Index

Index

Index

Index

eclipse, 570–1 electrical, 280–1 thermal, 295–7

C

C-reactive protein (CRP), giant cell arteritis, 178, 179, 582, 590

C-section and ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis, 348

C1 esterase deficiency, 159 calcifications

cerebral, secondary, 197 corneal and conjunctival, 337–8

canalicular stenosis, 535, 536 canaliculitis, 538, 539, 540 cancer see malignancy candidiasis, 58–61

endophthalmitis, 59, 60, 474, 475, 476, 477 canine tooth syndrome, 430

canthal sling procedure, involutional ectropion, 438–9

cantholysis entropion, 440 hemorrhage, 606

canthotomy diphtheria, 24 hemorrhage, 606

capillary hemangioma, 232–4 capsular glaucoma, 480–1, 511 capsule (lens)

anterior, contraction, 550, 551

posterior, opacification see posterior capsule opacification

capsulectomy, congenital cataract, 554 capsulorhexis, congenital cataract, 554 capsulotomy, 551

children, 554 complications, 552

carbamazepine side-effects, 226

trigeminal neuralgia, 226, 227 carbogen, retinal arterial occlusion, 618

carbohydrate metabolism, disorders of, 127–41 carbon dioxide laser

basal cell carcinoma, 231 xanthelasma, 465

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), 506 cystoid macular edema, 566

idiopathic intracranial hypertension, 218, 219 juvenile glaucoma, 493

open-angle glaucoma, 506

combined with alpha-agonists, 506 papilledema, 587

side-effects, 219, 493, 506 carcinoma

adenoid cystic, 543 basal cell, 230–2 Merkel cell, 268–70 metastatic, 257 sebaceous gland, 272–3

squamous cell see squamous cell carcinoma cardiac failure, congestive, complicating facial

hemangioma, 233

cardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus, 176, 177

cardiovascular disorders, 147–51

in pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 166, 167 carotid—cavernous fistula, 147–8

glaucoma risk, 485 surgery, 148, 485

carotid occlusive disease, iris rubeosis, 531 carrier detection, disease, 629–30 cat-scratch disease, 17–20

cataracts (lens opacities), 549–50 atopic dermatitis, 153

cerebral palsy, 206 children

congenital see subheading below traumatic, 553, 561–2

classification, 549 Cogan syndrome, 165

congenital/infantile, 553–5 oculocerebrorenal syndrome, 124 rubella, 76

surgery, see subheading below

Down syndrome, 188 electricity-caused, 280–1 Fabry disease, 143

galactosemia, vs other causes, 130 inflammatory bowel disease, 120

mature and hypermature, lens protein leakage in setting of, 496

surgery, 549 complications, 549–52

in Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, 523 traumatic cataract, 561

vitrectomy at time of, 668

surgery, children (for congenital cataract), 554–5 glaucoma risk, 523, 555

traumatic see trauma uveitic glaucoma, 484 see also after-cataract

cavernous sinus

fistula between carotid artery and see carotid— cavernous fistula

thrombosis, orbital cellulitis/abscess vs, 602 in Tolosa—Hunt syndrome, 224, 225

cavernous sinus syndrome vs sixth nerve palsy, 400 CD25 as therapeutic target in scleritis, 655 ceftazidime

endophthalmitis, 472 neuroparalytic keratitis, 385

ceftriaxone

gonorrhea, neonates, 33

Neisseria gonorrhoea, 32 Salmonella typhi, 94 syphilis, 5

cellophane maculopathy, 567–9 cellulitis

orbital see orbit

periorbital, Haemophilus influenzae, 35 preseptal see preseptal cellulitis

central nervous system see neurologic disorders; neurologic involvement

central retinal artery occlusion see retinal arteries central retinal vein occlusion, 566, 611, 635, 636 central serous retinopathy, 619

centromere antibodies in scleroderma, 175 cenurosis (coenurosis), 104

cephalalgia see headache cephalosporins

neuroparalytic keratitis, 385

Proteus, 67 Staphylococcus, 80

cerebral palsy, 205–7

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination/evaluation Creutzveldt—Jakob disease, 211

multiple sclerosis, 220 optic neuritis, 584

pseudotumor cerebri, 217–18

Cesarean section and ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis, 348

chalcosis, 284 chancre, 3

chemical burns, 275–9 chemotherapy

carcinoma

basal cell, 231 Merkel cell, 269 squamous cell, 274

Ewing sarcoma, 239

glaucoma-associated intraocular tumors, 488 glioma of optic nerve, 263

Hodgkin disease, 242, 243 Kaposi sarcoma, 245–6 liposarcoma, 249 lymphoid tumors

intraocular, 254 ocular adnexae, 253

metastases, 258 neurilemoma, 260 neuroblastoma, 262 papilloma, 267 retinoblastoma, 271 rhabdomyosarcoma, 265 toxicity, 243

