Step by Step LASIK Surgery

© 2003 Rasik B Vajpayee, Namrata Sharma, Samir A Melki, Laurence Sullivan

First published in India in 2003 by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India. EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India Phones:

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First published in the United Kingdom by Taylor & Francis, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group in 2004. Exclusively distributed worldwide (excluding the Indian Subcontinent) by Martin Dunitz, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group.

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To My wife Madhu and children Mihika and Shubhankar

—Rasik B Vajpayee

To My Patients

—Namrata Sharma

To Rania, Philip and Alexander, My teachers at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, My wonderful staff at the Boston Cornea Center

—Samir AMelki

To My wife Lara and children Veronica and Darcy

—Laurence Sullivan

Contributors

Amar Agarwal MS, FRCS, FRCOphth

Director, Dr. Agarwal’s group of Eye Hospitals Chennai, India

Athiya Agarwal MD, FRSH, DO

Director, Dr. Agarwal’s group of Eye Hospitals Chennai, India

Sunita Agarwal MS, FSVH, DO

Director, Dr. Agarwal’s group of Eye Hospitals Chennai, India

Tushar Agarwal MD

Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Rakesh Ahuja MD

Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Kent L Anderson MD Ph D

Center for Eye Research Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne

The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Ioannis M Aslanides MD, PhD, MBA Assistant Professor

Weil-Cornell Medical College, New York Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete University of Crete, School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Heraklion, Greece

Guillermo Avalos-Urzua MD

Chief, Department of Ophthalmology Hospital Sagrado Corazon

Medical Director Clinica Laser Oftalmico Guadalajara, Mexico

Dimitri T Azar MD

Corneal and Refractive Surgery Service

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Schepens Eye Research Institute Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Ravindra R Battu MS Fellow, Ocular Motility

The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Ophthalmology

St. John’s Medical College and Hospital Bangalore, India

Prashant Bhartiya MD

Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Puwat Charukamnoetkanok MD Corneal and Refractive Surgery Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Schepens Eye Research Institute Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Deepinder K Dhaliwal MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine The Eye and Ear Institute

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Eric D Donnenfeld MD

Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island Rockville Centre, New York, USA

Howard V Gimbel MD

Gimbel Eye Centre Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Professor and Chairman, Dept of Ophthalmology Loma Linda University, California

Clinical Professor, Dept. of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco

Sandeep Jain MD

Corneal and Refractive Surgery Service

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Schepens Eye Research Institute Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Elias Jarade MD

Corneal and Refractive Surgery Service

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary

Schepens Eye Research Institute

Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Joel Javier MD

Corneal and Refractive Surgery Service

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary,

Schepens Eye Research Institute

Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Bilal F Khan MD

Resident

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Aghlab N Khoury MD

Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete

University of Crete, School of Medicine

Department of Ophthalmology

Heraklion, Greece

St. John Ophthalmic Hospital

Jerusalem Medical School, Jerusalem

George A Kounis BS

Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete

University of Crete, School of Medicine

Department of Ophthalmology

Heraklion

Greece

Lionel M Kowal FRANZCO

Director, Ocular Motility Clinic

The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital

East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Senior Fellow

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Melbourne

Parkville, Victoria

Australia

George D Kymionis MD, PhD,

Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete

University of Crete, School of Medicine

Department of Ophthalmology

Heraklion, Greece

Michael S Loughnan MBBS (Hons), PhD, FRANZCO

Senior Staff Specialist

Corneal Clinic

Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne, Australia

Samir A Melki MD PhD Director, Boston Cornea Center

Clinical Instructor, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Anh Nguyen MD

Fellow, Cornea and refractive surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Hailton Oliveira MD

Corneal and Refractive Surgery Service

Massachusetts, Eye and Ear Infirmary Schepens Eye Research Institute Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Ioannis G Pallikaris MD PhD Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete University of Crete, School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Heraklion, Greece

Mayank S Pangtey MD

Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

EE Anderson Penno MD

Gimbel Eye Centre Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Sotiris Plainis PhD

Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete University of Crete, School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Heraklion, Greece

Balasubramanya R MD

Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Alka Rani MD

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Elankumaran S MD

Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences

All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India

Ramin Salouti MD

Center for Eye Research Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne

The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, Victoria

Australia

Namrata Sharma MD Clinical Assistant Professor

Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Rajesh Sinha MD

Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Renée Solomon MD

Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island Rockville Centre

New York

Mittanamalli S Sridhar MD Cornea Center

LV Prasad Eye Institute Hyderabad, India

Laurence Sullivan MBBS, FRANZCO Corneal Clinic

Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital

East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Gerard L Sutton MB, BS, FRACO, FRACS

Clinical Lecturer

The Sydney Eye Hospital and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia

The Eye Institute

Chatswood, New South Wales, Australia

Hugh R Taylor AC, MD

Center for Eye Research Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne

The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Jeewan S Titiyal MD Clinical Associate Professor

Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Patrick Titzé MD

Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete University of Crete, School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Heraklion, Greece

Jules Gonin Hospital

University of Lausanne

Department of Ophthalmology, Switzerland

Rasik B Vajpayee MBBS, MS Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology,

Head, Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

M Vanathi MD

Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India