Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Teleophthalmology_Yogesan, Kumar, Goldschmidt_2008
.pdf
|
&DPOPNJD &WBMVBUJPOT JO 5FMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ |
|
$IBQUFS |
|
|
'JOBODF |
*OUFSOBM #VTJOFTT 1SPDFTTFT |
'JOBODJBM QFSTQFDUJWF MJOLT UIF TUSBUFHZ XJUI UIF |
1SPDFTTFT JO IFBMUI DBSF BSF OPU BT FBTZ UP TUBO |
|
MPOH UFSN êOBODJBM PCKFDUJWFT 8IFO JOWFTUJOH |
EBSEJ[F BT BSF UZQJDBMMZ DPSQPSBUF JOUFSOBM CVTJ |
|
JO UFMFNFEJDJOF UIFSF TIPVME BMXBZT CF B MPOH |
OFTTQSPDFTTFT ѮFRVFTUJPOUPDPOTJEFSJT XIJDI |
|
UFSN WJTJPO PG XIBU UIF PSHBOJ[BUJPO TIPVME |
QSPDFTTFTBSFUIFNPTUJNQPSUBOUDPSFQSPDFTTFT |
|
BDIJFWFXJUIUIFJOWFTUNFOU *OWFTUNFOUTJOUFMF |
0VS TUVEJFT IBWF JOEJDBUFE UIBU UFMFNFEJDJOF IBT |
|
NFEJDJOF BSF PѫFO SBUJPOBMJ[FE CZ QPUFOUJBM DPTU |
JNQSPWFE UIFTF QSPDFTTFT < > ѮF RVBMJUZ PG PQ |
|
TBWJOHT XJUIPVU CBDLJOH VQUIJT DMBJNXJUITPMJE |
FSBUJPOT DBO BMTP CF NFBTVSFE JO UIJT DBUFHPSZ |
|
EBUB 5P NBLF CFUUFS JOGPSNFE EFDJTJPOT UFMF |
BOEXIFOFWBMVBUJOHQSPDFTTFT UIFRVBMJUZGBDUPS |
|
NFEJDJOF DPTU BOBMZTFT TIPVME CF QSFTFOUFE JO B |
NVTU OPU CF PNJUUFE |
|
NBOOFSUIBUFOBCMFTFBTZUBJMPSJOHPGUIFNFUIPE |
ѮFSF BSF NBOZ EJĒFSFOU NBOBHFNFOU TUSBUF |
|
UP TVJU PUIFS PQFSBUJOH FOWJSPONFOUT BOE QBU |
HJFT UIBU IBWF CFFO BQQMJFE UP QSPDFTT NBOBHF |
|
UFSOT PG DBSF < > |
NFOU 4JY NBOBHFNFOU QSPHSBNT DBO CF JEFO |
|
8IFO BOBMZ[JOH UIF êOBODJBM CFOFêUT GVUVSF |
UJêFE UPUBM RVBMJUZ NBOBHFNFOU UJNF CBTFE |
|
PQFSBUJOHFYQFOTFTOFFEUPCFUBLFOJOUPBDDPVOU |
NBOBHFNFOU TVQQMZ DIBJO NBOBHFNFOU BDUJW |
|
BT XFMM 8IFO DPNQBSJOH UFMFNFEJDJOF XJUI USB |
JUZ CBTFE NBOBHFNFOU MFBO NBOBHFNFOU BOE |
|
EJUJPOBM NFUIPET JU JT WFSZ JNQPSUBOU UP JEFOUJGZ |
CVTJOFTT QSPDFTT SFEFTJHO |
|
UIF SFBM FYQFOTFT PG UIF FYJTUJOH TZTUFNT ѮJT JT |
$PTUPGRVBMJUZJTPOFPGUIFLFZNFBTVSFNFOUT |
|
CFDBVTF B TFSWJDF NBZ CF DMJOJDBMMZ DPNQFUFOU |
JOUPUBMRVBMJUZNBOBHFNFOUBOEJOMFBONBOBHF |
|
BOEDPTU FĒFDUJWFJOPOFDPOUFYU CVUIJHIMZJOFG |
NFOU *O UJNF CBTFE NBOBHFNFOU UIF LFZ NFB |
|
GFDUJWF XIFO WJFXFE JO BOPUIFS DPOUFYU XIFSF |
TVSFNFOU JT QSPEVDUJPO UJNF XIJDI JT BMTP BO |
|
JO BDDFTTJCJMJUZ BOE RVBMJUZ PG MPDBM TFSWJDFT BSF |
JNQPSUBOU LFZ NFBTVSF JO CVTJOFTT SFEFTJHO *O |
|
IJHIFS |
|
TVQQMZ DIBJO NBOBHFNFOU BOE JO BDUJWJUZ CBTFE |
|
|
NBOBHFNFOU NJOJNJ[JOH DPTU BOE NBYJNJ[JOH |
|
$VTUPNFS |
QSPêU JT UIF NBJO BJN JO UIJT NPEFM RVBMJUZ IBT |
POMZ B UPPM WBMVF BOE JT OPU BT JNQPSUBOU |
||
*O IFBMUI DBSF OFFET PG NFEJDBM DPOTVNFST OFFE |
8IJDIPGUIFTFNBOBHFNFOUQSPHSBNTDBOCF |
|
DIPTFO JO UIF DPOUFYU PG IFBMUI DBSF 5JNF WBS |
||
UP CF WJFXFE EJĒFSFOUMZ GSPN DVTUPNFST PG B |
JFT XJUI FBDI QBUJFOU BOE QBUJFOUT OFFE UP CF JO |
|
UZQJDBM DPSQPSBUF CVTJOFTT *O NFEJDJOF BMPOH |
WFTUJHBUFE BOE IFMQFE OP NBUUFS IPX NVDI UJNF |
|
XJUI UIF TFSWJDF JU JT JNQPSUBOU BMTP UP DPOTJEFS |
FBDIUBLFT $PTUPGRVBMJUZBOEDVTUPNFSTBUJTGBD |
|
QBUJFOUT FYQFSJFODF PG UIF IFBMUI TFSWJDF 'PS FY |
UJPO BSF OBUVSBMMZ UIF LFZ NFBTVSFNFOUT 2VBM |
|
BNQMF QBUJFOUTVTVBMMZêOEUIFUSFBUNFOUPQUJPOT |
JUZ JT UIF LFZ JTTVF JO TFSWJDFT BOE XJUI UIF IFMQ |
|
QSPWJEFE WJB UFMFNFEJDJOF WFSZ DPOWFOJFOU < > |
PG UFMFNFEJDJOF RVBMJUZ DBO CF JNQSPWFE ѮJT |
|
*ONPTUDBTFTJUJTRVJUFOBUVSBMUIBUUFMFNFEJDJOF |
NBLFT UPUBM RVBMJUZ NBOBHFNFOU B WFSZ VTFGVM |
|
XJMM CSJOH BEEFE WBMVF UP UIF QBUJFOU TJODF UIF |
UPPM JO IFBMUI DBSF NBOBHFNFOU ѮF LFZ UIFNF |
|
QBUJFOU EPFT OPU OFFE UP USBWFM MPOH EJTUBODFT |
JO UPUBM RVBMJUZ NBOBHFNFOU JT OPU UIF DPTU PG |
|
*U NBZ CF DIBMMFOHJOH UP EJTDVTT NFEJDBM DPO |
FBDI QIBTF PG UIF QSPDFTT CVU NBLJOH UIJOHT |
|
TVNFST PG IFBMUI TFSWJDFT CFDBVTF UIFTF JOEJWJE |
SJHIU BDSPTT UIF XIPMF QSPDFTT |
|
VBMT PѫFO SFDFJWF IFBMUI DBSF TFSWJDFT GPS XIJDI |
*O PQIUIBMNPMPHZ QBSUJDVMBSMZ GPS FēDJFOU |
|
UIFZ BSF OPU EJSFDUMZ QBZJOH *O TVDI DBTFT UIF |
TDSFFOJOH QSPDFTTFT GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ PS |
|
DVTUPNFS NBZ CF FJUIFS UIF QBUJFOU PS UIF QBSUZ |
FNFSHFODZ DBTFT UIF XIPMF QSPDFTT DBO CF JN |
|
UIBU JT QBZJOH GPS UIF TFSWJDF 'PS JOTUBODF UIJT |
QSPWFE XJUI UFMFNFEJDJOF *O UIPTF DBTFT HPPE |
|
NBZ PDDVS XJUI B QVCMJD IFBMUI QSPHSBN PS BO |
QSPDFTT RVBMJUZ SFTVMUT JO êOEJOH USFBUBCMF DBTFT |
|
JOTVSBODF DPNQBOZ &JUIFS XBZ êJOBODJBMMZ UIF |
JO UJNF UP BWPJE MBUFS DPTUT BOE IVNBO TVĒFSJOH |
|
JOUFSFTUT PG UIFTF EJĒFSFOU QBSUJFT NBZ DPOëJDU |
XIJDI JT EJēDVMU UP DBMDVMBUF JO FDPOPNJD UFSNT |
|
JO TPNF DBTFT ѮFSFGPSF XIFO VOEFSUBLJOH BOZ |
%FMBZFEEJBHOPTJTNBZBMTPBEWFSTFMZDIBOHFUIF |
|
BOBMZTFT JU JT JNQPSUBOU UP EFêOF DMFBSMZ UIF FY |
MFWFMPGJNQBJSNFOUBOEDBVTFIJHIJOEJSFDUDPTUT |
|
BDU NFBOJOH PG UIF XPSE DVTUPNFS |
UP TPDJFUZ |
|
|
|
|
) -BNNJOFO FU BM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-FBSOJOH BOE (SPXUI |