cherry-red spot, 618 chickenpox (varicella), 94–6 children

capillary hemangioma, 233 cataract see cataract cerebral palsy, 205–7

esotropia onset and epidemiology accommodative, 401

acquired nonaccommodative, 403 congenital, 408

exotropia onset, 405 gonorrhea, 30, 32–3 mumps, 55, 56

orbital cellulitis and abscess, 601, 602 posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy

differentiated from other conditions, 390 retinoblastoma, 270–1

small round blue cell tumors, 239

superior oblique palsy signs and symptoms, 429 syphilis, 5, 6

trachoma prevention, 89 trauma

foreign body, 285 nonaccidental, 294–5

traumatic hyphema, 313, 314

see also adolescents; infants; neonates and entries under congenital; juvenile

Chlamydia, 38–9, 86–9

C. pneumoniae, 38, 39 C. psittaci, 38, 39

C. trachomatis, 38, 39, 86–9

C.trachomatis ophthalmia neonatorum, 30, 38, 347 simultaneous infection with N. gonorrhoea, 33

chloramphenicol adverse effects, 98

Salmonella typhi, 93 yersiniosis, 97

chloroquine

adverse effects, 173 sarcoidosis, 173

systemic lupus erythematosus, 177 chlorthalidone

Cogan syndrome, 165 side-effects, 165

Index

Index

adenovirus (in cell cultures), 25, 63 in bacterial conjunctivitis, 333

and blepharitis, 435

in bacterial corneal ulceration, 355–6 in bacterial endophthalmitis, 470 fungal, 475

Candida, 60 Haemophilus influenzae, 35 Leptospira, 46

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 90 Neisseria gonorrhoea, 31–2 Nocardia, 58

Propionibacterium acnes, 66 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 69 Salmonella typhi, 93

cutaneous disorders see skin disorders cyanoacrylate glues

acid burns, 276 blebs, 340

cyclic nucleotides and neuroparalytic keratitis, 385 cyclitis, 529

glaucoma associated with, 489–90 hypotony associated with, 502–3 see also iridocyclitis

cyclodestructive treatments (incl. cyclocryotherapy) iris rubeosis, 532

juvenile glaucoma, 494 open-angle glaucoma, 507–8 Sturge—Weber syndrome, 198

cyclodialysis clefts, 503, 520–1

cyclooxygenase inhibitors see non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs

cyclophosphamide

Cogan syndrome, 165, 165–6, 166 multiple sclerosis, 220

orbital inflammatory syndromes, 598–9 relapsing polychondritis, 168 side-effects, 165–6, 184

systemic lupus erythematosus, 177 Wegener’s granulomatosis, 184

cycloplegic agents acid burns, 275 esotropia, 417

accommodative, 403 foreign bodies, 286 hypotony, 503

malignant glaucoma, 500 pneumococcus, 65

postoperative pupillary block, 310 uveitis, 533

HLA-associated, 574 cyclosporin see ciclosporin Cyprus fever, 16–17 cyst(s), 357–9

ciliary body, 513 Cogan’s, 369 conjunctival, 357–9 corneal, 357–9

cysticercosis, 105–6, 107, 107–8 dermoid, 237–9

epithelial, anterior chamber, 308–9 hydatid, 109–10

iris, 513, 526–7 retinal macrocyst, 610 scleral, 357–9

Tenon’s capsule, 340–1

cystic eye vs anophthalmos, congenital, 468 cysticercosis, 104–8

cystoid degeneration, peripheral retinal, 627, 628

cystoid macular edema, 552, 565–7

cytokines and posterior capsule opacification, 550 cytomegalovirus (CMV) in AIDS, 7, 8

