Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment_Sardegna, Shelly, Shelly, Steidl_2002

ÑÑÑ.Vision Research: A National Plan, 1983–1987 Volume Two/Part Two. NIH Publication No. 83Ð2472. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing OfÞce, 1987.

ÑÑÑ.Vision Research: A National Plan, 1983–1987 Volume Two/Part Four. NIH Publication No. 83Ð2472. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing OfÞce, 1987.

ÑÑÑ.Vision Research: A National Plan, 1983–1987 Volume Two/Part Five. NIH Publication No. 83Ð2475. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing OfÞce, 1987.

U.S. Department of Labor. Interviewing Guides for Specific Disabilities. Washington, D.C.: DOL, 1977.

U.S. Postal Service. Mailing Free Matter for Blind and Visually Handicapped Persons. Washington, D.C.: USPS, 1985.

Vander, James F., and Janice A. Gault. Ophthalmology Secrets. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 1998.

Vaughn, Daniel, and Taylor Asbury. General Ophthalmology. Los Altos, Calif.: Lange Medical Publications, 1977.

Vaughn, Lewis, ed. The Complete Book of Vitamins and Minerals for Health. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, 1988.

Vernon, McCay, Joann A. Boughman and Linda Annala.

Considerations in Diagnosing Usher’s Syndrome: RP and Hearing Loss. Baltimore: RP Foundation Fighting Blindness, 1982.

Veterans Administration. Federal Benefits for Veterans and Dependents. Washington, D.C.: VA, 1988.

Vision Place (The). ÒTreating Glaucoma with Eye Drops.Ó Available online. URL: http://www.thevisionplace. com/VisionPlaceIII/discover/treatglcdrops.htm.

ÑÑÑ. ÒLaser Treatment for Glaucoma.Ó Available online. URL: http://www.thevisionplace.com/VisionPlaceIII/discover/treatglclaser.htm.

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Walsh, Sara R., and Robert Holzberg, eds. Understanding and Educating the Deaf-Blind/Severely and Profoundly Handicapped. SpringÞeld, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1981.

Ware, Mary A., and Lois O. Schwab. ÒChild Rearing by Blind Parents.Ó The New Outlook (June 1971): 169Ð174.

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Warren, David H. Blindness and Early Childhood Development. New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1977.

ÑÑÑ. ÒBlindness and Early Development: Issues in Research Methodology.Ó The New Outlook (February 1976): 53Ð60.

Weale, R. A. Focus on Vision. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Weinberg, Nancy, and Rosina Santana. ÒComic Books: Champions of the Disabled Stereotype.Ó Rehabilitation Literature 39, nos. 11Ð12 (NovemberÐDecember 1978): 327Ð331.

Weiner, Florence. No Apologies. New York: St. MartinÕs Press, 1986.

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Western Blind Rehabilitation Center. WBRC Clinical Summary. Palo Alto, Calif.: WBRC, 1987.

ÑÑÑ. Western Blind Rehabilitation Center. Palo Alto, Calif.: WBRC, 1987.

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ÑÑÑ.Control of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia.

Geneva: WHO, 1982.

ÑÑÑ.Guidelines for Programmes for the Prevention of Blindness. Geneva: WHO, 1979.

ÑÑÑ.The Use of Residual Vision by Visually Disabled Persons. Copenhagen: WHO, 1981.

Woods, Virgil L. Update in Lupus Research. San Jose, Calif.: Bay Area Lupus Foundation, 1984.

Woodworth, Robert S., and Harold Schlosberg. Experimental Psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1958.

Worden, Helen W. ÒAging and Blindness.Ó The New Outlook (December 1976): 433Ð437.

Yanoff, Myron. ÒMagnetic Views of the Eye and Brain.Ó Sightsaving 53, no. 4 (1984Ð85): 16Ð17.

Yudkin, John. The Penguin Encyclopedia of Nutrition. New York: Viking Press, 1985.

Ziegler, Martha. ÒStrength in Numbers: The National Network of Parent Coalitions.Ó Exceptional Parent (June 1983): 57Ð58.