UPHSBQIT BOE PUIFS QBUJFOU JOGPSNBUJPO BOE JO |
|||
|
|
|
*ONFEJDJOF DPOTUBOUMFBSOJOHJTBMTPBLFZGBDUPS |
FNFSHFODZ TJUVBUJPOT CZ VTJOH SFBM UJNF TPMV |
|||
|
|
|
UJPOT FTQFDJBMMZ JO DBTFT XIFO FYQFOTJWF FNFS |
||||
|
|
|
BTNFEJDBMLOPXMFEHFDBOCFDPNFEBUFERVJDLMZ |
HFODZ USBOTQPSUBUJPO CZ BNCVMBODF PS IFMJDPQ |
|||
|
|
|
" LFZ DPODFSO JT IPX UP LFFQ UIF PSHBOJ[BUJPO |
UFS DBO CF BWPJEFE < > *O BEEJUJPO UP JNQSPWFE |
|||
|
|
|
BOE FBDI JOEJWJEVBM QSBDUJUJPOFS VQ UP EBUF JO |
USFBUNFOU SFTVMUT UFMFNFEJDJOF DBO PĒFS FDP |
|||
|
|
|
NFEJDBM LOPXMFEHF BOE JO UIF DPSF DPNQFUFO |
OPNJD TBWJOHT JO CPUI DBTFT |
|||
|
|
|
DJFT PG IFBMUI DBSF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$PNQFUFODJFT BEESFTT UIF BCJMJUZ UP CVOEMF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#BMBODF 4DPSFDBSE |
|
||
|
|
|
TLJMMT BT B SFTVMU PG PSHBOJ[BUJPOBM MFBSOJOH < > *O |
|
|||
|
|
|
QSBDUJDF JU NFBOT UIF BCJMJUZ UP DPNCJOF EJĒFSFOU |
|
JO5FMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ |
|
|
|
|
|
UFDIOJDBM BOE PQFSBUJPOBM TLJMMT $PSF DPNQFUFO |
*OWFTUNFOUT JO UFMFNFEJDJOF DBO CF FWBMVBUFE CZ |
|||
|
|
|
DJFT EP OPU XFBS PVU XJUI VTF 6OMJLF QIZTJDBM |
||||
|
|
|
BTTFUT XIJDIEFUFSJPSBUFXJUIUJNF JOGPSNBUJPO |
DBMDVMBUJOH TBWJOHT JO USBWFM FYQFOTFT NPSF FG |
|||
|
|
|
CBTFE DPNQFUFODJFT BSF FOIBODFE XIFO BQQMJFE |
êDJFOU JOWFTUNFOU VTBHF BOE TBWFE WJTJPO )PX |
|||
|
|
|
BOE TIBSFE 5FMFNFEJDJOF NBLFT UIF XPSL PG |
FWFS DBSF PG UIF NFEJDBM DPOTVNFS JT QSPCBCMZ |
|||
|
|
|
NFEJDBM QSPGFTTJPOBMT NPSF WJTJCMF UP QFFST BOE |
UIF NPTU JNQPSUBOU JTTVF *G UIF QBUJFOU JT TFFO BT |
|||
|
|
|
DPMMFBHVFT "UUIFTBNFUJNF JUBMTPPĒFSTPQQPS |
B DVTUPNFS UIFJS PQJOJPOT TIPVME CF FWBMVBUFE |
|||
|
|
|
UVOJUJFT GPS DPMMFBHVFT UP MFBSO GSPN FBDI PUIFS |
GSFRVFOUMZ *UNVTUCFLFQUJONJOE IPXFWFS UIBU |
|||
|
|
|
UP FMJNJOBUF JOBEFRVBUF QSBDUJDFT BT UIFZ DBOOPU |
GSPN UIF QFSTQFDUJWF PG QBUJFOUT JU JT OPU FBTZ UP |
|||
|
|
|
HP VOOPUJDFE JOEFêOJUFMZ |
DPNQBSF WBSJPVT TFSWJDF BMUFSOBUJWFT JG UIFZ IBWF |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
OPU FYQFSJFODFE BMM PG UIFN |
||
|
|
|
|
|
*OUFSOBM CVTJOFTT QSPDFTTFT DBO CF EPOF NPSF |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
0QIUIBMNPMPHJD 'SBNF |
|
||||
|
|
|
FēDJFOUMZ XJUI UFMFNFEJDJOF ѮF JOGPSNBUJPO |
||||
|
|
|
0QIUIBMNPMPHZIBTVOJRVFGFBUVSFTDPNQBSFEUP |
USBWFMT JOTUFBE PG UIF QBUJFOU *NNFEJBUFMZ BѫFS |
|||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
B QBUJFOUT EJBHOPTJT JT NBEF GPS FYBNQMF MBTFS |
||||
|
|
|
PUIFS NFEJDBM TQFDJBMUJFT 'PS JOTUBODF GPS HFO |
USFBUNFOU TDIFEVMJOH BOE GPMMPX VQ DBO CF BS |
|||
|
|
|
FSBMQSBDUJUJPOFST (1T VOGBNJMJBSXJUIBCJPNJ |
SBOHFE NPSF FēDJFOUMZ *O BEEJUJPO EJBHOPTFT |
|||
|
|
|
DSPTDPQF UIF CBTJD PQIUIBMNPMPHJD FYBNJOBUJPO |
BOE USFBUNFOUT DBO CF DPOOFDUFE GSPN CPUI B |
|||
|
|
|
JT EJēDVMU UP QFSGPSN .PTU (1T IBWF B MJNJUFE |
QSPDFTTBOEQBUJFOUQPJOUPGWJFX BOEFWFSZSFBM |
|||
|
|
|
LOPXMFEHF PG PQIUIBMNPMPHZ XIJDI QSJNBSJMZ |
UJNF BOE TUPSF BOE GPSFXPSE DPOTVMUBUJPO BDUT |
|||
|
|
|
DPWFST DPOKVODUJWJUJT BOE BMMFSHJD EJTFBTFT #F |
BT DPOUJOVJOH FEVDBUJPO GPS UIF NFEJDBM QSPGFT |
|||
|
|
|
DBVTF JO NPTU DPVOUSJFT QBUJFOUT XJUI DISPOJD |
TJPOBM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
FZF DBSF QSPCMFNT BT XFMM BT PUIFS FZF EJTFBTFT |
'JHVSF TIPXT POF FYBNQMF PG IPX UP DSF |
|||
|
|
|
BSF NBOBHFE CZ QSJWBUF PQIUIBMNPMPHJTUT MJN |
BUF UIF CBMBODF TDPSFDBSE GPS B IFBMUI DBSF PSHB |
|||
|
|
|
JUFE LOPXMFEHF DBO CF QSPCMFNBUJD JO UFSNT PG |
OJ[BUJPO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PQUJNBM DBSF m FTQFDJBMMZ CFDBVTF JU IBT CFFO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FTUJNBUFE UIBU PG B (1T BDVUF QBUJFOUT IBWF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$PODMVTJPO |
|
||
|
|
|
FZF QSPCMFNT ѮJT JT B CJH DIBMMFOHF GPS IFBMUI |
|
|||
|
|
|
DBSF QSPDFTTFT CFDBVTF FZF DPOEJUJPOT SFRVJSJOH |
8IFO BOBMZ[JOH UIF QPUFOUJBM CFOFêUT PG UFMF |
|||
|
|
|
FNFSHFODZ DBSF TVDI BT BDVUF HMBVDPNB FOEP |
||||
|
|
|
QIUIBMNJUJT BOE LFSBUJUJT DBO UISFBUFO WJTJPO |
NFEJDJOF BMM GBDUPST m JO BEEJUJPO UP BOE JODMVE |
|||
|
|
|
*O BEEJUJPO PQIUIBMNPMPHZ SFRVJSFT TLJMMT |
JOH DPTU GBDUPST m OFFE UP CF XFJHIFE 5FMFNFEJ |
|||
|
|
|
JO JNBHJOH BOE PUIFS TQFDJêD EJBHOPTUJD UFDI |
DJOF DBO JNQSPWF IFBMUI DBSF TFSWJDFT BOE BMTP |
|||
|
|
|
OJRVFT UIBU BSF FTTFOUJBM GPS NBLJOH EJBHOPTFT |
MFWFSBHF UIF LOPXMFEHF XJUIJO BO PSHBOJ[BUJPO |
|||
|
|
|
BOE GPS GPMMPXJOH VQ PO DISPOJD EJTFBTFT TVDI |
ѮFSF BSF PѫFO TJUVBUJPOT XIFSF JNQSPWFNFOUT |
|||
|
|
|
BT EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ HMBVDPNB BOE NBDVMBS |
JO QSPDFTTFT UIBU DSFBUF OFX BOE CFUUFS XBZT PG |
|||
|
|
|
