy. See Diabet ic ret inopathy, proliferat ive

Proliferat ive ret in opathy, vit reou s h em orrh age an d, 18, 19

Propionibacterium acnes, postoperat ive

en doph th alm it is caused by, 214, 241 Proptosis

in Graves oph th alm opathy, 355, 355f

in thyroid eye d isease, 43, 43f, 355, 355f Prost aglan din (s), top ical, 64

Prost ate can cer, orbital m etastases, 94 Proteus, corn eal ulcer caused by, 146 Pseu d oesot ropia, 49, 339f

Pseu d oexfoliat ion syn drom e, 249–250, 250f

Index 551

differen t ial d iagn osis, 280 Pseu d ogeron toxin , 173

Pseudom onas aeruginosa, corn eal ulcer caused by, 146

Pseu d oph akia, an d retin al detach m en t , 297 Pseu d opter ygiu m , 120

Pseu doptosis, 38

w ith m on ocu lar elevat ion deficien cy, 354–355, 354f

Pseu dostrabism u s, 339–340, 339f Pseu d ot rach om a, 112

Pseu d ot u m or, orbital, 73t

differen t ial d iagn osis, 76, 80, 86, 87, 93, 94, 128

inflam m ator y, 77–78, 78f, 97 Pseudovascularit y, 333 Pseudoxanth om a elast icum

an d angioid st reaks, 270, 271 differen t ial diagn osis, 21

Psoriatic arth rit is, ocular involvem en t in , 195

Psych oph arm acological m edication s, an d

cent ral serous ch orioret in opathy, 273 Pter ygium (pl., pter ygia), 118–120, 119f

differen t ial diagn osis, 118, 133 Ptosis, 36–41

apon eurot ic, 37f, 38 m an agem en t, 38

bilateral, 37f

in bleph arophim osis syn drom e, 48, 48f congen it al, 36, 37f

m an agem en t, 38

cont ralateral, w ith ipsilateral lid ret ract ion , 43

derm atoch alasis an d, 42–43, 42f m echanical, 38, 59, 59f

w ith m on ocular elevat ion deficiency, 354–355, 354f

m yogen ic, 38 n eurogenic, 38

overcorrect ion , 43 presen tat ion , 36–38

Pupillar y block, w ith lens sublu xat ion , 14 Pupillar y sphin cter, palsy, isolated, 348 PVD. See Posterior vit reous det ach m en t Pykn odysostosis, blu e sclera in , 134 Pyocele, 93

Pyogen ic gran u lom a, 45f

Q

Qu inin e toxicit y, 267

R

Racial pigm en tat ion, 325 Radiat ion exposure, 112, 113 Radiat ion ret in opathy, 286–287

differen t ial diagn osis, 261, 263, 264, 286 presen tat ion , 286

Radiat ion th erapy

an d conju nct ivalizat ion of corn ea, 136, 136f

an d n eurot ropic keratopathy, 155 RCE. See Recurren t corn eal erosion React ive lym ph oid hyperplasia, 80 Recurren t corn eal erosion, 156

Red eye

causes, 3, 126

differen t ial diagn osis, 126

Refractive accom m odat ive esot ropia, 341f, 342

Refsum disease

differen t ial diagn osis, 191

an d ret init is pigm en tosa, 285

Reis-Bü cklers dyst rophy, 160–161, 161f differen t ial diagn osis, 159

an d recurren t corneal erosion , 156

Reiter syn d rom e, ocu lar involvem en t in , 194–195

ReNu w ith Moist u reLoc, 149

Ret icu lar d egen erat ive ret in osch isis, 294–295 Ret in a

con t u sion , 266

cystoid degen erat ion , 288–289 ret icu lar, 288

t ypical, 288–289 degen erat ion s, 288–291

develop m en t al an om alies, 288–291 edem a, post t raum atic, 21–22

en closed oral bay, 289, 289f equator, 296

exophyt ic capillar y h em angiom a, differen t ial d iagn osis, 329

flecked, 280, 280f. See also Fun dus flavim aculat us; Stargardt disease

hem orrh ages, post t raum at ic, 21–22 m edical, 260–287

m eridion al com plex, 289 m eridion al folds, 289, 289f necrosis

acu te, d ifferen t ial diagn osis, 21 post t rau m at ic, 21–22

su rgical, 288–321

tears, post t raum at ic, 21–22 t um ors, 333–337

Ret in al breaks

acu te p resen tat ion , 298

id en t ificat ion , 300–301, 300f

localizat ion , 300–301, 300f, 305–306, 306f opercu lated, 297f, 298

t ypes, 297–298, 297f

Ret in al cap illar y h em angiom a, diabet ic, 269 Ret in al det ach m en t , 296–305