Zimmerman, Phillip. ÒHealthWatch: Nutritional Approaches to Degenerative Eye Diseases.Ó Townsend Letter for Doctors (February/March 1988): 2.

Zinn, Walter J., and Herbert Solomon. The Complete Guide to Eye Care, Eyeglasses, and Contact Lens. Hollywood, Fla.: Frederick Fell Publishers Inc., 1986.

Boldface page numbers indicate major treatment of a subject.

A

abacus 1 ABLEDATA 1 Abraham, David 116 accelerated speech 3

Access-Able Travel Source 1 accessibility 1–2

Access World 12 accommodation 2

Act to Promote the Education of the Blind 2

acyclovir 2, 52

ADA. See Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

adaptation, aging and 6 adaptive aids 2–5

aging and 7 Administration for Children,

Youth and Families 93 Administration on Developmen-

tal Disabilities 93 adrenergic agents 70

adventitiously blind, defined 29 advocacy 5

AFB. See American Foundation for the Blind (AFB)

AFDC. See Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)

Age-Related Maculopathy (ARM) 6Ð7, 19Ð20

central vision and 39 laser treatment 135 progression of 145Ð146

aging 5–7 AIDS 7

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) 7–8, 95, 97

air bags 8

Air Carrier Access Act 235 albinism 8, 46

alcohol amblyopia 8–9

Alice in Wonderland syndrome 153

Alliance for Eye and Vision Research 9, 159

Alva Access Group 9 amaurosis 9

amblyopia 8, 9–10, 46, 183, 218 anisometropia and 15 central vision and 39

American Academy of Ophthalmology 10–11, 86, 210

American Association of Instructors of the Blind (AAIB) 74

American Association of the

Deaf-Blind (AADB) 11 American Association of Workers

for the Blind (AAWB) 21 American Braille Press 129 American Cancer Society 35 American Council of Blind Lions

139

American Council of the Blind (ACB) 11–12

American Foundation for Overseas Blind 129

American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) 12, 175, 194

education and 74 employment and 78, 79

American National Standards

Institute (ANSI) 1Ð2, 13 American Printing House for the

Blind (APH) 2, 12–13, 225

Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) 13–14, 165, 235

American Thermoform Corporation (ATC) 13

ametropia 14 Amsler, Marc 14 Amsler grid 14, 146

Amtrak Improvement Act of 1973 193, 235

anesthetic drugs 69Ð70 aneurysm 14–15 angioid streaks 200 aniridia 15, 46 anisocoria 15 anisometropia 15

ANSI. See American National Standards Institute (ANSI) anterior chamber 15, 26, 85

antibiotics 16 antifungal drugs 69

anti-inflammatory drugs 69 antiprotozoal drugs 69 antiviral drops 87

antiviral drugs 2, 16, 51, 69 aphakia 16

appetite suppressants 16–17 aqueous fluid 15, 17, 54, 81,

85 ARA-A 17

Architectural and Transportation Barriers compliance Board 1 Architectural Barriers Act of 1968

17, 93, 165

arcus senilis 6, 17–18 argon laser 18, 135 Arianne Beheer B.V. 116

ARM. See Age-Related Maculopathy (ARM)

arterial occlusion 18–19, 200

arteriosclerosis 14, 19–20, 117 central vision and 39 stroke and 219

Artic Technologies 20 artificial tears 20, 70 artificial vision system 20–21 A-scan 21, 37, 241

Association for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired (AER)

21

Association for Education of the Visually Handicapped (AEVH) 21

Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 9

Association of Parents Having a Kid in Contacts (APHAKIC) 21

astigmatism 14, 21, 117 attitudes 21–23 auditory aids 3Ð4, 23–24

autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) 247

AZT 7

B

Barbier de la Serre, Charles 31 basal-cell carcinoma 238

BAVF. See Blinded American Veterans Foundation (BAVF)

Bell, Sir Charles 25 BellÕs palsy 20, 25

BEP. See Business Enterprise Program (BEP)

beta-blockers 103 bifocal contact lenses 48 bifocals 25–26

binocular indirect ophthalmoscope 172

binocular telescopes 147 biomicroscope 26, 88 bioptics 26, 147 Bledsoe, John 74 blepharitis 26–27, 89

