Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / The Eye Care Sourcebook_Lavine_2001

Opticians, 41–42 Optic nerve

anatomy of, 9, 10, 18 effect of LASIK on, 55–56

effect of medications on, 151 in glaucoma, 145, 146, 147 problems with

from aneurysms, 227, 233 in autoimmune diseases, 233

benign intracranial hypertension, 233 from blood loss, 232–33

detecting, 227 from injuries, 232

ischemic optic neuropathy, 229–32 nutrition in, 233

optic neuritis, 228–29 from surgery, 232 symptoms of, 226–27

Optic neuritis, 228–29 Orbit (eye socket), 9 Orthoptists, 114 Osmotic agents, 167 Overcorrections, 113

Oxidation, 125–26, 197–98

Pain, referred, 244–45 Palpebral fissure, 81

Panretinal photocoagulation, 178, 221–22 Pantothenic acid, 291

Papillomas, 75

Parkinson’s disease, 254–56 Patches, eye

in treating abrasions, 83–84 in treating amblyopia, 111–12

Pencil push-ups, 114–15 Perimetry, 29, 147–48, 227 Periorbital cellulitis, 66 Peripheral vision, 29 Phacolytic glaucoma, 122 Phenothiazines, 274

Phlyctenular conjunctivitis, 61–62 Phosphorus, 299

Photodynamic therapy, 209

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), 54, 55, 56 Photosensitizers, 132, 209

Photo-stress test, 36 Phytochemicals, 302–4 Pigmentary glaucoma, 15, 157 Pigment epithelium, 17, 188 Pilocarpine, 153, 160–61 Pinguecula, 105

Pinkeye. See Conjunctivitis Pissarello, Carlo, 161–62

Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine), 272–73 Pneumatic retinopexy, 213

POHS (Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome), 222–24

Polyphenols, 133, 303

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, 269–71, 283–84 Posterior chamber, 10, 13

Posterior subcapsular cataracts, 123, 134, 135, 138, 271

Posterior vitreous face detachment, 211 Postherpetic neuralgia, 261–62, 263 Presbyopia, 14, 15, 27–28, 40

contact lenses in, 47–48 Prescriptions, eyeglass, 40–41

Pressure checks, 1–2, 34, 145–46, 148–49 Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome

(POHS), 222–24 Prisms, 115

PRK (photorefractive keratectomy), 54, 55, 56 Progressive addition lenses, 44–45 Proliferative retinopathy, 178

Prooxidants, 129–30 Prostaglandins, 154–55, 163–64

Protein, in diet, 180, 191, 278, 280–83 Pseudoesotropia, 108 Pseudomembranous colitis, 226 Pseudotumor cerebri, 233

Psoriasis, 242 Pterygium, 43, 103–4 Ptosis, 79–81 Puncta, 30, 70 Pupils, 9, 10, 15

examinations of, 31, 227 Gunn, 227

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), 288–89 Pyrimethamine, 225

Radial keratotomy, 52–53 Radiation, 104, 209 Reading

and cataracts, 121–22

convergence insufficiency during, 113–15 in the dark, 2

glasses for, 43, 115 Recession surgery, 109 Rectus muscles, 18–19 Refraction, 26–28 Refractive errors, 26–28

astigmatism, 27, 39–40 defined, 39–40 estimate of, 28

hyperopia (farsightedness), 26–27, 28, 39 myopia (nearsightedness), 26, 28, 39, 53 presbyopia, 14, 15, 27–28, 40

spasm of accommodation, 27 Refractive surgery, 51–57

advantages of, 51

complications of, 53–56 considerations of, 52

intrastromal corneal ring segments, 56 LASIK, 53–56

lens implants, 56–57, 140 physicians in, 51–52

PRK (photorefractive keratectomy), 54, 55, 56

radial keratotomy, 52–53 reasons for, 51

Reiter’s syndrome, 238–39, 242 Relative afferent pupillary defect, 227 Retina

anatomy of, 9, 10, 17–18, 188 disorders of

hemorrhages, 178

and high blood pressure, 215–17 macular degeneration, 187–10 macular holes, 214–15

macular pucker, 215

presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, 222–24

retinal detachment, 6, 141, 178, 210–14, 267

tears in, 211–13

toxoplasmosis, 224–26, 243, 266 examination of, 34–35

infection of, 224, 243 neurosensory, 188

Retinal artery

anatomy of, 10, 17–18 occlusion of, 5–6, 216, 217–20

Retinal vein

anatomy of, 10, 17–18 occlusion of, 216, 220–22

Retinitis

cytomegalovirus, 263–66 pigmentosa, 286

Retinochoroiditis, 224, 243 Retinopathy

diabetic, 177–86 and aspirin, 184

background retinopathy, 177, 179 and cholesterol, 180–82 controlling naturally, 180–83 described, 177–78

