Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Teleophthalmology_Yogesan, Kumar, Goldschmidt_2008
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SFUJOBM JNBHFT JT BOPUIFS QSPNJTJOH SFTFBSDI BD |
JU UISPVHI JOGPSNBUJPO BOE FEVDBUJPO PO IFBMUI |
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UJWJUZ GPS TUVEZJOH BOE EFUFDUJOH HMBVDPNB XJUI |
DBSF *OUFSBDUJPO XJUI UIF TFSWFS JT CJ EJSFDUJPOBM |
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MJOF TZTUFN IBT MFE UP UIF 8FC CBTFE GVOEVT JN |
UPUIFTFSWFS 5XPHSPVQTPGJOUFSBDUJPOTCFUXFFO |
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BHF EBUBCBTF TZTUFN 8'*%4 XIJDI IBT NBOZ |
VTFST NBZ CF IBOEMFE "ENJOJTUSBUPSm%PDUPSm |
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GFBUVSFT TVJUBCMF GPS TNBMM DMJOJDT ѮJT TZTUFN |
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XIFO GVMMZ JOUFHSBUFE XJUI PUIFS EJBHOPTUJD TPѫ |
3FTFBSDIFS JOUFSBDUJPOT |
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MZ JOWPMWF JOUFSBDUJWF DPNNVOJDBUJPO UIF TQFFE |
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PG NFEJDBM EBUB USBOTNJTTJPO NVTU CF SFBM UJNF |
JOGPSNBUJPO 8'*%4 TJNVMBUFT UIF QSPDFTT ëPX |
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XIJMF NBJOUBJOJOH B IJHI RVBMJUZ PG EBUB BU UIF |
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WJTJUJOH BO FZF DMJOJD " QBUJFOU JOJUJBMMZ êMMT JO B |
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NJOJTUSBUPS UIFO SFHJTUFST UIF QBUJFOU UP 8'*%4 |
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WPMWFE #PUIBQQMJDBUJPOTVOBWPJEBCMZNVTUIBWF |
BOE DSFBUFT B VTFSOBNF GPS UIF QBUJFOU GPS MPHJO |
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BOE JNQMFNFOU B ëFYJCMF EBUB GPSNBU UP BDDPN |
TFBSDIFS QIPUPHSBQIFS PS BOPUIFS BENJOJTUSB |
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NPEBUF B XJEF SBOHF PG BQQMJDBUJPOT "NPOH UIF |
UPS ѮF QBUJFOU JT UIFO BTTJHOFE UP B EPDUPS UP |
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NBOZ JNBHF GPSNBUT BWBJMBCMF +1&( XBT |
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BCMF GFBUVSFT UIBU BSF VTFGVM GPS NFEJDBM BQQMJDB |
UBLFO EVF UP FZF EJTFBTFT PS PUIFS EJTFBTFT SF |
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MBUFE UP SFUJOBM BQQFBSBODF ѮF QBUJFOU QSPDFFET |
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UIF VQMPBE QBHF FOUFST UIF QBUJFOUT SFHJTUSBUJPO |
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JNBHF JT SFBEJMZ BWBJMBCMF UP FWFSZPOF XJUI WJFX |
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PWFSWJFX PG UIF PQFSBUJPO BOE EBUBCBTF TZTUFN |
JOH QSJWJMFHFT SFHBSEMFTT PG MPDBUJPO |
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PG UIF 8FC CBTFE GVOEVT JNBHF |
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