D

dacryoadenitis, 537–8 dacryocele, 539 dacryocystitis

congenital, 535, 538–40

Streptococcus, 84

S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus), 65 tuberculosis, 90

dacryocystocele, 535, 536 dacryocystogram, complications, 539 dacryocystorhinostomy, 536, 539, 540

complications, 540

conjunctival see conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy dacryolith, 538, 539

dapsone, leprosy, 43

death rates see mortality rates decompensated exophoria, 405–6 decompression

facial nerve, in hemifacial spasm, 444 microsurgical see microsurgical decompression optic nerve see optic nerve

orbital

in Graves’ disease, 604 in hemorrhage, 606–7

deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty edema, 363

Fuchs’ corneal dystrophy, 372 degeneration

age-related macular see age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

furrow see furrow dystrophy/degeneration pellucid marginal, 386–8

reticular chorioretinal pigmentary, 627, 628 Terrien’s marginal see Terrien’s marginal

degeneration vitreoretinal, 627–9

degenerative retinoschisis, 609–11, 628 dehydration (technique)

corneal, 363 vitreous, 310, 311

dellen, Fuchs’, 473–4 demodicosis, 108–9

demyelinating poly(radiculo)neuropathies, acquired inflammatory see inflammatory demyelinating poly(radiculo)neuropathies

dendritic keratitis, herpetic, 26

dermal fat graft with orbital implant extrusion, 294 dermal melanocyte lesions, 456

dermatitis (eczema) atopic, 153–4 contact, 154–5

dermatochalasis, 433, 458 surgery, 458–9

dermatologic disorders see skin disorders dermatophytosis, 21–2

dermoid cyst, 237–9 Descemet’s membrane

breaks/folds, 362 detachment, 367–8

Devic disease (neuromyelitis optica), 579, 580 diabetes mellitus, 127

iris rubeosis, 531

retinopathy, 127, 127–8, 128, 129 branch retinal vein occlusion vs, 614 cystoid macular edema and, 565 vitreous hemorrhage in, 666, 666–7

dietary management (incl. nutritional supplements) age-related macular degeneration, 564 choroidal (subretinal) neovascularization, 641 galactosemia, 130

gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina, 626 hyperlipidemia, 145

Refsum disease, 629 retinitis pigmentosa, 637 see also nutritional disorders

diethylcarbamazine, toxocariasis, 111 diffuse anterior scleritis, 654

diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis see neuroretinitis

digital subtraction angiography, carotid—cavernous fistula, 147

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, toxoplasmosis, 114 diktyoma, 255

dimeticone, pediculosis and phthiriasis, 112 diphtheria, 23–4

diplopia

giant cell arteritis, 582 multiple sclerosis, 220

orbital blow-out fracture, 596, 597 superior oblique palsy, 429

direct fluorescent antibody assay, adenovirus, 25 disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

multiple sclerosis, 220–1 rheumatoid arthritis, 170

dislocation

intraocular lens, 552 lens see lens

dissociated horizontal deviation (DHD), 412, 413 dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), 412–13

A-pattern exotropia with superior oblique overaction and, 399

distichiasis, 435–6

distraction test, ectropion, 437 diuretics, Cogan syndrome, 165 divergence insufficiency, 518 DNA analysis see molecular tests

docosahexaenoic acid, retinitis pigmentosa, 637 dog tapeworm, 104

dopamine agonists, Parkinson disease, 224 Doppler, laser, basal cell carcinoma, 231 dorzolamide

cystoid macular edema, 565 juvenile glaucoma, 493 open-angle glaucoma, 506

with dorzolamide, 506 retinitis pigmentosa, 638

double vision see diplopia Down syndrome, 187–9 downbeat nystagmus, 424 doxycycline

brucellosis, 17 rosacea, 156

seborrheic blepharitis, 462 syphilis, 4

drainage, subretinal fluid see subretinal space drainage tubes, implanted see tube-drainage implants drug-induced disorders see toxic chemical and drug-

induced conditions drug therapy

allergic conjunctivitis, 331 cancer see chemotherapy capillary hemangioma, 233 cerebral palsy, 206, 206–7 ciliary body trauma, 520 cluster therapy, 210 connective tissue disorders

Index

Index

amyloidosis, 162 Behçet disease, 163

Cogan syndrome, 164–5, 165–6 giant cell arteritis, 178–80, 582, 590 relapsing polychondritis, 168 rheumatoid arthritis, 170–1 sarcoidosis, 172–3

scleroderma, 175

systemic lupus erythematosus, 177 Wegener’s granulomatosis, 194

dermatitis atopic, 153 contact, 154

diabetes, 128 episcleritis, 651–2 esotropia

accommodative, 402

high accommodative convergence-to- accommodation ratio, 418

eyelid disorders

blepharospasm (benign essential), 443 hemifacial spasm, 443

lid retraction, 451 myokymia, 449

functional amblyopia, 214, 215 giant papillary conjunctivitis, 344 glaucoma

angle-recession, 482 closed-angle, 514 cyclitic, 489 exfoliative/capsular, 481 juvenile, 492–3 malignant, 500 normal-tension, 498 open-angle, 505–7, 508 pigmentary, 511 primary congenital, 490 steroid-induced, 480