and diet, 180–82

and gingko biloba, 185–86 hard exudates in, 178, 179–82 laser treatments in, 178–80 and magnesium, 183–84, 299 and omega-3 fatty acids, 185 and vitamin E, 184–85

hypertensive, 216, 217 proliferative, 178

Retinoscopy, 28, 111 Retrospective studies, 126–27

Riboflavin (vitamin B2), 132, 287–88 Rice diet, 162–164, 181

Rods, 17, 188, 269 Rosacea, 61

Rubeosis iridis, 15, 33, 35, 216, 218 Rutin, 160–61

Sarcoidosis, 243 Scarring

of choroid, 17 of cornea, 11 Schirmer test, 49, 67

Schlemm canal, 10, 13 Sclera, 9, 10, 12–13

Scleral buckling procedure, 213 Seborrhea of the scalp, 62 Secondary cataracts, 142, 211 Secondary glaucoma, 150, 272 Sedimentation rate, 218, 230 Selenium, 301–2

Sensory retina, 17 Shingles, 119, 260–63 Sildenafil, 276

Skin tags, 75

Slit lamp, 32–33, 87 Smoking

and cataracts, 135

and corneal infections, 91 and glaucoma, 157

and macular degeneration, 199, 206–7 and optic nerve damage, 233

Spasm of accommodation, 27 Squamous cell carcinomas, 77 Starch, 280

Statins, 275 Stereopsis, 31, 107

Stocker, Frederick, 160–61, 163 Stress, 244, 245

Stroma, 11, 90 Styes

defined, 64 susceptibility to, 64–65 treatment of, 65–66

Subconjunctival hemorrhage, 105–6 Subretinal neovascularization, 223 Sugar

blood, 173, 174–77, 180 in diet, 279–80

Sunlight exposure and cataracts, 136

and macular degeneration, 199, 201–2, 207 Surgery

biopsies, 218, 230–31

cataract, 1, 136–42 alternatives to, 138–39

combining with glaucoma surgery, 169

complications of, 141–42 epidemic of, 136–37 incision size in, 140–41 indications for, 137–38 procedure for, 139–40

for chalazia, 65–66 dacryocystorhinostomy, 72–73 for entropion, 79

for glaucoma, 167–70

for infantile esotropia, 109–10 for macular degeneration, 209–10 and optic nerve damage, 232

for pterygium, 104 for ptosis, 80–81 refractive, 51–57

to remove carcinomas, 76–77 for retinal detachment, 213–14 for tearing problems, 73

Swinging flashlight test, 31, 227 Synechiae, 35, 238

Syphilis, 242–43, 267

Tamoxifen, 274

Tea, antioxidants in, 133 Tear breakup time, 55, 67–68 Tears

artificial tears, 63–64, 68 importance of, 66

and lacrimal system, 30 quality of, 55

as a symptom, 73 tear film, 66–67

Tear system (lacrimal system) disorders of, 30

adult tear duct problems, 71–72 infant tear duct problems, 70–71 inflammation and enlargement of tear

gland, 74

tearing as symptom, 71–72 tear duct in, 30, 70–73

tear gland in, 30, 70, 74 tear sac in, 30, 70

Temporal arteritis, 218, 230–31 Tensilon test, 81

Thiamin (vitamin B1), 160, 287 Thyroid disorders

hyperthyroidism, 250, 251–52

hypothyroidism, 250, 251 thyroid ophthalmopathy, 252–54

TIAs (Transient ischemic attacks), 6, 120, 218 Tinted lenses, 42

Tobacco alcohol amblyopia, 233 Tonometry, 1–2, 34, 145–46, 148–49 Toxoplasmosis, 224–26, 243, 266 Trabecular meshwork, 13–14 Trabeculectomy, 169–170 Trabeculoplasty, argon laser, 168–69 Tranquilizers, 273–74

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 6, 120, 218 Transplantation, corneal, 89

Trifocals, 44

Triptans, 248

Tuberculosis (TB) drugs, 276 Tumors

brain, 119, 250 eyelid

basal cell carcinoma, 76–77 epithelial inclusion cyst, 74 molluscum contagiosum, 75, 267–68 oil gland tumors, 74–75

papilloma, 75

squamous cell carcinoma, 77 xanthelasma, 75

in optic nerve problems, 227, 233 Twitching, eyelid, 7–8

Ulcerative colitis, 242 Ulcers, corneal, 11, 50, 90–93 UV coating on lenses, 42–43 Uvea, 9, 16

Uveitis

defined, 14, 235–36

determining the causes of, 238–39 diagnosing, 237–38

diseases associated with, 236 symptoms of, 236–37

treating specific causes of, 242–43 treatment of, 239–42

vitreous humor in, 16

Van Eck, William, 181

Varicella zoster. See Herpes viruses

Vascular headaches. See Migraine headaches Vasculopathic nerve palsy, 118

Vegetables, leafy green, 202–3, 206 Vein, retinal

anatomy of, 10, 17–18 occlusion of, 216, 220–22