Blinded American Veterans

Foundation (BAVF) 252

Blinded Veterans Association (BVA) 27, 251, 252

blindisms 27–28 blindness 28–30

Blind Rehabilitation Service 93 blind spot 30–31

bold-line paper 4

Borrelia burgdorferi 142 braille 12Ð13, 31, 256

ADA and 14 books 4 computers 45Ð46 paperless 179, 225

slate and stylus 213 telebraille 228

Braille, Louis 31–32, 73 Òbraille blindÓ 29

Braille Book Bank (BBB) 160

The Braille Forum 11 braille music 32 braille writer 4, 32–33 Brailon 13, 33, 230 Bridges, William 18 B-scan 33, 37, 241 Burleson, Janet 107

Business Enterprise Program (BEP) 33, 78

C

cancer 35–36

Candida albicans 57, 228 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 70

Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Acts 257

Carroll, Lewis 153

Carroll Center for the Blind

36–37

cataract 6, 7, 37–38, 46, 253 aniridia and 15

aphakia 16 blindness and 28 defined 261

diabetics experiencing 61 genetic 101

rhegmatogenous detachments and surgery 201

surgery 21, 221

cavernous hemangioma 239 CCTV. See closed-circuit television Center for Libraries and Educa-

tional Improvement 92 Center for the Partially Sighted

(CPS) 38–39

Center on Disabilities at California State University, Northridge (CSUN) 243Ð244

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 142, 249

central vision 39

cerebral palsy (CP) 39–41 chalazion 41, 89

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act 41, 165

Child-Care Food Program 163 Child Nutrition Act 41

Children of a Lesser God (film) 23 ChildrenÕs Rehabilitative Service

(CRS) 95 chlamydia 42

Chlamydia trachomatis 233, 250, 261

chorioretinitis 42, 200 choroid 42, 85 choroiditis 42–43, 232

ciliary body 15, 43, 54, 87 Civil Rights Commission Act 43 Civil Rights Commission Act

Amendments of 1978 165 Civil Rights of Institutionalized

Persons Act of 1980 165

Civil Service Reform Act 43 Clearinghouse on the Handi-

capped 92

Clinton, President Bill 121 closed-circuit television (CCTV)

3, 43–44, 140, 141 magnifiers 147

coloboma 44, 46

color blindness 44, 102, 206 color vision, aging and 6 Committee for Purchase from

People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled 45, 93

Commodity Distribution Program 163

Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) 115 Comprehensive Employment and

Training Act (CETA) 127 computers 45–46 congenital disorders 46–47 congenital herpes 112, 250

congenitally blind, defined 29 conjunctiva 6, 47, 207, 233, 262 conjunctivitis 47

contact lenses 47–49 APHAKIC 21

contrast 49 aging and 6

convergence 49 Copyright Act 49–50 cornea 15, 25, 26, 50, 205

corneal degeneration 50–51 corneal edema 51, 104 corneal transplant 51–52, 222 corneal ulcer 52–53

cortical blindness 29Ð30, 53 cortisone 53, 250

cortisporin ophthalmic antibiotic

53

Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) 53–54

count fingers 252 cover-uncover test 64 Cranmer abacus 1, 225 cryosurgery 54, 204

crystalline lens 54, 85, 205, 261 Curtis, John 74

cyclitis 54–55 cycloplegic drops 55

cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) 7

D

dacryocystitis 57, 90, 228 daily living skills 57, 196

Dancing Dots Braille Music Technology 32, 57–58

deaf-blind 58–59

Department of Education, U.S. 92

Department of Education Organization Act of 1979 59

Department of Health and Human Services 93

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), U.S. 251, 259

dermoid cyst 174

Descriptive Video Service (DVS) 192

Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act 165

development of blind children

59–61 diabetes 61–62

diabetic retinopathy 61, 62–63, 200

aging and 7 aneurysm 14

laser treatment 135 photocoagulation 182 proliferative retinopathy 187

diopter 63 diplopia 63–64

Disabilities Education Act 165 disability 64

defined 229

Disability Insurance Trust funds 215

Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund (DREDF) 64–65

divergence 65

Division of Blind and Visually Impaired 92

dog guide laws 65–66 dog guides 66, 84

training 176 dominant eye 66–67

double vision 220. See diplopia DownÕs syndrome 67

dreams 67–69 drugs 69–70

dry eye 70–71, 227Ð228 Dudley, H. W. 223 Duxbury Systems, Inc. 71

E

early intervention 73

Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program (EPSDT) 95

echolalia 60 echolocation 210 ectropion 73, 89 education 73–77

Education of All Handicapped Children Act 74

Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) 73, 74, 121

nondiscrimination 165

EHA. See Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA)