in Sturge—Weber syndrome, 197, 198 uveitic, 483

see also antiglaucoma drugs HLA-associated uveitis, 574 hyperlipidemia, 145

hypotony, 503

infections and infestations see anthelmintic agents; antibiotics; antifungal agents; antiprotozoal agents; antiviral agents

inflammatory bowel disease, 120 inflammatory demyelinating

polyradiculoneuropathies acute, 202

chronic, 201, 202–3 iris prolapse, 529

iris rubeosis, 531

keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Sjögren syndrome, 377

lens conditions

cataract (congenital), 554 dislocation, 556

lens-induced glaucoma, 495, 496, 497 microspherosphakia, 560

macular disorders

age-related macular degeneration, 564 cystoid macular edema, 566

mucosal plaques (corneal), 364, 365 multiple sclerosis, 220–1 myasthenia gravis, 223 neovascularization (corneal), 366 neuroparalytic keratitis, 385 nystagmus, 425–6

ocular hypertension without glaucomatous optic neuropathy, 501

optic nerve conditions

compressive optic neuropathy, 575 inflammatory neuropathy, 579, 580 optic neuritis, 584–5

papilledema, 587

traumatic neuropathy, 588, 600–1 orbital disorders

Graves’ disease, 603

inflammatory syndromes, 252, 598–9 Parkinson disease, 224

pars planitis, 529–30 phlyctenulosis, 389

pigmentary dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma, 511

pseudotumor cerebri, 217, 218 psoriasis, 158

retinal conditions

birdshot chorioretinopathy, 648 branch retinal vein occlusion, 614–15 necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, 612 retinal arterial occlusion, 618

retinitis pigmentosa, 637, 638 retinopathy of prematurity, 639, 640 subretinal neovascularization, 641

white dot syndromes see subheading below scleral dehiscences or staphylomas, 652 scleritis, 655–6

scleromalacia perforans, 657 superior rectus myokymia, 428

Theodore’s superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, 395

Thygeson’s superficial punctate keratopathy, 398 Tolosa—Hunt syndrome, 225

trauma

acid burns, 275–6

corneal injury, 359, 360, 361 foreign bodies, 286

traumatic hyphema, 313 trigeminal neuralgia, 226, 226–7 tyrosinemia II, 126

uveitis, 533, 534 HLA-associated, 574

uveoparotitis, 546, 547 vernal conjunctivitis, 352 vitreous wick syndrome, 667

Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada syndrome Tolosa—Hunt syndrome, 304, 305

white dot syndromes, 650 birdshot chorioretinopathy, 648

see also specific (types of) drugs dry eyes (xerophthalmia), 545

erythema multiforme major, 155 inflammatory bowel disease, 120

Theodore’s superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, 395

vitamin A deficiency, 121

see also keratoconjunctivitis sicca; tears, hyposecretion

Duane (retraction) syndrome, 413–16 differential diagnosis, 415

congenital esotropia, 409

sixth nerve palsy, 400, 415, 416 dural shunt syndrome, 147–8 Dyke—Davidoff—Masson syndrome, 197 dysesthesia, blebs, 339, 340

dyslexia, 212–13 dyslipidemia, 144–5, 464, 637 dysmetria, ocular, 425

dysostosis multiplex mucopolysaccharidosis type IH, 131 mucopolysaccharidosis type IH/S, 133

dysplastic nevus, 456

dysthyroid eye disease see thyroid eye disease

E

Eales’ disease, 623–4 EBV, 39–41 echinococcosis, 109–10

eclipse burn/blindness, 570–1 ectopia

lacrimal duct, 536 lens see lens

ectropion, 437–9 Bell’s palsy, 204

eczema see dermatitis edema

angioneurotic, 159 corneal, 362–3

herpes zoster, 95 macular

in branch retinal vein occlusion, 614, 615, 635–6

cystoid, 552, 565–7 diabetes, 127

optic disk see optic disk

orbital, in urticaria and hereditary angioedema, 159

edetate sodium, band keratopathy, 338 edrophonium test, myasthenia gravis, 222 EDTA, band keratopathy, 338

EEG (electroencephalography), Creutzveldt—Jakob disease, 211

electrical injury, 280–1

electrodesiccation and curettage, basal cell carcinoma, 231

electroencephalography, Creutzveldt—Jakob disease, 211

electromyography

Marcus Gunn syndrome, 453 single-fiber, myasthenia gravis, 222

electron microscopy, leiomyoma, 248 electroretinogram

diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, 623 retinal arterial occlusion, 618

retinal detachment, 631 ELISA, toxocariasis, 111

Ellman Surgitron, trichiasis, 463

emboli, retinal artery-occluding, 616, 617 embolization therapy, carotid—cavernous fistula,