acu te presen tat ion , 298

after cataract surger y, 239–240, 240f aphakic, 239–240, 240f

causes, 21

cent rifugal forces an d, 296

differen t ial diagn osis, 19, 274, 295, 298–299

exu dat ive

ch aracterist ics, 299t

differen t ial diagn osis, 285, 298, 299t localized serous. See Cen t ral serous

chorioret in opathy m an agem en t, 300–305

out pat ien t tech n iques, 303–305, 303f, 304f, 305f

surgical failure, 303

path ology, color-coded diagram , 306, 307f

post trau m at ic, 21–22, 22f

rh egm atogen ous, 239–240, 296 characterist ics, 299t

differen tial diagn osis, 298, 299t epidem iology, 296

m an agem ent , 300–301, 301f presen tat ion, 296–298

risk factors for, 296–297 t ract ion al

characterist ics, 299t

differen tial diagn osis, 298, 299t

in proliferat ive ret in opathy, 261, 263f Ret in al dialysis, 297f, 298

and ret inal detachm en t , 21, 22f

Ret in al pigm en t degenerat ion, secon dar y, in syph ilis, 198

Ret in al pigm en t ep ith eliu m

congen it al hypert rophy, 332, 332f differen tial diagn osis, 327, 328, 330,

331, 332

h em orrh agic det ach m en t , differen t ial diagn osis, 329

hyperplasia, differen tial diagn osis, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332

in farct ion s, 260–261

posth em orrh age h em osiderin deposits, differen tial diagn osis, 332

t u m ors, 332–333 Ret in al tears, 296–305

flap , 297, 297f

h orsesh oe, 297, 297f Ret in al telangiectasis

an d cystoid m acular edem a, 274 differen t ial d iagn osis, 275

Ret in al t u fts, 293–294 cyst ic, 293

non cyst ic, 293–294 zon ular t raction , 294

Ret in al vein occlu sion , an d cystoid m acu lar edem a, 274

Ret in it is

acu te, d ifferen t ial diagn osis, 264 cytom egaloviru s, 208, 208f differen t ial d iagn osis, 266

Ret in it is p igm en tosa, 284–285, 284f an d cystoid m acu lar edem a, 274 differen t ial d iagn osis, 285

m an agem en t, 285

ocu lar associat ion s, 285 presen tat ion , 284–285 system ic associat ion s, 285

Ret in it is pu n ct a albescen s, 279, 280 Ret in oblastom a, 216t, 333–334

associated m align an cies, 334

differen t ial d iagn osis, 201, 216, 323, 324, 326, 333, 335, 336, 337

epidem iology, 333 genet ics, 333–334 m an agem en t , 334 presen t at ion , 334

vit reou s h em orrhage w ith , 18 Retin op athy

cen t ral serou s, 263

t um or-associated, 217

Retin opathy of prem at urit y, an d degenerat ive m yopia, 272

Retin opexy, pn eum at ic, 305 Retin osch isis

differen t ial d iagn osis, 298–299, 299f ret icu lar degen erat ive, 294–295

sen ile, 294–295

Rh abd om yosarcom a, 87–89, 88f–89f differen t ial d iagn osis, 59, 78, 94

Rh egm atogen ou s ret in al det ach m en t , 239–240, 296

ch aracterist ics, 299t

differen t ial d iagn osis, 298, 299t epidem iology, 296

m an agem en t , 300–301, 301f presen t at ion , 296–298

risk factors for, 296–297 Rh eu m atoid arth rit is

episcleritis in , 123

perip h eral u lcerat ive kerat it is in , 182–184, 183f

sclerit is in , 124 Rh exis

in m at ure cat aract , 222–223, 223f–226f in sen ile cataract , 226–227, 226f–229f

Rieger an om aly syn drom e, 135 Riesm an sign , 76t

Rosacea

differen t ial d iagn osis, 182, 183 ocu lar, 100–101, 100f

RPE. See Ret in al pigm ent epith elium

RP inversu s, differen t ial diagn osis, 279, 280 RRD. See Rh egm atogen ous ret inal

det ach m en t