EFHFOFSBUJPO |
EPJOH UIJOHT XJMM BVUPNBUJDBMMZ BMTP TBWF DPTUT |
|||
|
|
|
*O PQIUIBMNPMPHZ UFMFNFEJDJOF DBO CF VTFE |
*O IFBMUI DBSF IVNBO SFTPVSDF FYQFOTFT |
|||
|
|
|
GPSDISPOJDEJTFBTFTCZUSBOTNJUUJOHGVOEVTQIP |
BSF UIF NPTU TJHOJêDBOU DPTU GBDUPS 5P FOTVSF |
|||
|
&DPOPNJD &WBMVBUJPOT JO 5FMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ |
|
$IBQUFS |
|
'JH #BMBODFE TDPSFDBSE GPS IFBMUI DBSF PSHBOJ[B UJPO
TNPPUI BEPQUJPO PG OFX QSPDFTTFT TVDI BT UFMF NFEJDJOF QFSTPOOFM OFFE UP LOPX UIF HPBMT PG UIF DIBOHFT 0UIFSXJTF UIF DPMMFDUJWF DPODFSO BCPVU UIF QPTTJCJMJUZ UP MPTF FNQMPZNFOU PS CFO FêUT NBZ DPVOUFSBDU UIF QPTJUJWF BTQFDUT PG UIF OFX QSPDFTT
*O UFSNT PG PQFSBUJPOBM BTQFDUT UIF CJHHFTU DIBMMFOHFT JOWPMWF UIF PQUJNBM VTBHF PG TVSHJDBM GBDJMJUJFT BOE MBSHF EJBHOPTUJD JOWFTUNFOUT TVDI BT JNBHJOH FRVJQNFOU "EEJUJPOBMMZ UIPTF XIP JOWFTU JO IFBMUI DBSF CFMJFWF UIBU UFMFNFEJDJOF
XJMMMFBEUPNPSFFĒFDUJWFIFBMUIDBSFCZFOIBOD
JOH TLJMMT PG QFSTPOOFM BOE JODSFBTJOH VTBHF PG BMM PUIFS JOWFTUNFOUT
%JHJUBMJ[BUJPO PG NFEJDBM EJBHOPTUJD FRVJQ NFOU BOE JOUFHSBUJPO XJUI QBUJFOU JOGPSNBUJPO TZTUFNT BMPOH XJUI UIF B MBDL PG SFTPVSDFT BSF UIF LFZ SFBTPOT XIZ UFMFNFEJDJOF XJMM IBWF B
CJHHFS SPMF JO UIF IFBMUI TFDUPS UIBO JT HFOFSBMMZ
BDLOPXMFEHFE UPEBZ *U TFFNT UIBU JO UIF GVUVSF UFMFNFEJDJOF XJMM CF UIF POMZ XBZ UP PĒFS IFBMUI TFSWJDFT XJUI IJHIFS RVBMJUZ XJUIJO HJWFO êOBO DJBM DPOTUSBJOUT
8IFO NBOBHJOH BOE MFBEJOH B IFBMUI DBSF PS HBOJ[BUJPO JUJTFTTFOUJBMUPOPUJDFIPXDPSQPSBUF NBOBHFNFOU NFUIPET DBO CF BQQMJFE UP IFBMUI DBSF %VF UP UIF VOJRVF GFBUVSFT PG IFBMUI DBSF JOEVTUSJBM NFUIPET BSF OPU EJSFDUMZ BQQMJDBCMF )PXFWFS UIFZ DBO CF VTFE CFOFêDJBMMZ JG UIFJS TUSFOHUIT BOE XFBLOFTTFT BSF QSPQFSMZ JEFOUJ êFE
3FGFSFODFT
-BNNJOFO ) 7PJQJP 7 3VPIPOFO , 5FMF NFEJDJOF GSBNFXPSL BOE BQQMJDBUJPOT JO EFSNBUPM PHZ BOE PQIUIBMNPMPHZ "OO .FE m.BJS '4 )BZDPY " .BZ $ 8JMMJBNT 5 " SFWJFX PG UFMFNFEJDJOF DPTU FĒFDUJWFOFTT TUVEJFT +
5FMFNFE 5FMFDBSF m
-BNNJOFO ) -BNNJOFO + 3VPIPOFO , 6VTJUBMP ) " DPTU TUVEZ PG UFMFDPOTVMUBUJPO GPS QSJNB SZ DBSF PQIUIBMNPMPHZ BOE EFSNBUPMPHZ + 5FMFNFE 5FMFDBSF m
8JUUFO 1 .BJS ' )BZDPY " .BZ $ 8JMMJBNT 5 )FMMNJDI 4 4ZTUFNBUJD SFWJFX PG DPTU FĒFD UJWFOFTT TUVEJFT PG UFMFNFEJDJOF JOUFSWFOUJPOT #S
.FE +
,BQMBO3 /PSUPO1 5SBOTMBUJOHTUSBUFHZJOUP BDUJPO UIF CBMBODFT TDPSFDBSE )BSWBSE #VTJOFTT 4DIPPM 1SFTT #PTUPO ."
-BNNJOFO ) 4BMNJOFO - 6VTJUBMP ) 5FMF DPOTVMUBUJPOT CFUXFFO HFOFSBM QSBDUJUJPOFST BOE PQIUIBMNPMPHJTUT JO 'JOMBOE + 5FMFNFE 5FMFDBSFm
1SBIBMBE $ )BNFM ( ѮF DPSF DPNQFUFODF PG UIF DPSQPSBUJPO )BSW #VT 3FW .BZm+VOF m
1BSU ** "TTFTTNFOU PG %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ |
|
$IBQUFS |
|
-PPLJOH GPS 1SPCMFNT BOE 4PMVUJPOT o ** 5FMFTDSFFOJOH
$IBQUFS
5FMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ "TTFTTNFOU PG %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ
*OHSJE & ;JNNFS (BMMFS
$IBQUFS
%JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ 4DSFFOJOH 8IBU .PEFM JT "QQSPQSJBUF $ISJT + #BSSZ *BO - .D"MMJTUFS
*BO + $POTUBCMF ,BOBHBTJOHBN :PHFTBO
$IBQUFS
%JHJUBM %FUFDUJPO PG %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ o 4DSFFOJOH 'SPN BO "NFSJDBO 1FSTQFDUJWF
-BXSFODF . .FSJO
$IBQUFS
*NQSPWFE 4DSFFOJOH GPS 3FUJOPQBUIZ PG 1SFNBUVSJUZ 301 o %FNPOTUSBUJPO PG B5FMFNFEJDBM 4PMVUJPO
)FJLF &MëFJO #JSHJU -PSFO[
$IBQUFS
7JTVBM 3FIBCJMJUBUJPO $POTVMUBUJPOT UISPVHI5FMFNFEJDJOF
+BEF 4 4DIJĒNBO (JOB ( 8POH
3PTB " 5BOH 3BOEZ 5 +PTF
$IBQUFS
5FMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ "TTFTTNFOU PG %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ
*OHSJE & ;JNNFS (BMMFS
5IJT DIBQUFS BEESFTTFT UIF GPMMPXJOH
,FZ $PODFQUT
%JBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ JT B MFBEJOH DBVTF
PG CMJOEOFTT JO XPSLJOH BHF BEVMUT CVU
BQQSPQSJBUF USFBUNFOU DBO TJHOJêDBOUMZ SFEVDF UIF SJTL PG WJTJPO MPTT
5FMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ QSPHSBNT CBTFE PO EJHJUBM SFUJOBM JNBHJOH TIPX HSFBU QSPNJTF UP JODSFBTF SBUFT PG FWBMVBUJPO GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ
ѮF SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT PG UIF 5FMFIFBMUI 1SBDUJDF 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS %JBCFUJD
3FUJOPQBUIZ EJWJEF QSPHSBNT JOUP GPVS
BSFBT PG DBSF JNBHF BDRVJTJUJPO JNBHF SFWJFX BOE FWBMVBUJPO QBUJFOU DBSF TV QFSWJTJPO BOE JNBHF BOE EBUB TUPSBHF
5FMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ BTTFTTNFOU PG
EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ JODMVEFT QFSTPO OFM FRVJQNFOU BOE EBUB USBOTGFS MFHBM
SFRVJSFNFOUT QSPHSBN WBMJEBUJPO BOE RVBMJUZ DPOUSPM
*OUSPEVDUJPO
%JBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ JT B MFBEJOH DBVTF PG CMJOE OFTTJOXPSLJOHBHFBEVMUT< > .VMUJQMFQSPTQFD UJWF SBOEPNJ[FE DMJOJDBM USJBMT IBWF EFNPOTUSBU FE UIBU BQQSPQSJBUF USFBUNFOU DBO TJHOJêDBOUMZ SFEVDF UIF SJTL PG WJTJPO MPTT GSPN EJBCFUJD SFUJ OPQBUIZ< m > ѮFDMJOJDBMCFOFêUTPGSFHVMBSFY
BNJOBUJPOT UP FTUBCMJTI UIF QSFTFODF PG USFBUBCMF
EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ IBWF MPOH CFFO SFDPHOJ[FE
< > *U IBT CFFO FTUJNBUFE UIBU QSPHSBNT SF
TVMUJOHJOEFUFDUJPOBOEBQQSPQSJBUFUSFBUNFOUPG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ DPVME QPUFOUJBMMZ TBWF PWFS
NJMMJPO64%JOIFBMUIDBSFDPTUTJOUIF6OJU
FE 4UBUFT BOOVBMMZ < > *O TQJUF PG XFMM FTUBCMJTIFE HVJEFMJOFT GPS SFD
PNNFOEFE FZF FYBNJOBUJPOT B MBSHF OVNCFS PG QBUJFOUT XJUI EJBCFUFT EP OPU VOEFSHP TVDI
FYBNJOBUJPOT < > *U JT FTUJNBUFE UIBU PS
NPSFPGQBUJFOUTXJUIEJBCFUFTJOWBSJPVTQPQVMB UJPOTEPOPUGPMMPXSFDPNNFOEBUJPOTGPSSFHVMBS
FZF FYBNJOBUJPOT < > 3FBTPOT GPS QPPS DPNQMJ
BODF BSF OVNFSPVT BOE JODMVEF MBDL PG WJTVBM TZNQUPNT JO UIF FBSMZ TUBHFT PG UIF EJTFBTF TP
DJP FDPOPNJD GBDUPST HFPHSBQIJD SFTUSJDUJPOT
BOEMBDLPGQBUJFOUBOEQSPWJEFSFEVDBUJPOBCPVU UIFOFFEGPSSFHVMBSSFUJOBMFYBNJOBUJPOTGPSEJB CFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ < >
%JBCFUJDSFUJOPQBUIZJTSFBEJMZEFUFDUFECZFY BNJOBUJPO BOE SFUJOBM JNBHFSZ JT SFHVMBSMZ VTFE UP EPDVNFOU SFUJOBM êOEJOHT *O SFDFOU ZFBST EJHJUBM SFUJOBM QIPUPHSBQIZ IBT CFFO VTFE BT B
UPPM UP BTTFTT QBUJFOUT XJUI EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ
CPUI JO UIF DMJOJDBM BOE SFTFBSDI TFUUJOH 5FMF
PQIUIBMNPMPHZ QSPHSBNT CBTFE PO EJHJUBM SFUJ OBM JNBHJOH TIPX HSFBU QSPNJTF UP JODSFBTF SBUFT PG FWBMVBUJPO GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ %JBCFUJD
SFUJOPQBUIZ JT BO JEFBM NPEFM GPS UFMFNFEJDJOF
JOJUJBUJWFT BOE FWBMVBUJPO GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQB
UIZ JT POF PG UIF NPTU DPNNPO VTFT PG UFMFNFEJ
DJOF JO PQIUIBMNPMPHZ *O UIF QBTU EFDBEF B QMFUIPSB PG EJBCFUJD SFUJ
OPQBUIZ BTTFTTNFOU QSPHSBNT PO CPUI MBSHF BOE
TNBMM TDBMFT IBWF CFFO JOJUJBUFE .BOZ IFBMUI
DBSF QSPWJEFST BSF JOUFSFTUFE JO VUJMJ[JOH TVDI QSPHSBNT UP JODSFBTF DPNQMJBODF XJUI UIF SFD PNNFOEBUJPOT GPS EJBCFUJD FZF FYBNJOBUJPOT %FTJHOJOH CVJMEJOH BOE JNQMFNFOUJOH B UFMF
PQIUIBMNPMPHZ EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ QSPHSBN
NBZ CF DIBMMFOHJOH *O DPOKVODUJPO XJUI UIF
|
|
|
* & ;JNNFS (BMMFS |
|
|
|
|
|
"NFSJDBO 5FMFNFEJDJOF |
"TTPDJBUJPO "5" |
FRVJQNFOU BOE EBUB USBOTGFS MFHBM SFRVJSFNFOUT |
||
|
|
0DVMBS 5FMFIFBMUI 4QFDJBM *OUFSFTU (SPVQ 05 |
WBMJEBUJPO BOE RVBMJUZ DPOUSPM |
|||
|
|
4*( BOEUIF/BUJPOBM*OTUJUVUFPG4UBOEBSETBOE |
|
|
||
|
|
5FDIOPMPHZ /*45 BXPSLJOHHSPVQGPSNVMBUFE |
|
|
||
|
|
1FSTPOOFM |
|
|||
|
|
BHVJEF GPS MFBEFSTIJQ BOE TUBĒUP EFWFMPQ DPIFS |
|
|||
|
|
FOU FĒFDUJWF BOE TVTUBJOBCMF PDVMBS UFMFIFBMUI |
*NBHF BDRVJTJUJPO QFSTPOOFM XIP BDRVJSF SFUJOBM |
|||
|
|
EJBCFUJDSFUJOPQBUIZQSPHSBNT< > *OUIJTDIBQ |
||||
|
|
UFS UIF 5FMFIFBMUI 1SBDUJDF 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS |
JNBHFTPѫFOBSFOPUMJDFOTFEFZFDBSFQSPGFTTJPO |
|||
|
|
%JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ XJMM CF SFWJFXFE |
BMT *OGBDU JNBHFTBSFGSFRVFOUMZPCUBJOFEJOTFU |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
UJOHT XIFSF B MJDFOTFE QIZTJDJBO JT OPU QIZTJDBMMZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BWBJMBCMF ѮFSFGPSF JNBHFBDRVJTJUJPOQFSTPOOFM |
|
|
|
.JTTJPO BOE (PBMT |
|
|||
|
|
|
NVTUQPTTFTTBOBQQSPQSJBUFLOPXMFEHFCBTFBOE |
|||
|
|
8IFO EFTJHOJOH CVJMEJOH BOE JNQMFNFOUJOH |
EFNPOTUSBUF OFDFTTBSZ TLJMMT UP BMMPX JOEFQFO |
|||
|
|
EFOU JNBHJOH 4VDI QFSTPOOFM NVTU CF BCMF UP |
||||
|
|
B UFMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ QSP |
DPNNVOJDBUF XJUI QBUJFOUT UP PCUBJO JOGPSNFE |
|||
|
|
HSBN B DMFBS NJTTJPO TUBUFNFOU BOE HPBMT BSF FT |
DPOTFOU XIFUIFS XSJUUFO PS PSBM BOE NVTU CF |
|||
|
|
TFOUJBM /PPOFTJOHMFTZTUFNDBOêMMBMMUIFOFFET |
BCMF UP QSPWJEF CBTJD QBUJFOU FEVDBUJPO *G QVQJM |
|||
|
|
BOE SFRVJSFNFOUT PG FWFSZ QSPHSBN *U JT MFTT |
MBSZ EJMBUJPO JT VUJMJ[FE GPS JNBHJOH UIF JNBHFS |
|||
|
|
JNQPSUBOU GPS FYBNQMF XIFUIFS BO JOEJWJEVBM |
TIPVME IBWF BO VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG BOHMF DMPTVSF |
|||
|
|
QSPHSBNVTFTBNZESJBUJDPSOPO NZESJBUJDDBN |
HMBVDPNBBOEBQQSPQSJBUFBDUJPOTUPUBLFJGBOHMF |
|||
|
|
FSB TUFSFP PS OPO TUFSFP JNBHFT TJOHMF êFME PS |
DMPTVSF JT TVTQFDUFE |
|||
|
|
NVMUJQMFêFMET DBQUVSFTDPMPSPSNPOPDISPNBUJD |
*NBHF SFBEFST SFWJFX BOE FWBMVBUF JNBHFT GPS |
|||
|
|
JNBHFT FUD .PSF JNQPSUBOUMZ TQFDJêDT SFHBSE |
SFUJOBMMFTJPOTBOEUPEFUFSNJOFMFWFMTPGEJBCFUJD |
|||
|
|
JOHUIFUZQFPGUFMFUFDIOPMPHZUPCFVTFENVTUCF |
SFUJOPQBUIZ "OZ USBJOFE OPO MJDFOTFE SFBEFST |
|||
|
|
UBJMPSFE UP FBDI JOEJWJEVBM QSPHSBNT OFFET |
NVTU VOEFSHP JO EFQUI USBJOJOH UP BDRVJSF UIF |