electronic magnifying systems 140, 147

electronic travel aids (ETA) 77, 176, 179

electroretinography (ERG) 77–78 employment 78–79 Employment Assistance Referral

Network (EARN) 80 employment disincentives 79–80 Enabling Technologies Company

80

endophthalmitis 80–81, 256 endothelial cell count 81 endothelium 81

Energy Conservation and Production Act of 1976 81

enophthalmos 81–82, 174 entropion 6, 82, 89 enucleation 82, 222 environmental aids 3 esophoria 82, 218 estropia 82

ETA. See electronic travel aids (ETA)

etiquette 82–83

Eustis, Dorothy (Harrison) 83–84 Everest Expedition 84, 259 excimer laser 133

exophoria 84, 218 exophthalmos 84, 174 exotropia 218 extracapsular surgery 221 exudative retinopathy 187 eye 85–86

eye bank 86

Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA) 86–87

eye drops 52, 87–88 eye examination 88 eyeglasses 88–89

eyelash dandruff. See blepharitis eyelids 89–90

F

Fair Housing Act 91

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

91–92

Fansanella-Servat 188

Federal Advisory Committee Act 92

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 92, 234Ð235

Federal Aviation Act of 1958 92, 235

Federal Employees Personal Assistance 92

federal resources 92–93 financial aid 93–96 floaters 256

Floyd Quails Memorial scholarships 11

fluorescein angiography 96, 146 fluorescein staining 96

Food Stamp Act of 1977 96–97 Foscarnet 7

Foundation Fighting Blindness

97

fovea 39, 85, 97 Franklin, Benjamin 26 Freedom Scientific Inc. 98

Free Matter for the Blind or Handicapped 148

freezing therapy 204 Fresnel prism 239

Friedlander, Julius R. 73, 176 FuchÕs endothelial dystrophy

50Ð51, 98

fully sighted, defined 229 functionally blind 29 fundus 98–99

G

galactosemia 101, 101 gamma rays 192

generic sympathomimetics 69 genetics 101–102

glaucoma 46, 102–104 aging and 7 angle-closure 103 aniridia and 15 anterior chamber 15 blindness and 28

diabetics experiencing 61 drugs 70

eye drops 87

laser trabeculoplasty 18 laser treatment 135 Ocusert 169 open-angle 102Ð103 peripheral vision 180 photocoagulation photophobia 182 surgery 222

synechiae and 222Ð223 treatment 230, 233

goggles 185Ð186 gonioscopy 103, 104 gonorrhea 104–105, 249 GOODFEEL software 57 grants 105

GraveÕs disease 105–106 Gridley, Samuel 180

Guide Dog Foundation for the Blind Inc. 106

Guide Dogs for the Blind, Inc.

106–107

Guide Horse Foundation 107, 108

guide horses 107–108

Guiding Eyes for the Blind (GEB)

107

H

Hadley, William A. 109

Hadley School for the Blind 109 Hall, Frank H. 74

handicap 109 defined 229

handicapped, defined 29 hand motion 252Ð253 haptic sense 109–110

Hauspie, Pol 138

Hauy, Valentin 73 headband telescopes 148 Head Start 93

health aids 3

Health Care Financing Administration 93

Helen Keller in Her Story (film) 129

Helen Keller International (HKI) 110, 254

Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-blind Youths and Adults (HKNC) 110–111