148

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, 265 EMG see electromyography encapsulated bleb, 340–1

encephalitis, granulomatous, Acanthamoeba, 99 encephalomyelitis, post-infectious/post-immunization,

579 encephalopathies

perinatal, 205–7

subacute spongiform, 211–12

encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis see Sturge—Weber syndrome

end-position nystagmus, 423

endophthalmitis, 59, 60, 468–77, 474, 475, 476 aseptic, 471

bacterial, 468–74

Acinetobacter, 1, 2

acute postoperative, 471, 472

Bacillus, 13, 14

Index

Index

lag, 449

malignant lesions, 230–2, 268, 269, 272–4, 456–7

melanocytic lesions, 455–8 myokymia, 448–9

premalignant lesions, 229–30, 456–7 retraction, 449–52

thyroid disease, 449, 604 splitting procedures

distichiasis, 436, 437 trichiasis, 464

trauma, 441–3

see also entries under blephar-

F

Fabry disease, 143–4

facial cleanliness and C. trachomatis, 89 facial movement disorders, 443–4

facial nerve

decompression in hemifacial spasm, 444 paralysis/palsy

idiopathic, 203–5 lagophthalmos in, 448

famciclovir, necrotizing herpetic retinopathy (VZV and HSV), 612

familial amyloid polyneuropathy (lattice corneal dystrophy type II), 380

familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, 659–60 fat

dermal, graft with orbital implant extrusion, 294 orbital, herniation/prolapse (adipose palpebral bags;

baggy lids), 458–9 Graves’ disease, 604

Ferguson—Smith-type keratoacanthoma fetal vasculature, persistent, 660–2 fibrinolysis

inhibitors of, traumatic hyphema, 313

in ligneous conjunctivitis etiology, 345, 346 in retinal arterial occlusion therapy, 618–19

fibrosarcoma, 240–1 fibrosis

extraocular muscle, congenital, 410–11 preretinal macular/epiretinal, 567–9 progressive subretinal, and uveitis, 646–7

filamentary keratitis, 364, 371–2 filtering/filtration surgery see trabeculectomy Fisher syndrome, 202

fistula, carotid—cavernous see carotid—cavernous fistula

floppy lid syndrome, 433, 444–6 fluconazole

blastomycosis, 15 candidiasis, 60

endophthalmitis (in general), 476 flucytosine, endophthalmitis, 476 fluorescein angiography

age-related macular degeneration, 564 angioid streaks, 315

branch retinal vein occlusion, 614

choroidal (subretinal) neovascularization, 641 choroidal ruptures, 321

Eales’ disease, 624 glaucoma-associated tumors, 487 multifocal choroiditis and uveitis, 646 retinal arterial occlusion, 618

retinal detachment, 631 scleritis, 654

Sturge—Weber syndrome, 196 uveal melanoma, 325

white dot syndromes, 643

fluoroquinolones corneal ulcers, 356 endophthalmitis, 472 gonorrhea, 32

Proteus, 68

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 69

Staphylococcus (methicillin-resistant), 80 5-fluorouracil

blebs and, 338, 341

intraocular pressure control in Sturge—Weber syndrome, 198

squamous cell carcinoma, 274

folate antagonists (dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors), toxoplasmosis, 114

foreign body, intraocular (IOFB), 281–2, 282–3, 283–9 copper, 283–5

nonmetallic chemically inert, 285–8 steel or iron, 288–91

foscarnet, CMV, 8 Foster modification

Duane’s retraction syndrome, 416 lacerations of extraocular muscles, 419

foveomacular retinitis, 570–1 fracture

optic foramen, 599–601 orbital, 594–7

enophthalmos due to, 593, 594, 597 external, 594–6

internal (blow-out) see blow-out fracture therapeutic, for decompression in orbital

hemorrhage, 607 paranasal sinus, 279 zygoma, 594, 594–5, 595

freckle

common (ephelis), 455, 456 Hutchinson’s, 457

frontal sinus lesions, 259 frontalis

advancement flap, Marcus Gunn syndrome, 455 sling/suspension

Marcus Gunn syndrome, 454 ptosis, 461

Fuchs’ corneal dystrophy, 372–3, 524 Fuchs’ dellen/dimples, 473–4

Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, 521–3 full-thickness resection

