Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / The Ophthalmic Study Guide for Nurses and Health Professionals_Field_2009
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The ophthalmic study guide
3.Any two of haemorrhagic glaucoma, thrombotic glaucoma, congestive glaucoma, rubeotic glaucoma and diabetic haemorrhagic glaucoma.
4.Steroid responders.
5.An inflammatory glaucoma.
6.Pigment dispersal syndrome.
7.In women.
Chapter 11
Retinal problems
1.Any two from myopia, ageing, trauma and cataract surgery.
2.Any two from laser treatment, cryothermy and explant (plomb, encirclement, retinopexy, silicone tamponade, vitrectomy).
3.Retinopathy of prematurity.
4.It affects both.
5.Because the retina is in danger of ‘peeling off’ further. If the macula is still ‘on’ then the situation is more critical.
6.Because manipulating the extraocular muscles when placing the band causes increased discomfort and because the band itself is tight.
7.From blunt trauma to the eye.
8.Neovascular glaucoma.
9.Any two from smoking, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.
Chapter 12
Age-related macular degeneration
1.Any two from genetic factors, smoking, obesity, race, gender, diet and prolonged sun exposure.
2.Dry. It accounts for 90% of cases.
3.Any two from distortion of straight lines, subdued colour perception and reduced visual acuity.
4.Visual acuity tests such as the logMAR, Amsler test, near vision test, or the Ishihara colour test, RAPD or IOP.
5.OCT (ocular coherence tomography) and angiography.
6.To stop smoking, to reduce exposure to ultraviolet light, to improve their diet (and take vitamin supplements) and to cooperate with their GP in the control of hypertension and blood cholesterol.
7.Ranibizumab.
8.Sudden pain, a further reduction in visual acuity, floaters or flashing lights.
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Index
accommodation 26 acetazolamide 14, 104
age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 133–41 age-related macular degeneration (AMD), care of 135 age-related macular degeneration (AMD),
development of 134
age-related macular degeneration (AMD), symptoms of 135
age-related macular degeneration (AMD), tests for 135 air travel 126
allergies 38
ammetropia (refractive error) 27 Amsler grid 161
anatomy and physiology of the eye 6–19 angiography 136
angle recession glaucoma 111 anisometropia 29
anterior chamber 75 anterior lens capsule 14 anterior uveitis 113 apraclonidine 95 aqueous humour 14 A-scan machine 58
Association of Health Professionals in Ophthalmology (AHPO) 1
astigmatism 29 autorefractor 32, 77 axial length of the eye 56 axis number 32
‘bandage’ corneal lens 178 bifocal lenses 33 biometry 56 blepharospasm 87
blood supply to the eye and orbit 8 bony orbit 8
Bowman’s membrane 13 British National Formulary 37 brown cataract 68
B-scanner 149
canal of Schlemm 16, 87 canthus 8
capsular phimosis 78 capsulorhexis 67, 68
cataract care, postoperative 73–82
cataract development, predisposing factors in 50 cataract information, preoperative 49–59 cataract maturity 52
cataract patients, intraoperative management of 63–69 cataract surgery, complications of 73
cataract surgery, discharge protocol 80, 81 cataract surgery, postoperative review 77, 79
cataract surgery, reasons for poor vision in the intermediate postoperative period 75
cataracts, acquired 50 cataracts, age-related 51
cataracts, congenital 49 cataracts, metabolic 51 cataracts, traumatic 51, 52 change 1
choroid 13, 14 ciliary body 13, 14
commotio retinae 126 compliance 92 concretion removal 182 conjunctiva 11
conjunctival swabs 162, 163 contact lenses 30
conventional drainage route 15, 86 convergence 26
cornea 12, 75 corneal abrasion 73
corneal decompensation 68 corneal endothelium 13 corneal incision 67 cryothermy 124 cyclocryothermy 112 cylinder 32
cystoid macula oedema 78
Descemet’s membrane 13 diabetes mellitus 53 diabetic eye disease 127 diabetic retinopathy 121 dilator pupillae 14 dioptre 32
direct ophthalmoscope 147 disposable tonometer prisms 169 double vision 73
drainage angle 15 driving vision 158
drugs and cataract formation 51 dry AMD 135, 139
dry eyes 10
electronic focimeter/lens analyser 54 Electronic Medicines Compendium 37 emmetropia (normal sight) 27 endophthalmitis 78
end-stage neovascular glaucoma (absolute glaucoma) 112 entropion 179
epilation of an eyelash 182 epiphora 87
epithelium 12 exophthalmometer 145 expulsive haemorrhage 67 exudative retinal detachment 122 eye care 174
eye-drops 37, 111, 175 eyelid 8, 179
eyelid eversion 180 eyelid taping 179
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The ophthalmic study guide
eyelid problems 9 eye pad 177
floppy iris syndrome 68 fluorescein break-up time 10 focimeter 55
focusing the eye for near vision 26 foramen 8
fornices 11
Fuchs’ dystrophy 68
Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome 114 fundal photography 149 fundus 17, 133
ghost cell glaucoma 111 glaucoma 85–116 glaucoma, congenital 85 glaucoma drugs 93
glaucoma filtration valve implants 97 glaukomflecken 106
glaucomas, secondary – see secondary glaucomas
Goldman applanation tonometry 85, 86, 168 goniolens 148
goniotomy 87