Helen Keller Seminar 12 hemangioma 174 hemianopsia 111

herpes keratitis 112, 250

herpes simplex 16, 52, 111–112, 250

drug treatment 2 eye drops 87

herpes zoster 112–113 Higher Education Act 113 Hilton/Perkins Program 181 HIV 7

home eye injuries 186 homeless assistance (HA) 8 Hoover, Richard E. 113–114,

175

hordeolum 89, 114 household aids 3

Housing Act of 1937 242–243 Housing Act of 1949 114 Housing Act of 1959 114–115 Housing and Community Devel-

opment Amendments of 1977 114, 115

Howe, Samuel Gridley 73, 74, 115, 116

Howe Press 115–116, 180 HumanWare, Inc. 116–117, 154 hyperopia 14, 117 hypertensive retinopathy 19,

117

hypertropia 117, 218 hyphema 117–118 hysterical blindness 30, 118

I

IBM 119

idoxuridine 52, 119–120 illumination 3, 120–121 impairment 121, 229 Independent Living Aids Inc.

121

independent-living center 121 Individuals with Disabilities

Education Act (IDEA) 73,

121–122 injuries 122–123

Institute for Blind Youth (Paris) 73, 74

International Braille and Technology Center 161Ð162

International Guiding Eyes Inc. (IGE) 123

intraocular lens (IOL) 37Ð38, 221

Intrastromal Corneal Ring (ICR) Segments 123

IOL surgery 123–124 iridectomy 124, 222, 233 iridocyclitis 124 iridodonesis 124

iris 26, 125 iritis 125, 224

Isopto Carpine 125 itinerant teacher 75Ð76,

125–126, 149 ivermectin 262

J

Javits-Wagner-OÕDay Act (JWOD) 127, 162, 211 jerking nystagmus 167

Job Accommodation Network (JAN) 127

Job Opportunities for the Blind (JOB) 161

Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) 127–128, 259

Jones, Melvin 138

Josephine L. Taylor Leadership Institute 12

juvenile retinoschisis 128

K

Keller, Arthur 129 Keller, Helen 12, 68, 110,

129–130, 221 LSTA and 138

Kelman, Charles 181 Kennedy, President John F. 96 keratitis 16, 51, 52, 130, 223,

249

keratoconus 50Ð51 keratometry 21, 37, 130–131 keratonocus 130 keratoplasty 51, 222 keratotomy 131

kinesthesis 210 Kirschstein, Ruth L. 161 Koch-Weeks bacillus 233

Kurzweil Educational Systems Group 131

Kurzweil Reading Machine 3Ð4, 24, 131, 193, 223, 256

L

label markers 4 large print 133, 141 laser cane 133

laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 133–134

lasers (Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation) 104, 134–136, 192

laser trabeculoplasty 18 lazy eye. See amblyopia

legally blind 29, 93, 95Ð96, 137, 253

rehabilitation services 196 Legal Services Corporation 137 lens 15, 26

leprosy 137–138 Lernout, Jo 138 Lernout & Hauspie 138

Library of Congress 93, 138, 162Ð163

Library Service and Technology Act (LSTA) 138

Lighthouse for the Blind 79 Lighthouse International 5

Lions Club International

138–139

Local Education Agency (LEA) 75

long canes 139

Louis 13

Lower Income Housing Assistance program 242

Low Income Energy Assistance Act 139

low vision 139–140 evaluation 197

low-vision aids 140–141 low-vision clinics 141 LS&S Group Inc. 141–142 lupus 142, 173

Lupus Foundation of America 142

lutein 142

Lyme disease 142–143

M

MacDonald, Anne T. 194 macula 63, 97, 145, 202, 245 Macular Degeneration Founda-

tion 145

macular disease 39, 101,

145–146

macular dystrophies 46 macular edema 146, 202

Macy, Anne (Sullivan). See Sullivan, Anne Mansfield

Macy, John 129, 221 magnification aids 3 magnifiers 140, 146–148 mailing privileges 148 Mainman, Theodore 135 mainstreaming 75, 148–149 malignant melanoma 35, 149,

