Diabetic Macular Edema |
3 |
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Francesco Bandello, Ilaria Zucchiatti, Rosangela Lattanzio,
and Chiara Preziosa
Contents
3.1 |
Clinical Overview ......................................................................................................... |
66 |
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3.1.1 |
Clinical Findings............................................................................................. |
66 |
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3.1.2 Biomicroscopic Classification of DME .......................................................... |
67 |
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3.2 |
Diagnostic Tools............................................................................................................ |
71 |
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3.2.1 |
Fluorescein Angiography................................................................................ |
71 |
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3.2.2 |
Optical Coherence Tomography ..................................................................... |
74 |
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3.2.3 |
Fundus Photography ....................................................................................... |
77 |
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3.2.4 |
Microperimetry ............................................................................................... |
77 |
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3.2.5 |
Multifocal Electroretinogram.......................................................................... |
78 |
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3.2.6 Other Imaging Under Investigation................................................................. |
78 |
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3.3 |
Present Therapies .......................................................................................................... |
79 |
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3.3.1 |
Laser Photocoagulation................................................................................... |
79 |
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3.3.2 |
Intravitreal Pharmacotherapies ....................................................................... |
85 |
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3.3.3 |
Pars Plana Vitrectomy..................................................................................... |
101 |
3.4 |
Evolving Algorithms..................................................................................................... |
104 |
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3.4.1 |
Therapeutic Algorithms .................................................................................. |
104 |
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3.4.2 Factors Associated with Favorable Response to the Therapy......................... |
107 |
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3.4.3 Treatment of DME Associated with Macular Ischemia.................................. |
107 |
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3.5 |
New Frontiers................................................................................................................ |
111 |
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References.................................................................................................................... |
............ |
113 |
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F. Bandello, MD, FEBO (*) • I. Zucchiatti, MD • R. Lattanzio, MD • C. Preziosa, MD Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute,
Scientific Institute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy e-mail: bandello.francesco@hsr.it; ilaria.zucchiatti@gmail.com; lattanzio.rosangela@hsr.it; preziosachiara@gmail.com
F. Bandello et al. (eds.), Clinical Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy, |
65 |
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54503-0_3, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 |
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