floppy lid syndrome, 446 trichiasis, 463

fumagillin, microsporidiosis, 50 functional amblyopia, 213–15

fundus examination, diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, 623

fungal infection, 474–7 aspergillosis vs other, 12 canaliculus, 538, 539 cornea, 12, 374–5

endophthalmitis see endophthalmitis orbital cellulitis, 601, 602

orbital inflammatory syndromes vs, 12, 598 furosemide, papilledema, 587

furrow dystrophy/degeneration (furrow keratitis), 396–7

pellucid marginal degeneration vs, 386 Fusarium endophthalmitis, 474

G

gabapentin side-effects, 226

trigeminal neuralgia, 226, 227 galactosemias, 129–31

α-galactosidase A deficiency, 143 β-galactosidase deficiency, 136

gamma knife radiosurgery see radiosurgery ganciclovir, CMV, 8

gas surface tension management, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, 663

gastrointestinal involvement cat-scratch disease, 20

Escherichia coli, 28, 29 inflammatory bowel disease, 120

gaze, ping-pong, 425 gaze-evoked nystagmus, 424 gaze-paretic nystagmus, 424–5

gelatinous drop-like keratopathy, 162 gelsolin and lattice corneal dystrophy, 380 gene therapy

gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina, 626 mucopolysaccharidoses

MPS type IH, 132 MPS type IH/S, 133 MPS type VI, 139

MPS type VII, 140, 140–1 retinitis pigmentosa, 638

general anesthesia complications in mucopolysaccharidoses

MPS type IH, 132 MPS type IH/S, 134 MPS type II, 135

genetic counselling Fabry disease, 144

mucopolysaccharidosis type III, 136 retinitis pigmentosa, 638 Weill—Marchesani syndrome, 185

genetics aniridia, 519

anophthalmos, 467

cataract (congenital), 553, 555

familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, 659 glaucoma

juvenile, 491 normal-tension, 498 open-angle, 504

lens dislocation, 558 microspherophakia, 559 Refsum disease, 629

carrier detection, 629–30 gentamicin

adverse effects, 98

Escherichia coli, 29

Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, 18 yersiniosis, 97, 98

geographic epithelial keratitis, 26 German measles, 75–6

giant cell (cranial/temporal) arteritis, 177–80, 581–2, 589, 590

ischemic optic neuropathy in, 581–2, 589, 590 non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy vs, 583

giant papillary conjunctivitis, 242–5 Gibraltar fever, 16–17

glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis), 39–41 glass, foreign body, 285

glasses see spectacles

glatiramer acetate, multiple sclerosis, 221 glaucoma, 479–97, 504–8, 509–12, 513–15

angle-recession, 479–481

closed-angle see closed-angle glaucoma congenital, 490–1

exfoliative/capsular, 481, 511 juvenile, 491–5

malignant, 310–11, 399–400

neovascular, 532 normal-tension/low-tension, 498–9 open-angle see open-angle glaucoma papillorenal syndrome vs, 302 pigmentary, 492, 509–12

secondary

cyclitic, 489–90 Down syndrome, 188

Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, 522 lens-induced, 495–7

in microspherosphakia, 560 pneumococcus, 65

pupillary block see pupillary block rubella, 76

sarcoidosis, 173

spherophakia—brachymorphia syndrome, 184–5 steroid-induced, 480–1, 534

Sturge—Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis), 195, 196, 197, 197–8, 485, 487

syphilis, 5

systemic disorders raising venous pressure, 484–5

tumors, 485–8 uveitis, 483–4, 498

glaucomatocyclitic crisis, 489–90 gliomas

in neurofibromatosis type 1, 193, 262 optic, 262–4

globe see anophthalmos; endophthalmitis β-glucuronidase

deficiency, 140 gene therapy, 140

glycolipidosis, 143–4

cGMP and neuroparalytic keratitis, 385 gold salts, rheumatoid arthritis, 170 gold weight, lagophthalmos, 448

goniophotocoagulation in iris rubeosis, 531 gonioscopy

ciliary body trauma, 520 open-angle glaucoma, 505

goniosynechiae (peripheral anterior synechiae), 531 goniosynechialysis in Weill—Marchesani syndrome,

185

goniotomy (for glaucoma)

in juvenile glaucoma, 493

in primary congenital glaucoma, 490, 491 in Sturge—Weber syndrome, laser, 198

gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae), 30–4, 333, 334 ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis),