238

MarfanÕs syndrome 150, 220 Maryland School for the Blind

74

Mass Transportation Technology Research and Demonstration Program 234

Maternal and Child Health Block Grant Program 215

Maternal and Child Health Services Program 150–151

mathematics, calculation 1 Maxi Aids Inc. 151

M.C. Migel Memorial Library and Information Center 12

Medicaid 94Ð95, 215 Medicaid legislation 151–152

medical expenses, deduction 95 Medicare 94, 95, 137

Medicare legislation 152 metastatic tumors 36, 238 migraine 152–154, 208 Migraine Awareness Group: A

National Understanding for Migraineurs (M.A.G.N.U.M.) 154

miotics 69

The Miracle Worker (film) 129 mountain climbing 84, 259 Mowat Sensor 154

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 154–155, 173

Museum of Ophthalmology 11 myasthenia gravis 67, 155–156 myopia 14, 84, 117, 156 myths 156–157

N

National Alliance for Eye and Vision Research (NAEVR) 159

National Association for Parents of the Visually Impaired (NAPVI) 159

National Association for Visually Handicapped (NAVH) 159–160

National Braille Association (NBA) 160

National Cemetery System 251 National Center for the Blind 161 National Conference of Commis-

sioners on Uniform State Laws 241

National Council on the Handicapped 92

National Eye Institute (NEI) 142, 159, 161

National Federation of the Blind (NFB) 5, 84, 161–162, 259

National Industries for the Blind (NIB) 79, 162, 211

National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research 1, 92

National Institutes of Health/ National Eye Institute 93

National Keratoconus Foundation (NKFC) 162

National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 162–163, 194

National Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1974 234, 244

National Multiple Sclerosis Society 154

National Organization of Parents of Blind Children 5

National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) 195

National School Lunch Act of 1946 41, 163

National Society for the Prevention of Blindness 62, 74

National Voter Registration Act of 1993 165

ND-YAG laser 136

NEI. See National Eye Institute (NEI)

New England Asylum for the Blind 73, 116, 180

New York Institute for the Blind 73

NFB. See National Federation of the Blind (NFB)

NIB. See National Industries for the Blind (NIB)

night blindness 164

Night Vision Aid (NVA) 203, 239 NoIR Medical Technologies 164 no light perception (NLP) 28 nondiscrimination laws 164–166 nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

250

nonoptical aids 3, 166

nonverbal communication

166–167

Nutrition Education and Training Program 41

nystagmus 8, 46, 155, 167, 220

O

object of regard 169 Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) 185 ocular albinism 8

Ocusert 169

Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP) 169–170

Office of Federal Contract Compliance 93

Office of Human Development Services 93

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) 59, 92

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Acts 97, 139, 234, 244

Onchocerca volvulus 262 onchocerciasis 170, 262 opacification 6, 170 ophthalmia neonatorum 46,

170–171

ophthalmic technician 171 ophthalmologist 3, 171 ophthalmoscope 88, 171–172 Optacon 5, 172, 193, 225, 229,

256

optic atrophy 172, 173 optic disc 30, 86, 172 optician 172

optic nerve 30, 39, 85, 172–173, 207

optic neuropathy 173 optometrist 173

orbit 173–174 orbital cellulitis 174

orientation aids 4, 174 orientation and mobility

174–176 orthokeratology 176 orthoptist 176

Overbrook School for the Blind 73, 176–177

P

panophthalmitis 81, 179, 256 paperless braille 179, 225 papilledema 172, 179

partial seeing 29

Center for the Partially Sighted (CPS) 38Ð39

defined 229 pathsounder 179–180 pendular nystagmus 167

Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind 73

perimetry 103

peripheral vision 30, 180, 253 Perkins, Thomas Handasyd 180 Perkins School for the Blind 73,

74, 115, 180–181, 221 sheltered workshops 211

Permanent Blind War Relief Fund 129

Personal Companion 234 phacoemulsification 181, 221 phoroptor 181 photocoagulation 181–182 photodynamic therapy 135 photophobia 182 photorefractive keratectomy

(PRK) 136, 182–183 phototherapeutic keratectomy

(PTK) 136

Plaquinil 142

plasma urealyticum 250 pleoptics 183

pneumatic retinopexy 183 Polaron 179

posterior chamber 85, 180,

183–184

posterior uveitis 247 potential acuity meter (PAM)