|||
|
|
ѮF NJTTJPO PG B UFMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ EJBCFUJD |
SFRVJSFE LOPXMFEHF BOE TLJMMT TQFDJêD UP UIF |
|||
SFUJOPQBUIZ QSPHSBN JT UZQJDBMMZ UP JODSFBTF BD OFFET PG UIF PDVMBS UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBN JODMVE
DFTT BOE BEIFSFODF UP FTUBCMJTIFE TUBOEBSET PG DBSFBNPOHQBUJFOUTXJUIEJBCFUFT (PBMTTQFDJêD UPEJBCFUJDSFUJOPQBUIZQSPHSBNTNBZJODMVEF JNQSPWJOH BDDFTT UP UIF EJBHOPTJT BOE NBOBHF NFOU PG SFUJOPQBUIZ SFEVDJOH UIF JODJEFODF PG WJTJPO MPTT JNQSPWJOH DPTU FĒFDUJWFOFTT
BOE FOIBODJOH FēDJFODZ BOE DMJOJDBM FG GFDUJWFOFTT PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ EJBHOPTJT
BOE NBOBHFNFOU 1SPHSBNT NBZ UBSHFU TQFDJêD QPQVMBUJPOT PG QBUJFOUT PS CF JNQMFNFOUFE PO B MBSHF TDBMF PS PWFS B MBSHF HFPHSBQIJD BSFB
3FRVJSFNFOUT UP *NQMFNFOU
'PVS &MFNFOUT PG $BSF
ѮF 5FMFIFBMUI 1SBDUJDF 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS
%JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ EJWJEFT EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQB UIZ UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBNT JOUP GPVS FMFNFOUT PG DBSF JNBHF BDRVJTJUJPO JNBHF SFWJFX BOE FWBMV BUJPO QBUJFOU DBSF TVQFSWJTJPO BOE JNBHF BOE
EBUB TUPSBHF &BDI PG UIFTF DPNQPOFOUT SFRVJSFT
QFSTPOOFM XJUI TQFDJêD EVUJFT BOE RVBMJêDBUJPOT
JOH QFSGPSNJOH PēDJBM HSBEJOHT BOE JOUFSQSFUB
UJPO PG SFUJOBM JNBHFT 4QFDJêD QSPUPDPMT GPS JOJ
UJBM BOE SFDVSSFOU USBJOJOH BOE DFSUJêDBUJPO OFFE
UP CF FTUBCMJTIFE BOE EPDVNFOUFE 4VDI SFBEFST
TIPVME BMTP CF VOEFS UIF EJSFDU TVQFSWJTJPO PG B
MJDFOTFE FZF DBSF QSPWJEFS XJUI FYQFSUJTF JO UIF FWBMVBUJPO BOE NBOBHFNFOU PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQ
BUIZ ѮF MJDFOTFE QSPWJEFS JT VMUJNBUFMZ SFTQPO TJCMF GPS UIF JNBHF HSBEJOHT
'JOBMMZ UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBNT GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJ
OPQBUIZ TIPVME JODMVEF JOGPSNBUJPO TQFDJBMJTUT XIP BSF JNBHF BOE EBUB NBOBHFNFOU TQFDJBMJTUT 4VDI QFSTPOOFM TIPVME CF SFTQPOTJCMF GPS UIF
JOUFHSJUZ PG TUPSFE JNBHFT BOE EBUB BOE GPS UIF DPPSEJOBUJPO PG TZTUFN XJEF NBJOUFOBODF
&RVJQNFOU BOE %BUB5SBOTGFS
&RVJQNFOU SFRVJSFNFOUT BSF EJSFDUMZ SFMBUFE UP UIF BQQMJDBUJPOT UIFZ TVQQPSU XIJDI EFQFOE JOH PO UIF QSPHSBNT HPBMT OFDFTTJUBUFT EJĒFSFOU NFEJDBM QFSJQIFSBMT DPNNVOJDBUJPO UFDIOPM
|
"TTFTTNFOU PG %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ |
|
$IBQUFS |
|
PHZ BOE TVQQPSU QFSTPOOFM )BSEXBSF BOE TPѫ XBSF BSF VTFE GPS NFEJDBM JOGPSNBUJPO DBQUVSF
USBOTNJTTJPO BOE EJTQMBZ 1FSGPSNBODF MFWFMT PG
UFMFUFDIOPMPHJDBM FRVJQNFOU TIPVME NBUDI DMJOJ
DBM SFRVJSFNFOUT
3FRVJSFNFOUT
&RVJQNFOU VTFE JO UFMFIFBMUI TZTUFNT NVTU DPO
GPSNUPUIFSFRVJSFNFOUTPGMPDBMBOEGFEFSBMSFH
VMBUPSZ BHFODJFT TVDI BT UIF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT 64
'PPEBOE%SVH"ENJOJTUSBUJPO '%" 5FMFUFDI OPMPHZ FRVJQNFOU TQFDJêDBUJPOT BOE OFFET XJMM
WBSZ XJEFMZ EFQFOEJOH PO JOEJWJEVBM QSPHSBN
HPBMT ѮF EJBHOPTUJD BDDVSBDZ PG BOZ JNBHJOH TZTUFN UP CF VTFE NVTU CF WBMJEBUFE TFF 4FDUJPO7BMJEBUJPO BOE UIF UFDIOPMPHZ VTFE TIPVME BEIFSF UP TUBOEBSET PG %JHJUBM *NBHJOH BOE $PNNVOJDBUJPOT JO .FEJDJOF %*$0.
%BUB
%BUB DPNQSFTTJPO JT GSFRVFOUMZ VTFE UP GBDJMJUBUF USBOTNJTTJPO BOE TUPSBHF PG MBSHF EBUB êMFT TVDI BT GPS SFUJOBM JNBHFSZ $PNQSFTTJPO BMHPSJUINT NVTU VOEFSHP UIPSPVHI DMJOJDBM WBMJEBUJPO BT XFMM BT QFSJPEJD SFWJFX UP FOTVSF BQQSPQSJBUF JNBHF RVBMJUZ BOE EJBHOPTUJD BDDVSBDZ
3FUJOBM JNBHF BOBMZTJT UFDIOPMPHZ JT FNFSH JOH UP FOIBODF JNBHF RVBMJUZ BOE BMTP UP BVUP
NBUJDBMMZ JEFOUJGZ TQFDJêD MFTJPOT PG EJBCFUJD
SFUJOPQBUIZ < > "OZ TVDI JNBHF QSPDFTTJOH BMHPSJUINT FTQFDJBMMZ XIFO VTFE UP BTTFTT MFWFMT
PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ NVTU VOEFSHP SJHPSPVT WBMJEBUJPO UP FOTVSF EJBHOPTUJD BDDVSBDZ *O UIF
64 TVDI UFDIOPMPHZ NVTU BMTP CF BQQSPWFE CZ UIF '%" CFGPSF JNQMFNFOUBUJPO JO UIF DMJOJDBM TFUUJOH JT QPTTJCMF
%BUB DPNNVOJDBUJPO BOE USBOTGFS TIPVME CF JOEJWJEVBMJ[FE UP FBDI QSPHSBNT SFRVJSFNFOUT
)PXFWFS USBOTNJTTJPO TZTUFNT TIPVME JODMVEF
SPCVTU FSSPS DIFDLJOH TZTUFNT UP QSFDMVEF MPTT PG DMJOJDBM JOGPSNBUJPO $POGPSNBODF XJUI %* $0. TUBOEBSET BOE )- TUBOEBSET JG JOUFSGBD JOH XJUI PUIFS IFBMUI JOGPSNBUJPO TZTUFNT JT
SFDPNNFOEFE $PNQVUFS EJTQMBZ NPOJUPST GPS FWBMVBUJPO PG
SFUJOBM JNBHFT TIPVME CF PG IJHI RVBMJUZ BOE DB
QBCMF PG IJHI SFTPMVUJPO %JTQMBZ NPOJUPST VTFE GPS EJBHOPTUJD QVSQPTFT TIPVME BMTP CF WBMJEBU
FE GPS BDDVSBDZ PG DMJOJDBM EJBHOPTJT SFBMJ[JOH
UIBU EJTQMBZ DBQBCJMJUJFT BOE DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT NBZ
DIBOHF PWFS UJNF
0UIFS JTTVFT UP DPOTJEFS JODMVEF UIF OFFE GPS TUPSBHF DBQBDJUZ BOE QPMJDJFT PO BSDIJWJOH BOE
