Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / The Eye Book A Complete Guide to Eye Disorders and Health_Cassel, Billig, Randall_2001

A JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS HEALTH BOOK

The Eye Book

A Complete Guide

to Eye Disorders and Health

Gary H. Cassel, M.D.

Michael D. Billig, O.D.

Harry G. Randall, M.D.

The Johns Hopkins University Press

Baltimore & London

Note to the Reader: This book is not meant to substitute for professional eye care, and decisions about treatment should not be based solely on its contents. Instead, treatment must be developed in a dialogue between the individual and his or her eye care professional. Our book has been written to help with that dialogue.

© 1998 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. First edition 1998

Large Print Edition 2000

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu

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Cassel, Gary H., 1953–

The eye book : a complete guide to eye disorders and health / Gary H. Cassel, Michael D. Billig, Harry G. Randall.—Large print ed.

p. cm. — (A Johns Hopkins Press health book) Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8018-6520-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Eye—Diseases—Popular works. 2. Eye—Popular works. 3. Large type books. I. Billig, Michael D., 1956– II. Randall, Harry G., 1934– III. Title. IV. Series.

RE51.C34 2001 617.7—dc21

A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.

Illustrations by Jacqueline Schaffer

A webpage for this book and an e-mail link to the authors are located within the Johns Hopkins University Press website at www. press.jhu.edu.

This book is dedicated to all our patients, who over the years have helped us realize that caring is one of the most important aspects of eye care.

Contents

List of Figures ix

Foreword, by Morton F. Goldberg, M.D., F.A.C.S. xii

Preface xiv

PART I Introduction

1. A Guide to the Adult Eye 3

2. How Our Vision Changes over Time 21

PART II Getting to 20/20

3. The Eye Exam 51

4. All about Eyeglasses 79

5. Contact Lenses: Everything You Need to Know 117

6. Refractive Surgery: Don’t Discard Those Spectacles

Just Yet 174

PART III The Big Problems for Aging Eyes

7.Cataracts 191

8.Glaucoma, the “Silent Thief ” 244

9. Age-Related Macular Degeneration 291

viii / CONTENTS

PART IV Other Eye Problems: Diagnosis

and Treatment

10. The Eyelids 313

11.The Cornea 329

12.The Conjunctiva 342

13. The Complicated World of Tears 353

14. The Uvea: Iris, Ciliary Body, and Choroid 372

15. The Retina and Vitreous 378

16. The Optic Nerve 396

PART V Other Things You Need to Know

17. Eye Trauma and Emergencies 407

18. General Health Problems That Can Affect the Eyes 419 19. Coping with Low Vision 476

20. Common Medications That Affect the Eyes 492

APPENDIX A Guide to Eye Medications and Their Side Effects 505

Signs and Symptoms Index 538

General Index 546

Figures

1.3.The Lens 12

1.4.Retina, Choroid, and Sclera, and Neural

Connections in the Retina 14

1.5.The Retina 16

1.6.Eye Muscles 16

1.7. How We See 18

1.8.Crossover System between the Eyes and the Brain 19

2.1.Normal Eye, Nearsighted Eye, and Farsighted Eye 24

2.2.Astigmatism 28

2.3.Presbyopia 30

3.2.Slit Lamp Biomicroscope with Applanation Tonometer 62