184

Pratt-Smoot Act of 1931 162 presbyopia 6, 184

PresidentÕs Committee on Mental Retardation 93

PresidentÕs Council on Employment of People with Disabilities 93, 169Ð170

Prevent Blindness America 37,

184–185

prevention of blindness 185–186 prisms 186, 239

progressive addition lenses 186 proliferative retinopathy 187 prosthesis 187–188

Protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals Act of 1986 165

pseudotumor 174 ptosis 6, 46, 89, 188 pupil 54, 183, 188–189

R

radial keratotomy (RK) 191, 222 radiation burns 191–192

radio information services 192 Rail Passenger Service Act 193,

235

Rain Man (film) 23

raised-line drawing kit 4, 193, 225

Randolph-Sheppard Act of 1938 33, 78, 92, 193

reading machines 193 Recording for the Blind and

Dyslexic (RFB&D) 193–194 red krypton laser 18 reduced rates 194

reflection 3 refraction 194–195

refractive error 14, 195 refractive keratology 195 REHABDATA 195 rehabilitation 195–197

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 5, 17, 93, 113, 197–198

nondiscrimination 165 rehabilitation center 198 rehabilitation engineering center

198–199

Rehabilitation Services Administration 92Ð93, 193

residential schools 199 resource room 199

retina 14, 18, 19, 199–201 A-scan 21, 37

B-scan 33, 37 chorioretinitis 42, 200 cryosurgery 54, 204 diabetic retinopathy. See dia-

betic retinopathy retinal degeneration 200

retinal detachment 6, 180, 183,

201–202

retinal dystrophy 200 retinal edema 202 retinitis 200

retinitis pigmentosa (RP) 46, 77Ð78, 101, 173, 200, 202–203, 244Ð245

night blindness and 164 peripheral vision 180

retinoblastoma 35Ð36, 46Ð47,

203–204, 238

retinopathy 200. See also diabetic retinopathy

retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) 200, 204, 205

retinoscope 204–205 retrobulbar neuritis 205 retrolental fibroplasia 204, 205

rhabdomyosarcoma 36, 174, 239 rhegmatogenous detachments

201

rods and cones 30, 42, 85, 145, 199, 205–206, 245

color blindness 44 vitamins and 253Ð254

rose bengal 70 rubella 58, 74, 206 Runyan, Marla 206

Russ, John Dennison 73

Russell Pathsounder 179

S

Samuel P. Hayes Library 181 Saper, Joel R. 154 sarcoidosis 207

SchirmerÕs test 71, 207

SchlemmÕs canal 17, 183 School Breakfast Program 41 School Milk Program 41 sclera 207, 233

scleral buckling 207–208, 212 scleritis 207, 208

scotoma 9, 208 screening 208 script-writing guide 4 Seeing Eye, Inc. 208–209

Selective Placement Program

209

self-contained classroom 209 self-protection 175

senses 209–210 sensory aids 210 Sensory Quill 256 sensory training 175

shaken baby syndrome 210–211 sheltered workshops 211 sickle-cell disease 102, 211–212,

255

sickle cell retinopathy 200 Sieving, Paul A. 161 sight-guided technique 212 signature guide 213

slate and stylus 213, 225 Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research

Institute 213–214 Smith-Kettlewell Institute of

Visual Sciences 198Ð199 Snellen chart 184, 214, 252 snow blindness 30, 192, 214 Social Security Act 94, 215 Social Security Administration

93, 94, 214Ð215

Social Security Benefits 214–215 Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program 79Ð80

Social Services Block Grant

215–216 software 45Ð46 Sonicguide 216 sonography 31

SorsbyÕs fundus dystrophy (SFD)

216

speech compressors 3

sports and recreation 216–217

sports-related injuries 186 squamous-cell carcinoma 36,

238Ð239

Staphylococcus auerus 57, 228 StargardtÕs disease 206, 217–218 State Vocational Rehabilitation