SFUSJFWJOH EJHJUBM JNBHFT JO BDDPSEBODF XJUI BOZ BQQMJDBCMF MPDBM PS GFEFSBM SFHVMBUJPOT 4JNJMBSMZ TFDVSJUZ QSPUPDPMT OFFE UP CF DMFBSMZ EFêOFE UP
QSPUFDU QBUJFOU DPOêEFOUJBMJUZ JODMVEJOH CJU FODSZQUJPO BOE UXP QPJOU BVUIFOUJDBUJPO UFDI OPMPHZ UP TBGFHVBSE EBUB JOUFHSJUZ *O UIF 64
UFMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ TZTUFNT NVTU DPOGPSN XJUI
)FBMUI *OTVSBODF 1PSUBCJMJUZ BOE "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ "DU )*11" SFRVJSFNFOUT 'JOBMMZ TZTUFN BOE EBUB SFMJBCJMJUZ BOE SFEVOEBODZ QPMJDJFT BT XFMM BT B CBDLVQ EJTBTUFS QMBO TIPVME CF DPOTJEFSFE
-FHBM 3FRVJSFNFOUT
-FHBM SFRVJSFNFOUT SFMBUJOH UP UIF QSBDUJDF PG UFMFPQIUIBMNPMPHZ BSF HFOFSBMMZ TJNJMBS UP UIPTF GPS PUIFS UFMFNFEJDJOF NPEBMJUJFT XJUI MJDFOTVSF
JTTVFT WBSZJOH GSPN TUBUF UP TUBUF BOE DPVOUSZ UP
DPVOUSZ 5ZQJDBMMZ BMM DSJUFSJB NVTU CF NFU GPS MJDFOTVSF JO FWFSZ TUBUF PS SFHJPO XIFSF B UFMF NFEJDJOF QSPHSBN JT JNQMFNFOUFE BT XFMM BT JO UIF MPDBUJPO PG UIF SFBEJOH DFOUFS XIFSF JNBHFT
BSFFWBMVBUFE 1BUJFOUTTIPVMECFJOGPSNFEBCPVU
UIF UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBN BOE CF BMMPXFE UP EFDJEF
XIFUIFSUPQBSUJDJQBUF "TBQBSUPGJOGPSNFEDPO TFOU QBUJFOUT OFFE UP CF BEWJTFE UIBU B UFMFPQI UIBMNPMPHZ SFUJOBM FYBNJOBUJPO EPFT OPU SFQMBDF B DPNQSFIFOTJWF FZF FYBNJOBUJPO 4JHOBUVSF
DPOTFOU JT OPU OFDFTTBSJMZ B SFRVJSFNFOU TJODF PDVMBS UFMFIFBMUI QSPDFEVSFT BSF DPOTJEFSFE MPX SJTL BOE XJUIJO DPNNPOMZ BDDFQUFE TUBOEBSET
PG QSBDUJDF < > )PXFWFS QSPHSBN PVUDPNFT TIPVMECFDPOUJOVPVTMZNPOJUPSFEUPFOTVSFUIBU
UIFZNFFUPSFYDFFEDVSSFOUTUBOEBSETPGDBSFGPS SFUJOBM FYBNJOBUJPO
7BMJEBUJPO
ѮF 5FMFIFBMUI 1SBDUJDF 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ DPOTJEFST WBMJEBUJPO PG
EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ QSPHSBNT FTTFOUJBM &5%34
* & ;JNNFS (BMMFS |
|
|
&BSMZ 5SFBUNFOU %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ 4UVEZ |
UISFBUFOJOH EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ BOE UIPTF |
|
TFWFO êFME TUFSFP DPMPS NN TMJEFT < > |
XJUIPVU TJHIU UISFBUFOJOH EJTFBTF 4JHIU |
|
BSF DPOTJEFSFE UIF HPME TUBOEBSE GPS FWBMVBUJPO |
UISFBUFOJOH EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ JODMVEFT |
|
PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ 4JODF DVSSFOUMZ UIFSF BSF |
BOZ MFWFM PG EJBCFUJD NBDVMBS FEFNB TFWFSF |
|
OP XJEFMZ BDDFQUFE TUBOEBSE DSJUFSJB GPS UIF VTF |
OPO QSPMJGFSBUJWF EJTFBTF &5%34 MFWFM PS |
|
PG EJHJUBM JNBHJOH GPS FWBMVBUJPO PG EJBCFUJD SFUJ |
XPSTF BOE QSPMJGFSBUJWF EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQB |
|
OPQBUIZ UFMFNFEJDJOF QSPHSBNT GPS EJBCFUJD SFU |
UIZ &5%34 MFWFM PS XPSTF 1BUJFOUT XJUI |
|
JOPQBUIZ TIPVME EFNPOTUSBUF BO BCJMJUZ UP DPN |
TJHIU UISFBUFOJOH EJTFBTF SFRVJSF QSPNQU |
|
QBSF GBWPSBCMZ XJUI &5%34 êMN QIPUPHSBQIZ |
SFGFSSBM GPS QPTTJCMF USFBUNFOU TVDI BT MBTFS |
|
7BMJEBUJPO TUVEJFT TIPVME JODMVEF LBQQB WBM |
QIPUPDPBHVMBUJPO |
|
VFT GPS BHSFFNFOU PG EJBHOPTJT GBMTF QPTJUJWF |
$BUFHPSZ WBMJEBUJPO BMMPXT QBUJFOU NBO |
|
BOE GBMTF OFHBUJWF SFBEJOHT QPTJUJWF QSFEJDUJWF |
BHFNFOU XJUI EFDJTJPOT UIBU NBUDI SFDPN |
|
WBMVF OFHBUJWF QSFEJDUJWF WBMVF BOE TFOTJUJWJUZ |
NFOEBUJPOT CBTFE PO B EJMBUFE DMJOJDBM SFUJ |
|
BOE TQFDJêDJUZ PG EJBHOPTJOH MFWFMT PG EJBCFUJD |
OBM FYBNJOBUJPO ѮJT DBUFHPSZ PG WBMJEBUJPO |
|
SFUJOPQBUIZ JODMVEJOH NBDVMBS FEFNB $MBTTJê |
JOEJDBUFT B TZTUFN UIBU DBO JEFOUJGZ MFWFMT PG |
|
DBUJPO TDIFNFT PUIFS UIBO &5%34 TVDI BT UIF |
OPO QSPMJGFSBUJWF EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ QSP |
|
QSPQPTFE *OUFSOBUJPOBM $MJOJDBM %JBCFUJD 3FUJ |
MJGFSBUJWF EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ BOE NBDVMBS |
|
OPQBUIZ %JTFBTF 4FWFSJUZ TDBMF < > NBZ BMTP |
FEFNB XJUI TVēDJFOU BDDVSBDZ UP EFUFSNJOF |
|
CF VTFE GPS HSBEJOH EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ 0DVMBS |
BQQSPQSJBUF EJTFBTF NBOBHFNFOU TUSBUFHJFT |
|
UFMFNFEJDJOF QSPUPDPMT TIPVME TUBUF UIF TUBO |
"EEJUJPOBMMZ UIJT MFWFM PG WBMJEBUJPO BMTP SF |
|
EBSET VTFE GPS WBMJEBUJPO BT XFMM BT SFMFWBOU EBUB |
RVJSFT UIF BCJMJUZ UP EFUFDU DMJOJDBMMZ TJHOJê |
|
TFUT GPS DPNQBSJTPO |
DBOU NBDVMBS FEFNB |
|
*O EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBNT |
$BUFHPSZ WBMJEBUJPO JOEJDBUFT B TZTUFN UIBU |
|
JOBCJMJUZ UP PCUBJO BEFRVBUF JNBHFT TIPVME CF |
IBT CFFO TIPXO UP NBUDI PS FYDFFE UIF BCJM |
|
DPOTJEFSFE B QPTJUJWF êOEJOH TJODF UIF QSFTFODF |
JUZ PG &5%34 QIPUPHSBQIT UP JEFOUJGZ MFTJPOT |
|
PS BCTFODF PG EJTFBTF DBOOPU CF EFUFSNJOFE |
PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ JO PSEFS UP EFUFSNJOF |
|
1BUJFOUT GPS XIPN BEFRVBUF JNBHFT BSF OPU PC |
MFWFMT PG SFUJOPQBUIZ BOE NBDVMBS FEFNB |
|
UBJOFE PS BSF VOSFBEBCMF TIPVME CF SFGFSSFE GPS |
'VODUJPOBMMZ $BUFHPSZ WBMJEBUJPO JOEJDBUFT |
|
