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T H E

E Y E C A R E

S O U R C E B O O K

JAY B. LAVINE, M.D.

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Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

Copyright © 2001 by Jay B. Levine. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

0-07-142070-3

The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-7373-0395-6

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TERMS OF USE

This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.

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DOI: 10.1036/0071420703

For more information about this title, click here.

Contents

Foreword

ix

Introduction

xi

C H A P T E R O N E

 

Myths About Vision and the Eyes

1

It Is Desirable to Detect Cataract As Soon As It Appears Cataracts Are Removed by Laser Eye Pressure Checks Diagnose Glaucoma Contact Lenses Help Keep Eyes from Changing Exercises Can Improve Your Vision

Wearing Your Glasses Too Much Makes You Dependent on Them People Who Need Glasses Have Weak Eyes Reading in the Dark Harms Your Eyes

Using Your Eyes Too Much Weakens Them Children Often Outgrow Crossed Eyes Taking Vitamin Supplements Is the Best Way to Good Nutrition

A Low-Carbohydrate,High-Protein Diet Helps with Weight Loss and Prevents Diabetes Eating Whatever You Want in Moderation Is the Key to Good Nutrition and Healthy Eyes Most Eye Diseases Cannot Be Prevented

C H A P T E R T W O

What Should You Do If . . .

?

5

You Get Some Acid, Oven Cleaner, or Other Chemical in Your Eyes? You Suddenly Lose Vision in One Eye? You Get a Foreign Body in Your Eye?

III

Copyright 2001 by Jay B. Levine. Click Here for Terms of Use.

C O N T E N T S

You Can’t Get Your Contact Lens Out? You See Floating Spots and Flashing Lights? Your Eyelid Keeps Twitching?

C H A P T E R T H R E E

Anatomy of the Eye

9

The Cornea The Sclera and Conjunctiva The Anterior Chamber The Trabecular Meshwork The Ciliary Body The Iris and Pupil The Lens

The Vitreous Humor The Choroid The Retina The Optic Nerve

The External Eye Muscles

C H A P T E R F O U R

Eye History and Examination

21

The History The Eye Examination

 

C H A P T E R F I V E

 

Vision Correction

39

Eyeglasses Contact Lenses Refractive Surgery

 

C H A P T E R S I X

 

Eyelids and Lacrimal System

59

Blepharitis Chalazia and Styes Dry Eye Syndrome Lacrimal Problems

 

Common Eyelid Tumors Ectropion and Entropion Ptosis

 

C H A P T E R S E V E N

Cornea and Conjunctiva

83

Corneal Abrasions and Lacerations Superficial Foreign Bodies Corneal Clouding Corneal Infections and Ulcers Conjunctivitis Allergies and the Eye Episcleritis Pterygium Pinguecula Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

C H A P T E R E I G H T

Eye Muscles

107

Esotropia Amblyopia Exotropia Exophoria and Esophoria Double Vision Long-Standing Muscle Imbalances

IV

C O N T E N T S

C H A P T E R N I N E

Cataract

121

The Crystalline Lens Types of Cataract How Cataract Occurs How the Lens Protects Itself from Oxidation Preventing Cataract Daily Vitamins: Panacea or Placebo? Antioxidants The Dairy Connection Other Risk Factors for Cataract Cataract Surgery Summary and Recommendations

C H A P T E R T E N

Glaucoma

145

A Careful Examination: The Key to Diagnosis Glaucoma Treatment: Control Is the Goal The Effects of Lifestyle Choices on Glaucoma Glaucoma Surgery Summary Recommendations

C H A P T E R E L E V E N

Diabetes

173

Complications of Diabetes The Eye: The Body’s Showcase for Diabetic Complications Diabetic Retinopathy: The Greatest Threat to Vision

Laser: It May Save Your Vision, but Don’t Get Burned! Controlling Retinopathy Naturally Magnesium: The Case of the Disappearing Mineral

Promising Nutritional Approaches Summary Recommendations

C H A P T E R T W E L V E

 

Retina and Optic Nerve

187

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Parts of the Retina Types of Macular Degeneration Causes of Macular Degeneration Nutritional Considerations

Other Lifestyle Risk Factors Staying Dry: Self-Monitoring Surgery for Macular Degeneration Retinal Detachment Macular Holes and Pucker

High Blood Pressure and the Eye Retinal Blood Vessel Occlusions Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome Toxoplasmosis Optic Nerve Problems

C H A P T E R T H I R T E E N

Special Topics

235

Uveitis Headaches Thyroid Disorders Parkinson’s Disease Herpes Infections AIDS Optimizing Infant Vision Drug Side Effects

V

C O N T E N T S

 

C H A P T E R F O U R T E E N

 

A Primer on Nutrition

277

Energy Sources Fiber Vitamins Minerals Phytochemicals

 

Notes

305

Glossary

311

Selected Resources

321

Bibliography

323

Index

329

VI

IMPORTANT NOTICE

The purpose of this book is educational. If you have medical problems or are on medication, any decisions concerning your care, including changes in diet, medications, or supplements, should be made only under the supervision of a competent physician. If you have any questions regarding information in this book, you can contact Dr. Lavine through his Web site at http://www.drlavine.org.

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Foreword

THE EYES ARE MIRACULOUS MACHINES. THESE TINY PERFECT organs focus images from great distances, track movement, tell us about depth—and provide all this in vivid color. These miniature cameras

are so complex, it’s no wonder we entrust their care only to highly trained professionals. Unlike our skin, which we dab with salves and potions, or our hearts, which we strengthen with exercise and diets, our eyes are strictly the province of specialists with bewildering diagnostic instruments and treatments that are more astounding every day.

But even in this complex area of medicine, some of the most powerful interventions are those we make ourselves. Take macular degeneration, for example. This relentless damage to the retina is a leading cause of blindness in older people. Yet research shows that a few simple, but important, changes in diet can help us hold this disease at arm’s length.

People who eat plenty of green leafy vegetables cut their risk of macular degeneration dramatically. The credit goes to powerful protectors, called lutein and zeaxanthin, hidden in plant foods. More protection comes from avoiding fatty foods. Whether because avoiding fats allows blood to flow more easily through the tiny vessels in the eyes or for some other reason, people who choose a lean vegetarian entrée instead of chicken salad do themselves a huge favor, not just for their hearts, but for their eyes, too.

IX

Copyright 2001 by Jay B. Levine. Click Here for Terms of Use.