30, 31, 33–4, 347 grafts see transplants and grafts

Gram-negative endophthalmitis, 470 Gram-positive endophthalmitis, 470 Gram stain

gonococcus, 31 pneumococcus, 64

granular corneal dystrophy, 375–6 type III/superficial variant, 391–2

granulomas, tuberculous, 89 granulomatosis, Wegener see Wegener

granulomatosis

granulomatous disease vs orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, 252

granulomatous encephalitis, Acanthamoeba, 99 granulomatous orbital inflammatory syndrome, 597,

598, 599

Graves’ disease see thyroid eye disease

grid laser photocoagulation, branch retinal vein occlusion, 615

Groenouw dystrophy type II, 381–2 Grönblad—Strandbery syndrome, 166–7 Grzybowski-type keratoacanthoma, 246 Guillain—Barré syndrome, 201, 202 gumma, 3

gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina, 625–6

H

Haab’s striae, 390

Haemophilus influenzae, 34–5 biogroup aegypticus, 42–3 type B, 34, 333, 334

hair transplantation in madarosis, 453 hamartomas

neurofibromatosis type 1, 194, 487 vascular, benign, 250–1

Hansen disease, 43–5 Harada disease, 303–5

hay fever conjunctivitis, 331–2

HCV and Mooren’s ulcer, 382, 382–3 head lice, 112

head-tilt test in superior oblique palsy, 429 head trauma

infant, nonaccidental, 294, 295 superior oblique palsy after, 430

headache (cephalalgia) cluster, 210–11 pseudotumor cerebri, 217

hearing problems, Cogan syndrome, 164, 165 heart failure, congestive, complicating facial

hemangioma, 233 Heerfordt syndrome, 172, 545–7

Heidelberg retinal tomograph, pseudotumor cerebri, 218

helminths, 102–8, 109–12, 622–4 hemangioblastoma in von Hippel—Lindau disease,

191 hemangioma

capillary, 232–4

choroidal, in Sturge—Weber syndrome, 195, 196, 197, 198

optic disk, in von Hippel—Lindau disease, 191, 192

hematologic disorders, 147–51 hemicrania, paroxysmal, 210–11 hemifacial spasm, 443–4 hemorrhage

choroidal, in Sturge—Weber syndrome, 198 optic disk, in open-angle glaucoma, 505 orbital, 605–7

retinal, in branch retinal vein occlusion, 613, 614 salmon patch, sickle cell disease, 149 subconjunctival, following injury, 280 suprachoroidal see suprachoroidal hemorrhage vitreous, 654–6

sickle cell disease, 149 see also hyphema

hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, 317–18, 319 intraoperative, 317

postoperative, 310 hemorrhagic CMV retinitis, 8

hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, acute/epidemic, 10–11 heparan N-sulfatase or sulfamidase deficiency, 136 hepatitis C virus and Mooren’s ulcer, 382, 382–3 hepatotoxicity, neonatal, 130

heredity see genetic counselling; genetics herpes simplex virus, 35–8

keratitis, 36–7, 125 ophthalmia neonatorum, 347

see also herpetic retinopathy, necrotizing

herpes virus infections (in general), acute retinal necrosis syndrome, 8

herpes zoster, 94–6

see also herpetic retinopathy, necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, necrotizing (= acute retinal

necrosis - VZV and HSV), 8–9, 611–13 heterochromia, iris

in Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, 522 Sturge—Weber syndrome, 196

histamine H1 antagonists see antihistamines histaminic cephalalgia, 210–11 histoplasmosis, 61–3, 645

HIV disease/AIDS, 6–10 gonorrhea and, 32 Kaposi sarcoma, 245 syphilis and, 3, 4, 5

toxoplasmosis and, 9–10, 114 hives, 159

HLA HLA-B27

and ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter disease, 573, 574

and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 181 and uveitis, 533, 573, 574

and yersiniosis, 97

HLA-DR2 and pars planitis, 529 other HLA antigens and uveitis, 533

Hodgkin disease, 241–3 holes

iris, 291–2 macula, 569–71

retinal, peripheral, 627, 628

Hollenhorst plaques (cholesterol emboli), 616, 617 homocystinuria, lens dislocation, 556, 558 hordeolum, 446–7

horizontal deviation, dissociated (DHD), 412, 413 hormonal therapy, meningioma, 257

Horton syndrome, 210–11 hospital-acquired infections see nosocomial

infections HPV, 266–8

HSV (herpes simplex virus), 35–8 human immunodeficiency virus see HIV human papilloma virus, 266–8