FWBMVBUJPO CZ BO FZF DBSF TQFDJBMJTU |
UIBU B QSPHSBN DBO SFQMBDF &5%34 QIPUP |
|
'PVS DBUFHPSJFT PG WBMJEBUJPO GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJ |
HSBQIT JO BOZ DMJOJDBM PS SFTFBSDI TFUUJOH "M |
|
OPQBUIZ UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBNT VTJOH &5%34 |
UIPVHI UIF RVBMJUZ PG EJHJUBM JNBHJOH TZTUFNT |
|
TFWFO êFME TUFSFP TUBOEBSE DPMPSGVOEVTQIPUP |
JT BQQSPBDIJOH UIBU PG êMN QIPUPHSBQIZ UP |
|
HSBQIT BT UIF SFGFSFODF TUBOEBSE BSF SFDPHOJ[FE |
EBUF OPEJHJUBMJNBHJOHTZTUFNIBTCFFODPO |
|
CZ UIF 5FMFIFBMUI 1SBDUJDF 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS |
DMVTJWFMZ TIPXO UP NBUDI PS FYDFFE &5%34 |
|
%JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ |
TUFSFP GVOEVT QIPUPHSBQIT GPS UIF EFUFDUJPO |
|
$BUFHPSZ * WBMJEBUJPO JOEJDBUFT B TZTUFN UIBU |
PGEJBCFUJDSFUJOPQBUIZMFTJPOT $VSSFOUMZUIJT |
|
DBO TFQBSBUF QBUJFOUT JOUP UIPTF XIP IBWF OP |
JT B UIFPSFUJDBM SBUIFS UIBO B QSBDUJDBM WBMJEB |
|
PS WFSZ NJME OPO QSPMJGFSBUJWF EJBCFUJD SFUJ |
UJPO DBUFHPSZ |
|
OPQBUIZ &5%34MFWFM PSCFMPX BOEUIPTF |
|
|
XJUI NPSF TFWFSF MFWFMT PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQB |
|
|
2VBMJUZ $POUSPM |
|
|
UIZ &5%34 MFWFM PS XPSTF 'VODUJPOBMMZ |
|
|
UIJT BMMPXT JEFOUJêDBUJPO PG QBUJFOUT XJUI OP |
"MM UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBNT TIPVME IBWF TQFDJêFE |
|
PS NJOJNBM EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ BOE UIPTF |
||
XIP IBWF NPSF UIBO NJOJNBM EJBCFUJD SFUJ QPMJDJFT BOE QSPDFEVSFT JO QMBDF UP NPOJUPS BOE |
||
OPQBUIZ " $BUFHPSZ WBMJEBUFE QSPHSBN JT |
UP DPOUJOVPVTMZ FWBMVBUF TZTUFN QFSGPSNBODF |
|
EFTJHOFETPUIBUBMMQBUJFOUTXJUIHSFBUFSUIBO |
< > 7BSJPVT FMFNFOUT PG UIF QSPHSBN UIBU JO |
|
NJOJNBM EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ BSF SFGFSSFE GPS |
DMVEF m CVU BSF OPU MJNJUFE UP m JNBHF BDRVJTJ |
|
GVSUIFS FWBMVBUJPO |
UJPO JNBHF USBOTNJTTJPO BOE JNBHF FWBMVBUJPO |
|
$BUFHPSZ WBMJEBUJPO JOEJDBUFT B TZTUFN UIBU GVODUJPOT OFFE UP CF SF FWBMVBUFE BU SFHVMBS JO
DBO BDDVSBUFMZ JEFOUJGZ QBUJFOUT XJUI TJHIU UFSWBMT 1SPHSBN PVUDPNFT BMTP OFFE UP CF SFHV
|
"TTFTTNFOU PG %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ |
|
$IBQUFS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
MBSMZ BOE GPSNBMMZ SFWJFXFE UP BTTVSF TVTUBJOFE |
%JHJ4DPQF |
|
|
||
RVBMJUZ DBSF 0VUDPNF SFWJFX BOE QSPCMFN JEFO |
|
|
|
||
UJêDBUJPO TIPVME CF VTFE UP HVJEF DPSSFDUJWF JO |
"O FYBNQMF PG B EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ QSPHSBN |
||||
UFSWFOUJPOT |
WBMJEBUFE BU B $BUFHPSZ MFWFM JT UIF %JHJ4DPQF |
||||
|
5FMFIFBMUI 1SBDUJDF 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS %JB |
EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ SJTL BTTFTTNFOU QSPHSBN |
|||
CFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ MJTUT FYBNQMFT PG RVBMJUZ DPO |
CZ &ZF5FM *NBHJOH *OD |
$PMVNCJB .BSZMBOE |
|||
USPM NFBTVSFT UIBU JODMVEF TUBOEBSEJ[FE USBJOJOH |
64" ѮJT QSPHSBN JT VOJRVF JO UIBU JU VUJMJ[FT B |
||||
GPS LFZ QFSTPOOFM TVDI BT JNBHFST BOE SFBEFST |
QSPQSJFUBSZ TFNJ BVUPNBUFE GVOEVT DBNFSB UIF |
||||
5SBJOJOH DBO JODMVEF TUSVDUVSFE TFMG TUVEZ BOE |
%JHJ4DPQF< > 'JH XIJDIJTQMBDFEJO UIF |
||||
DVSSJDVMVN USBJOJOH XJUI NFUIPET UP BTTFTT |
PēDFT PG QSJNBSZ DBSF QIZTJDJBOT |
||||
TLJMMT QSPêDJFODZ *OJUJBM DFSUJêDBUJPO TIPVME CF |
1BUJFOUT XJUI EJBCFUFT XIP IBWF OPU CFFO |
||||
DPOTJEFSFE QSPWJTJPOBM GPMMPXFE CZ GVMM DFSUJ |
FWBMVBUFE CZ BO FZF DBSF TQFDJBMJTU JO UIF QBTU |
||||
êDBUJPO CBTFE PO FYQFSJFODF XJUI B TQFDJêFE |
ZFBS BSF JNBHFE XJUI UIF %JHJ4DPQF CZ PēDF |
||||
OVNCFS PG DMJOJDBM FODPVOUFST PWFS B TQFDJêFE |
TUBĒ 0OMZNJOJNBMUSBJOJOHJTSFRVJSFEUPPCUBJO |
||||
QFSJPE PG UJNF -FWFMT PG QSPêDJFODZ TIPVME CF |
IJHIRVBMJUZJNBHFT ѮFEFWJDFDBQUVSFTNVMUJQMF |
||||
EPDVNFOUFE XJUI B GPSNBM RVBMJUZ BTTVSBODF SF |
IJHI DPOUSBTU JNBHFT BOE FTUJNBUFT WJTVBM BDVJUZ |
||||
WJFXPGBTQFDJêFEOVNCFSPGDBTFT $FSUJêDBUJPO |
%BUB JT FODSZQUFE BOE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ USBOTNJUUFE |
||||
TIPVME CF UJNF MJNJUFE SFRVJSJOH SF DFSUJêDB |
PWFSOJHIU UP B DFOUSBM FYQFSU SFBEJOH DFOUFS GPS |
||||
UJPO CBTFE PO TQFDJêFE UJNF QFSJPET UIF OVN |
SFWJFX CZ USBJOFE DFSUJêFE SFBEFST VOEFS UIF EJ |
||||
CFS PG QBUJFOUT BOE QSPêDJFODZ BT NFBTVSFE CZ |
SFDUJPO PG B SFUJOBM TQFDJBMJTU 'JH |
||||
GPSNBM SFWJFXT |
ѮFJNBHFTBSFDBQUVSFEUISPVHIBEJMBUFEQV |
||||
|
*NBHFST BOE SFBEFST TIPVME IBWF POHPJOH |
QJM UP NBYJNJ[F UIF OVNCFS PG HSBEBCMF JNBHFT |
|||
QFSGPSNBODFSFWJFXTCZSBOEPNTBNQMJOHPGJN |
3FGFSSBMJTSFDPNNFOEFEGPSBOZMFWFMPGEJBCFUJD |
||||
BHF RVBMJUZ BOE JNBHF JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT 0VUDPNF |
SFUJOPQBUIZ HSFBUFS UIBO NJDSPBOFVSZTNT POMZ |
||||
