Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Teleophthalmology_Yogesan, Kumar, Goldschmidt_2008
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DVMBS KVODUJPOT " 3FHJPO 0G *OUFSFTU 30* DBO |
EJBHOPTJT PS HSBEJOH CBTFE PO UIF DBQUVSFE |
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CF TFMFDUFE UP IJHIMJHIU BOE NBHOJGZ UIF WBT |
GVOEBM JNBHFT |
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DVMBS KVODUJPO 1MPUUJOH B MJOF DPOUJOVPVT XJUI |
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UIF USVOL WFTTFM NBQQJOH UIF MJOF PG POF PG UIF |
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'SBDUBM (FPNFUSJDBM "OBMZTJT |
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CSBODI WFTTFMT TP UIBU JU JOUFSTFDUT UIF USVOL WFT |
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TFM BU UIF KVODUJPO BOE NBSLJOH POF PUIFS QPJOU |
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PG 3FUJOBM7BTDVMBS5SFF |
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PO UIF PUIFS CSBODI WFTTFM XJMM FOBCMF DBMDVMB |
ѮF JEFB PG VTJOH GSBDUBM HFPNFUSZ UP EFTDSJCF |
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UJPO PG UIF UPUBM CJGVSDBUJPO BOHMF CFUXFFO UIF |
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UXP CSBODI WFTTFMT VTJOH UIF DPTJOF SVMF 3FUJOBM |
CSBODIJOH QBUUFSOT XBT êSTU QSPQPTFE CZ .BO |
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BSUFSJPMBS CJGVSDBUJPO BOHMFT BSF LOPXO UP CF |
EFMCSPU < > 'SBDUBM QBUUFSOT FYJTU XIFO UIFZ |
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SFEVDFE XJUI IZQFSUFOTJPO < > JODSFBTJOH BHF |
FYIJCJU TFMG TJNJMBSJUZ PWFS B SBOHF PG TDBMF PS |
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< > BOE MPX CJSUI XFJHIU NBMFT < > 3FEVDFE |
NBHOJêDBUJPO ѮVT B NBHOJêFE WJFX PG B UIJSE |
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BOHMFT BU WBTDVMBS KVODUJPOT BSF BTTPDJBUFE XJUI |
PG GPVSUI PSEFS EJWJTJPO PG BO BSUFSJPMF XPVME |
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MFTT EFOTF WBTDVMBS OFUXPSLT < > *O BEEJUJPO |
IBWF B TJNJMBS CSBODIJOH QBUUFSO UP B êSTU PSEFS |
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WBTDVMBS SFTQPOTJWFOFTT UP IJHI PYZHFO TBUVSB |
BSUFSJPMBS KVODUJPO 'SBDUBM QBUUFSOT DBO BMTP CF |
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UJPO MFBET UP B SFEVDFE BOHMF BU SFUJOBM WBTDVMBS |
DPOTJEFSFE BT B NFBTVSF PG IPX XFMM CSBODIJOH |
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KVODUJPOT CVUUIJTSFTQPOTJWFOFTTJTLOPXOUPCF |
QBUUFSOT êMM UIF BWBJMBCMF UXP EJNFOTJPOBM TQBDF |
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SFEVDFE JO IZQFSUFOTJWFT < > /P SFMBUJPOTIJQ |
ѮVT GSBDUBMT BSF EFTDSJCFE JO UFSNT PG B GSBDUBM |
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XBT SFQPSUFE CFUXFFO WBTDVMBS CJGVSDBUJPO BO |
EJNFOTJPO XIJDI JT B OPO JOUFHFS WBMVF CFUXFFO |
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HMFT BOE QFSJQIFSBM WBTDVMBS EJTFBTF DPNQBSFE |
POF BOE UXP " WBMVF PG UXP JOEJDBUFT UIBU UIF |
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XJUI OPSNBM IFBMUIZ DPOUSPMT < > |
GSBDUBM BMNPTU DPNQMFUFMZ DPWFST UIF BWBJMBCMF |
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TQBDF |
