Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Scanning Laser Imaging of the Retina Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications_Theelen_2011
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Scanning Laser Imaging
of the Retina
Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications
Thomas Theelen
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COVER IMAGE
Fundus autofluorescence dynamics by photopigment bleaching. During recording of shortwavelength fundus autofluorescence on a dark-adapted, healthy eye a continuous increase of the autofluorescence signal can be observed. More photons pass the light-adapted retina than the dark-adapted retina. Consequently, an increasing number of fluorophores of the retinal pigment epithelium are excited during bleaching and a stronger signal is observed. Therefore, fundus autofluorescence should always be measured on the bleached retina so that reliable fluorescence signal intensities are obtained.
Printing of this thesis was supported by Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany.
Printed by QuickPrint, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
ISBN 978-90-9025843-0
© 2011, Thomas Theelen
All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission by the copyright holder.
Copyright exceptions:
All versions of the ImageJ software supplied on the CD (author: Wayne Rasband) are in the public domain. The ImageJ user manual (authors: Tiago A. Ferreira and Wayne Rasband) is a free content publication.
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Scanning Laser Imaging
of the Retina
Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications
een wetenschappelijke proeve
op het gebied van de Medische Wetenschappen
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. mr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann volgens besluit van het college van decanen
in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 1 juli 2011 om 13.00 uur precies
door
Thomas Theelen
geboren op 29 juni 1967 te Aken, Duitsland
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Promotoren
Prof. dr. C.B. Hoyng
Prof. dr. J.E.E. Keunen
Copromotor
Dr. B.J. Klevering
Manuscriptcommissie
Prof. dr. C.J.J. Tack (voorzitter) Prof. dr. G. Fernández
Prof. dr. W.M. Prokop
Prof. dr. R.T. Smith (Columbia University, New York City, VS) Prof. dr. G. Staurenghi (Università degli Studi di Milano, Italië)
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To my beloved family
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CONTENTS |
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List of abbreviations |
9 |
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Preface |
|
11 |
|
Chapter 1 – General introduction |
13 |
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Chapter 2 |
– Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy |
23 |
|
Chapter 3 |
– Digital processing of retinal images |
33 |
|
Chapter 4 |
– Near infrared reflectance imaging |
49 |
|
4.1 |
Near infrared reflectance imaging in choroidal neovascularization |
55 |
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4.2Near-infrared reflectance imaging of neovascular age-related macular
|
degeneration |
75 |
Chapter 5 – Fundus autofluorescence imaging |
91 |
|
5.1 |
Analysis of visual pigment by fundus autofluorescence |
103 |
5.2 |
Patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome lack macular pigment |
119 |
5.3 |
Fundus autofluorescence imaging of retinal dystrophies |
131 |
5.4Fundus autofluorescence in patients with inherited retinal diseases -
Patterns of fluorescence at two different wavelengths |
147 |
|
Chapter 6 |
– Atlas of retinal scanning laser imaging |
163 |
Chapter 7 |
– General discussion |
205 |
Chapter 8 |
|
213 |
Summary |
|
215 |
Samenvatting |
217 |
|
Inhaltsangabe |
219 |
|
Publications of the author |
221 |
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Curriculum vitae |
227 |
|
Dankwoord |
229 |
|
Color images |
233 |
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A2E |
N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine |
ABCA4 |
ATP-binding cassette transporter A4 (gene) |
AFVD |
adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy |
AMD |
age-related macular degeneration |
AO |
adaptive optics |
Apo-E |
apolipoprotein-E |
AVI |
audio video interleave (file format for videos) |
BEST1 |
bestrophin-1 (gene) |
BMP |
bitmap file format (for images) |
BVMD |
Best vitelliform macular dystrophy |
CACD |
central areolar choroidal dystrophy |
CNV |
choroidal neovascularization |
COL |
collagen |
cSLO |
confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope |
FA |
fluorescein angiography |
FAD |
flavin adenine dinucleotide |
FAF |
fundus autofluorescence |
FAF488 |
fundus autofluorescence excited at 488 nm (blue) |
FAF787 |
fundus autofluorescence excited at 787 nm (near-infrared) |
FALDH |
fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase |
FF |
fluorophore |
FFA |
fundus fluorescein angiography |
GCL |
ganglion cell layer |
HRA |
Heidelberg Retina Angiograph |
ICGA |
indocyanine green angiography |
INL |
inner nuclear layer |
IPCV |
idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy |
IPL |
inner plexiform layer |
JPEG |
joint photographic experts group (file format for images) |
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JRE |
Java runtime environment |
LF |
lipofuscin |
MIDD |
maternally inherited diabetes and deafness |
MLF |
melanolipofuscin |
MP |
macular pigment |
MPD |
multifocal pattern dystrophy simulating Stargardt disease / fundus flavimaculatus |
MPOD |
macular pigment optical density |
MPR |
macular pigment reflectometer |
NFL |
nerve fiber layer |
NIR |
near-infrared reflectance |
NIR-FAF |
fundus autofluorescence excited in the near infrared (787 nm) |
OCT |
optical coherence tomography |
ONL |
outer nuclear layer |
OPL |
outer plexiform layer |
PR |
photoreceptors |
RAP |
retinal angiomatous proliferation |
RDS |
retinal degeneration slow (gene) |
RGB |
red-green-blue (color channels of an image) |
ROI |
region of interest |
RPE |
retinal pigment epithelium |
SLO |
scanning laser ophthalmoscope |
SLS |
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome |
STGD1 |
autosomal recessive Stargardt disease |
SW-FAF |
fundus autofluorescence excited at short wavelength (488 nm, blue) |
TIFF |
tagged image file format |
VA |
visual acuity |
VEGF |
vascular endothelial growth factor |
VMD2 |
vitelliform macular dystrophy 2 (gene) |