BOBMZTFT DBO CF VTFE UP BTTFTT QSPêDJFODZ QSP |
NPEJêFE&5%34MFWFM PSXPSTFSFUJOPQBUIZ |
||||
WJEF PQQPSUVOJUJFT GPS QSPHSBN JNQSPWFNFOU |
" SFQPSU JT SFUVSOFE UP UIF QSJNBSZ DBSF QIZTJ |
||||
JEFOUJGZ UIF OFFE GPS DIBOHFT JO USBJOJOH PS |
DJBO XJUI SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS SFGFSSBM PS SF |
||||
JEFOUJGZ UIF OFFE GPS BEEJUJPOBM USBJOJOH |
JNBHF JO NPOUIT |
|
|
||
|
$POUJOVJOH FEVDBUJPO JT BO JOUFHSBM DPNQP |
" WBMJEBUJPO TUVEZ PG QBUJFOUT XBT QFS |
|||
OFOU PG BOZ RVBMJUZ BTTVSBODF QSPHSBN BOE JT |
GPSNFE BHBJOTU TFWFO êFME TUFSFP QIPUPHSBQIT |
||||
DPOTJEFSFE B GVOEBNFOUBM NFUIPE UP GBDJMJUBUF |
|
|
|
||
DVSSFOU DPNQFUFODZ BOE SFDVSSFOU USBJOJOH |
|
|
|
||
$POUJOVJOH FEVDBUJPO QSPHSBNT EP OPU OFFE UP |
|
|
|
||
GPMMPX B TQFDJêD GPSNBU CVU TIPVME CF HFBSFE UP
BDIJFWF UIF EFTJSFE PVUDPNF XJUI NBYJNBM Fē
DJFODZ BOE FĒFDUJWFOFTT
1SPHSBN &YBNQMFT
" OVNCFS PG UFMFIFBMUI QSPHSBNT IBWF CFFO WBMJEBUFEBHBJOTUUIFHPME TUBOEBSETUFSFPTFWFO êFMEGVOEVTQIPUPHSBQITGPSEFUFDUJPOPGEJBCFUJD
SFUJOPQBUIZ 4FWFSBMPGUIFTFQSPHSBNTIBWFCFFO
JNQMFNFOUFEPOBXJEFTDBMF XJUIMBSHFOVNCFST PG QBUJFOUT XJUI EJBCFUFT JNBHFE UP EBUF 5XP PG UIFTF QSPHSBNT XJMM CF CSJFëZ SFWJFXFE
'JH ѮF %JHJ4DPQF BO *OUFSOFU CBTFE TFNJ BVUP NBUFE GVOEVT DBNFSB JT QMBDFE JO QSJNBSZ DBSF QIZTJ DJBOT PēDFT GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ BTTFTTNFOU
|
|
* & ;JNNFS (BMMFS |
|
|
SFJNCVSTFNFOU JTTVFT SFNBJO B NBKPS IVSEMF UP
TVDDFTTGVM JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG UIFTF QSPHSBNT
|
+PTMJO7JTJPO /FUXPSL |
|
BOE 0UIFS 1SPHSBNT |
'JH 3FBEJOH DFOUFS GPS FWBMVBUJPO PG %JHJ4DPQF JNBHFT CZ USBJOFE DFSUJêFE SFBEFST XJUI SFUJOB TQFDJBMJTU TVQFSWJTJPO
< > "HSFFNFOU CBTFE PO UIF BCJMJUZ PG UIF %JHJ 4DPQFUPJEFOUJGZQBUJFOUTXJUIEJBCFUJDSFUJOPQB
UIZ HSFBUFS UIBO NJOJNBM OPO QSPMJGFSBUJWF EJT FBTF XBT WFSZ HPPE , TFOTJUJWJUZ
BOE TQFDJêDJUZ < > 5P EBUF NPSF UIBOQBUJFOUT XJUI EJBCFUFT IBWF CFFO JNBHFE
XJUI UIF %JHJ4DPQF TZTUFN
&ZF5FM *NBHJOH
ѮF&ZF5FM*NBHJOH *OD CVTJOFTTNPEFMJTCBTFE
PO QMBDFNFOU PG UIF %JHJ4DPQF JO UIF PēDFT PG QSJNBSZ DBSF QIZTJDJBOT GPS POMZ B OPNJOBM TFU
VQ GFF BOE NPOUIMZ NBJOUFOBODF GFF *NBHJOH
GFFT BSF CBTFE PO UIF TUBOEBSE DIBSHF GPS GVOEVT QIPUPHSBQIZ XJUI JOUFSQSFUBUJPO 3FJNCVSTF
NFOU JT TIBSFE CFUXFFO &ZF5FM *NBHJOH *OD BOE UIF QSJNBSZ DBSF QIZTJDJBO XIP QSPWJEFT
UIF PēDF TQBDF BOE TUBĒ GPS UIF JNBHJOH QSPDF EVSF 3FJNCVSTFNFOU IBT CFFO TVDDFTTGVM CVU
EFQFOET PO BHSFFNFOUT OFHPUJBUFE CZ &ZF5FM *NBHJOH *OD XJUI JOEJWJEVBM IFBMUI JOTVSBODFT JODMVEJOH .FEJDBSF BOE IFBMUI NBJOUFOBODF PSHBOJ[BUJPOT ).0T " TUBOEBSE OBUJPOBM SF JNCVSTFNFOU QPMJDZ GPS EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ BT
TFTTNFOU QSPHSBNT JT OPU JO QMBDF JO UIF 64 BOE
ѮF +PTMJO 7JTJPO /FUXPSL IBT B EJBCFUJD SFUJ OPQBUIZ BTTFTTNFOU QSPHSBN WBMJEBUFE BU B $BU FHPSZ MFWFM < > ѮJTTZTUFNDBO CF VTFEUP EF
UFSNJOF UIF DMJOJDBM MFWFM PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ
UJNJOHPGUIFOFYUBQQSPQSJBUFSFUJOBMFWBMVBUJPO
BOE OFDFTTJUZ PG SFGFSSBM UP BO PQIUIBMNPMPHJTU
ѮF +PTMJO TZTUFN VUJMJ[FT B DPNNFSDJBMMZ BWBJM
BCMF OPO NZESJBUJD GVOEVT DBNFSB PQUJNJ[FE GPS MPX MJHIU MFWFM SFUJOBM JNBHJOH XJUI SFNPUF
JNBHF DBQUVSF DBQBCJMJUZ BOE TVCTFRVFOU USBOT
NJTTJPO PG EBUB UP B DFOUSBM SFBEJOH DFOUFS GPS JOUFSQSFUBUJPO
"WBMJEBUJPOTUVEZPG QBUJFOUTXJUIEJBCFUFT
EFNPOTUSBUFE TVCTUBOUJBM BHSFFNFOU ʋ
CFUXFFO UIF DMJOJDBM MFWFM PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQB UIZ BTTFTTFE GSPN +PTMJO 7JTJPO /FUXPSL JNBHFT DPNQBSFEUPTFWFO êFMETUFSFPQIPUPHSBQIT< > "HSFFNFOU XBT FYDFMMFOU ʋ GPS SFDPN
NFOEFE SFGFSSBM UP BO PQIUIBMNPMPHJTU < >
ѮF +PTMJO %JBCFUFT &ZF )FBMUI $BSF .PEFM
JT B QSPHSBN UP GBDJMJUBUF EJBCFUFT NBOBHFNFOU
BOE QSPWJEF RVBMJUZ FZF DBSF GPS BMM QFPQMF XJUI EJBCFUFT ѮF QSPHSBN JT EFTJHOFE UP BTTFTT UIF SFUJOB BOE EJBHOPTF UIF MFWFM PG EJBCFUJD SFUJ OPQBUIZ JO QBUJFOUT XJUI EJBCFUFT FWFSZ ZFBS UP FOTVSF UJNFMZ USFBUNFOU BT JOEJDBUFE XIJMF BMTP NBOBHJOH EJBCFUFT NFEJDBMMZ BOE XBSFIPVTJOH EBUB BU UIF +PTMJO %JBCFUFT $FOUFS GPS FEVDB
UJPO BOE QPQVMBUJPO CBTFE BOE DMJOJDBM PVUDPNF
TUVEJFT ѮF +PTMJO 7JTJPO /FUXPSL UFMFNFEJDJOF JOJUJBUJWF QSPWJEFT B UFDIOPMPHZ QMBUGPSN GPS GB
DJMJUBUJOH USFBUNFOU BOE NBOBHFNFOU PG EJBCFUJD
SFUJOPQBUIZ ѮF +PTMJO 7JTJPO /FUXPSL EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZBTTFTTNFOUQSPHSBNIBTCFFOJNQMF NFOUFE JO OVNFSPVT MPDBUJPOT BDSPTT UIF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT
0UIFS FYBNQMFT PG EJBCFUJD SFUJOPQBUIZ QSP HSBNT XJUI $BUFHPSZ WBMJEBUJPO JODMVEF *OP WFPOT %JBCFUJD 3FUJOPQBUIZ %5 4ZTUFN < >
BOE UIF OPSUIFSO "MCFSUB DPNNVOJUZ QSPHSBN
< > #PUI PG UIFTF TZTUFNT BSF EFTDSJCFE JO HSFBUFS EFUBJM JO PUIFS DIBQUFST JO UIJT CPPL