Humphrey Field Analyser 90, 150, 151 hypermetropia (long-sightedness) 28
index myopia 50
indirect ophthalmoscope 147–8 inferior orbital fissure 8 inflammatory glaucoma 113, 114 internet 1
intraocular pressure 76, 86, 104, 167 intraoperative problems 67
IOL Master 56, 57 iris 13
iritis 76 irrigation 181
Ishihara test for colour blindness 160 ISNT rule 90
Jackson crossed-cylinder technique 32
lacrimal apparatus 9, 11
Lacrimal sac syringing and washout 164 laser safety 128
laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) 94
LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) 30 lazy (amblyopic) eye 158
lens 14
lens box and trial frame 31 lens dislocation glaucoma 110 lens nucleus 15
lens zonules 14
lens zonules, weakness of 68 lifelong learning 2
limbus 12
local anaesthesia in cataract surgery 64 logMAR chart 159
macula 17, 133 macular hole 121
macular translocation 140 maxillary bone 8 meibomian glands 9 mentor 2
minim 38
myopia (short-sightedness) 27
National Health Service Knowledge and Skills Framework 3 National Library of Health 2
near (reading vision) test 160 neovascular glaucoma 111, 112 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) 91 Nursing and Midwifery Council 2
ocular hypertension (OHT) 91 oculocardiac reflex 64 one-stop cataract facility 52 ophthalmic abbreviations 175 ophthalmic equipment 145–53 ophthalmic instruments 66 ophthalmic lasers 152 ophthalmic procedures 155–84
ophthalmic theatre staff behaviour 65 optic canal 8
optic disc 17
optic disc assessment 90 optic nerves 18
optic pathways 18, 19
optical coherence tomography (OCT) 137 optokinetic drum 146
orbicularis oculi 8
pachymeter 146 palpaebral fissure 8
pan-retinal laser photocoagulation 111 pars plana 14
pars plicata 14
Patient Group Directions 47
patient position in cataract surgery 63 peribulbar injection/s 65
peripheral iridotomy 105 Perkins tonometer 170
phaco-emulsification of cataract 67 phacolytic glaucoma 109 phacomorphic glaucoma 109 pharmacology 37–47
phasing tests 94 phenylephrine 37 phoropter 32
photodynamic therapy 112, 139 photophobia 87
pigment dispersion syndrome 114 pinhole occluder 157
plateau iris 102 plomb 124
pneumatic retinopexy 124 pneumotonometry 170 Posner–Schlossman syndrome 114
208
Index
posterior capsular fibrosis 80 posterior lens capsule 14
preoperative assessment of the cataract patient 53 presbyopia (ageing eyes) 30
primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (PAAC) 101–6 primary acute angle-closure glaucoma, causes of 101 primary acute angle-closure glaucoma, prognosis 105, 106 primary acute angle-closure glaucoma, symptoms of 103 primary acute angle-closure glaucoma,
treatment priorities 103 primary infantile glaucoma 87
primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) 88 primary open-angle glaucoma, diagnosis 90
primary open-angle glaucoma, medical treatments for 92 primary open-angle glaucoma, predisposing factors 89 prism 32
prodromal primary acute angle-closure 102 professional competence 2
professional portfolio 2, 4 pseudoexfoliation 114 puncta 8
pupil block 101 pupil constriction 26
pupil dilatation 106, 127
pupils equal and reacting to light and accommodation (PERLA) 171
reading additions 32 ready-readers 33
red cell glaucoma 110 red reflex 76 refraction 25–34
refraction, cycloplegic 30 refraction, objective 30 refraction, subjective 31 refractive errors, correction of 30 refractive problems 75
relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD; Marcus Gunn pupil) 171
removal of a superficial corneal foreign body 183 retina 16, 17, 76, 80, 119–29
retinal artery occlusion 128 retinal detachment 119 retinal detachment,
nursing management of a patient with 122 retinal imaging 150
retinal ischaemia 111 retinal surgery care 123–5 retinal vein occlusion 128 retinitis pigmentosa 126
retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) 121 retinoscopy 31, 147
retrobulbar injection 64 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 119
rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, treatments for 121 Royal National Institute for the Blind 49
rubeosis iridis 111
Schirmer’s test 10, 165 sclera 12
secondary glaucomas 109–16 Seidel test 173
selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) 95 Sheridan–Gardiner test 159
side port 67 silicone band 124 silicone oil 80, 124
single-vision lenses 33 slit lamp 172
Snellen chart 50, 156 spectacles 30, 33 sphenoid bone 8 sphere 32
sphincter pupillae 14 steroid-induced glaucoma 112 stroma 13
Sub-Tenon’s injection 64 superior orbital fissure 8
taxonomy 3 tear drainage 11 tear film 9
tear production 10 tonometry 86 TonoPen 170
topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery 65 trabecular meshwork 15, 86 trabeculectomy 87, 95, 96, 112 trabeculectomy, complications of 97 tractional retinal detachment 121
trans-scleral diode laser photocoagulation 112 trial frame 31, 32
uveal tract 13 uveitis 76, 78, 113
uveoscleral drainage route 16, 86
varifocal lenses 33 viscoelastic gel 67
visual field assessment 90
visual impairment and registration 141 vitrectomy 124
vitreous humour 16 vitreous prolapse 76
wet AMD 135, 137 white cataract 68 wound leak 75
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