Agency 78 stereotypes 22Ð23 steroids 52Ð53, 218

The Story of My Life (Keller) 129, 221

strabismus 47, 64, 67, 84,

218–219 streptococcus 57 stroke 14, 67, 219–220

TIAs 18Ð19, 219 Stromectol 170

sty 89

subluxation of the lens 220–221 Sullivan, Anne Mansfield 12,

129, 221

Summer Food Service Program 163

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) 94, 96

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 234, 244

surgical procedures 221–222 sympathetic ophthalmia 222 synechiae 222–223 synthetic speech 3, 223 syphilis 223–224, 249Ð250

T

tactile aids 225 tactile maps 225–226

talking aids. See auditory aids talking books 3

tape recorders 3 tarsorrhaphy 222, 226 tax benefits 79, 226 Taylor slate 226–227

teacher-consultant 149, 227 tear system 227–228 telebraille 228

Telephone Pioneers of America

228

telescopes 147Ð148 Telesensory Systems, Inc. (TSI)

172, 228–229 templates 4 terminology 229–230 thermoform 4, 230

Thomson, Polly 129, 221 TIAs. See transient ischemic

attacks (TIAs)

Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 80, 94

Timolol 230

Title XX 215

tobacco amblyopia 39, 230 tomography 230–231 tonography 231 tonometer 88, 103, 231 tools and instruments 4 toric contact lenses 49

total light transmission (TLT) rate 164

toxic amblyopia 173, 231

Toxocara canis 231 toxocariasis 80, 231–232

Toxoplasma gondii 232 toxoplasmosis 80, 232 toys and games 232–233

trabeculectomy 103Ð104, 222,

233

trachoma 16, 20, 90, 221, 233, 261

blindness and 28 Transceptor Technologies Inc.

234

transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) 18Ð19, 219

transportation laws 234–235 transpupillary thermotherapy

(TTT) 235 trauma 235–237 travel aids 4 TravelVision 237 trephine 237

Treponema pallidum 223, 249 trichiasis 90, 237 trifluridine 52, 237

trifocal lenses 238

Truman, President Harry 169 tumors 201, 238–239

tunnel vision 239 typewriters 5

tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism 8

U

ulcer. See corneal ulcer ultrasonography 241 ultraviolet waves 192 Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

(UAGA) 241–242

United Cerebral Palsy Association 40

United States Association for Blind Athletes (USABA) 242

universities 243–244

Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 234, 244

Urban Mass Transportation Demonstration Grants Program 234

Urban Mass Transportation Technical Studies Program 234

UsherÕs syndrome 58, 101,

244–246

uvea 85, 222, 246 uveal tract 42 uveitis 43, 246–247

V

Valley Forge General Hospital 175

vasculitis 142

venereal disease 249–251 venous occlusion 251

veterans 27, 251–252 Veterans Administration 93

Veterans Benefits Administration 251

Veterans Health Services and Research Administration 252

visual acuity 6, 252–253 visual field 253

visual impairment 253 visually defective 29 visually disabled, defined 29

visually impaired, defined 29 visually limited, defined 229 visual prosthesis. See artificial

vision system Visudyne 146

vitamins 253–255, 262, 265 vitrectomy 63, 187, 255 vitreous 6, 201, 255–256 vocational aids 256 Vocational Education Act 257 vocationally blind 29 vocational rehabilitation 197,

257–258

Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 197

Von RecklinghausenÕs disease 174

W

Wagner-OÕDay Act of 1938 45, 127, 162

sheltered workshops 211 Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933 259 Washington Ear 192 Wasserman test 224, 249Ð250 watches, clocks, and timers 4

Weihenmayer, Eric 84, 259 Western Blind Rehabilitation Center (WBRC) 259–260

wet eye 222, 260

Wide Angle Mobility Light 246 Workforce Investment Act of

1998 259

work opportunity tax credit (WOTC) 79, 260–261

work-related injuries 185Ð186 world blindness 261–262 World Blind Sailing Champi-

onship 262–263

World Health Organization (WHO) 261, 263

The World I Live In (Keller) 68 World Wide Web Consortium 2 writing and communication aids

4

X

xanthelasma 265 X-Chrom lens 49 xerophthalmia 164, 254,

261Ð262, 265 X rays 192

Y

YAG laser 136, 267

Z

Zelaya, Kathy 237 zinc 254