Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment_Sardegna, Shelly, Shelly, Steidl_2002
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
BLINDNESS AND VISION IMPAIRMENT
Second Edition
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
BLINDNESS AND VISION IMPAIRMENT
Second Edition
Jill Sardegna; Susan Shelly;
Allan Richard Rutzen, M.D.;
Scott M. Steidl, M.D., D.M.A.
The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment, Second Edition
Copyright © 2002 by Jill Sardegna
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The encyclopedia of blindness and vision impairment / Jill Sardegna . . . [et al.].Ñ2nd ed. p. cm. Ñ (The Facts on File library of health and living)
First ed. cataloged under the m.e.: Sardegna, Jill according to AACR2. Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-4280-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1.BlindnessÑDictionaries. 2. Blind, Apparatus for theÑDictionaries.
3.Vision disordersÑDictionaries. 4. Visually handicappedÑDictionaries. I. Sardegna, Jill. II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Vision DisordersÑencyclopedias.]
RE91 .S27 2002
362.4Õ1Õ03Ñdc21 |
2001055653 |
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.
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Text and cover design by Cathy Rincon
Printed in the United States of America
VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
For
Emily and Jack
and
Mary and Julius
h
To Ann,
For the ßowers in my life
CONTENTS
Preface to the First Edition |
ix |
Preface to the Second Edition |
xi |
Acknowledgments |
xiii |
Entries AÐZ |
1 |
Appendixes |
271 |
Bibliography |
311 |
Index |
325 |
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment is the Þrst A-to-Z compendium on the subject of blindness and its inherent issues and topics. In more than 500 entries, the volume encompasses all aspects of blindness, including health issues, surgery and medications, social issues, myths and misconceptions, economic issues, education, adaptive aids, and organi-
zations.
The encyclopedia can be of use to both the professional and lay person. For the lay person, we have tried to cover the issue with a minimum of technical jargon while accurately presenting the facts. Though not intended as a diagnostic tool, the text provides basic information to enable the user to make informed decisions with the help of his physician.
For the professional we have been thorough and avoided the simplistic, providing a handy guide covering aspects of vision impairment that may fall outside the particular individualÕs expertise.
We understand that a volume of this limited size may not meet every need of all who use it. Because of the concise format, we may have failed to include entries needed by some individuals or given other entries limited treatment. The book,
however, will prove useful as a basic guide and can serve as a reference to other sources of information. This volume includes a brief list of references at the end of each main article and a substantial bibliography.
In an effort to maximize limited space, we have occasionally attempted to save words by using the phrase Òthe blindÓ rather than more ideal alternatives such as Òblind individualsÓ or Òpeople who are blind.Ó In a similar manner, the pronoun ÒheÓ appears in place of Òhe or she.Ó
We have taken care to avoid signiÞcant errors of fact or interpretation. We accept, however, that in a volume of this scope and length, minor errors may have inadvertently been included. Changing statistics and daily medical breakthroughs may render the described current treatments and techniques outdated. We intend to remain current in the Þeld and update the information in future editions.
ÑJill Sardegna
San Jose, California
ÑT. Otis Paul, M.D.
San Francisco, California
ix