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7BTDVMBS5PSUVPTJUZ |
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%JõVTJPO -JNJUFE |
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ѮF EFHSFF PG UPSUVPTJUZ PG B WFTTFM DBO CF TVN |
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"HHSFHBUJPO .PEFM |
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NBSJ[FE BT UIF SBUJP CFUXFFO UIF EJTUBODF B WFT |
%JĒFSFOU NPEFMT GPS UIF GPSNBUJPO PG GSBDUBMT |
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TFM USBWFMT GSPN " UP # BOE UIF TIPSUFTU EJTUBODF |
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CFUXFFO QPJOUT " BOE # ESBXO CZ B TUSBJHIU MJOF |
IBWF CFFO EFWFMPQFE CVU UIF POF NPTU DPN |
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*OEJDFT PG WBTDVMBS UPSUVPTJUZ IBWF CFFO VTFE BT |
NPOMZ VTFE UP EFTDSJCF WBTDVMBS CSBODIJOH QBU |
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B NFBTVSF PG SFUJOPQBUIZ PG QSFNBUVSJUZ 301 |
UFSOT JT UIF EJĒVTJPO MJNJUFE BHHSFHBUJPO NPEFM |
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< m > 'SFFENBO FU BM < > VTFE DPNQVUFS |
EFWFMPQFE CZ 8JUUFO BOE 4BOEFS < > ѮF CBTJD |
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BJEFE BOBMZTJT PG GVOEVT QIPUPHSBQIT GSPN FZFT |
QSJODJQBM JOWPMWFT B QBSUJDMF UIBU NPWFT JO B SBO |
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XJUIBXJEFSBOHFPG301TFWFSJUZ BOEUSBDFEUIF |
EPN GBTIJPO VOUJM JU HFUT DMPTF UP QBSU PG UIF FY |
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QPTUFSJPS QPMF CMPPE WFTTFMT EJBNFUFS BOE UPS |
JTUJOHTUSVDUVSF BUXIJDIQPJOUJUCFDPNFTBOBE |
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UVPTJUZ 4XBOTPO FU BM < > EFTDSJCF B TFNJ BV |
IFSFOUDPNQPOFOUPGUIFTUSVDUVSF 4VDIBNPEFM |
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UPNBUFE SFUJOBM WBTDVMBS JNBHF BOBMZTJT TZTUFN |
QSFEJDUTBGSBDUBMEJNFOTJPO % PGBQQSPYJNBUF |
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SFUJOBM JNBHF TDBMF TQBDF BOBMZTJT UP NFBTVSF |
MZ BOE TUVEJFT PG UIF SFUJOBM WBTDVMBUVSF IBWF |
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SFUJOBM EJBNFUFST BOE UPSUVPTJUZ JO QSFUFSN JO |
GPVOE WBMVFT GPS UIF GSBDUBM EJNFOTJPO SFNBSL |
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GBOUT ѮF BVUIPST QPJOU PVU TPNF QPUFOUJBM BE |
BCMZ DMPTF UP UIJT QSFEJDUFE WBMVF < m > |
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WBOUBHFTPGVTJOHTVDIBTZTUFNSBUIFSUIBOSFHV |
1FSGPSNJOH GSBDUBM BOBMZTJT PG SFUJOBM WBTDV |
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MBS DMJOJDBM FYBNJOBUJPO JO UIF TDSFFOJOH PG 301 |
MBUVSF JT OPX QPTTJCMF VTJOH DPNNFSDJBMMZ BWBJM |
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7JTVBMJ[JOHUIFQPTUFSJPSQPMFBMPOFXJUIUIFBJN |
BCMF TPѫXBSF *OJUJBM TUVEJFT VUJMJ[FE ëVPSFTDFJO |
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PG EJBHOPTJOH QMVT EJTFBTF XPVME DPOTJEFSBCMZ |
JNBHFT XIJDI DMFBSMZ EFMJOFBUF UIF WBTDVMBUVSF |
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SFEVDF UIF EVSBUJPO BOE USBVNB PG FYBNJOBUJPO |
)PXFWFS NPEFSO JNBHJOH BOBMZTJT VTJOH WBT |
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