Hunter syndrome, 134–5 Hurler—Scheie syndrome, 133–4 Hurler syndrome, 131–2, 133 Hutchinson’s freckle, 457

hyaline plaque, scleral, 655

hyaloidotomy, laser, malignant glaucoma, 500 hydatid disease, 109–10

hydrochlorothiazide Cogan syndrome, 165 side-effects, 165

hydroxocobalamin, optic atrophy, 578 hydroxychloroquine

rheumatoid arthritis, 170

systemic lupus erythematosus, 177 hyfrecation, trichiasis, 463

hyperbaric oxygen, retinal arterial occlusion, 618 hypercalcemia, 337

hyperlipoproteinemia, 144–5, 464 hyperopia

in accommodative esotropia, and its correction, 402

undercorrected, high accommodative convergence- to-accommodation ratio vs, 417

hyperosmotic agents

closed-angle glaucoma, 514, 515 side-effects, 515

Index

Index

hypertension ocular, 500–2

systemic (arterial), 299–301 retinopathy see retinopathy

venous, glaucoma associated with, 484–5 hypertropia, in superior oblique palsy, assessment,

429

hyphema, traumatic, 311–14 hypotony, ocular, 502–4 hypovitaminosis, 121–2 hysteria, 215–16

I

ice test, myasthenia gravis, 222 idoxuridine, HSV, 36, 37 iduronate-2-sulfatase mutation, 134 α-L-iduronidase

mutation

in mucopolysaccharidosis type IH, 131

in mucopolysaccharidosis type IH/S, 133, 134 replacement and gene therapy

in mucopolysaccharidosis type IH, 132, 134 in mucopolysaccharidosis type IH/S, 133

imaging anophthalmos, 467

branch retinal vein occlusion, 614 carotid—cavernous fistula, 147 Creutzveldt—Jakob disease, 211 echinococcosis, 110 enophthalmos, 593

foreign body copper-containing, 284

nonmetallic chemically inert, 285–6 mucormycosis, 54

oculocerebrorenal syndrome, 124 optic foramen fractures, 600 optic nerve

neuritis, 584

trauma-associated pathology, 588 orbit

cellulitis/abscess, 602 fractures, 595, 596 hemorrhage, 606

inflammatory syndromes, 252, 598 pseudotumor cerebri, 217

retinal detachment, 631 scleritis, 654

shaken baby syndrome, 295 Sturge—Weber syndrome, 196

vs other syndromes, 197 tumors and tumor-like conditions

basal cell carcinoma, 230–1 capillary hemangioma, 232 craniopharyngioma, 237 dermoid cyst, 238 fibrosarcoma, 240 glaucoma-associated, 487 lacrimal system, 543 liposarcoma, 249 lymphangioma, 250 lymphoid tumors, 254 melanoma (uveal), 325 meningioma, 256 mucocele, 259 neurilemoma, 260 neuroblastoma, 262

optic glioma, 263

orbital inflammatory syndromes, 252, 598 retinoblastoma, 270

rhabdomyosarcoma, 265

vitreous hemorrhage, 666 see also specific modalities

imidazoles see azole antifungals immune globulin

diphtheria, 24

inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy acute (Guillain—Barré syndrome), 202

chronic, 202 myasthenia gravis, 223 rabies, 73

tetanus, 86

immune-mediated (post-infectious) encephalomyelitis, 579

immune orbitopathy, thyroid-related, 448 immune response to lens proteins see

phacoantigenic endophthalmitis; phacoantigenic glaucoma

immunization see immune globulin; vaccination immunoblot, Lyme disease, 48–9 immunohistochemistry, leiomyoma, 248 immunomodulatory agents see biologic response

modifiers; immunosuppressive drugs immunosuppressed individuals

Kaposi sarcoma, 245 toxoplasmosis, 9–10, 113, 114 see also HIV disease/AIDS

immunosuppressive drugs, 165–6 adverse effects, 165–6, 530, 534, 581 amyloidosis, 162

Behçet disease, 163

chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, 202–3

Cogan syndrome, 165, 165–6 giant cell arteritis, 582

inflammatory optic neuropathies, 579, 580 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 182 keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Sjögren syndrome,

377

Mooren’s corneal ulcer, 383 myasthenia gravis, 223 orbital conditions

Graves’ disease, 603

inflammatory syndromes, 252, 598–9 pars planitis, 530

relapsing polychondritis, 168 rheumatoid arthritis, 170–1 sarcoidosis, 173

scleritis, 655 scleroderma, 175

scleromalacia perforans, 657 sympathetic ophthalmia, 329 systemic lupus erythematosus, 177 uveitis, 533

Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada syndrome, 304 Wegener’s granulomatosis, 184

white dot syndromes, 650 birdshot chorioretinopathy, 648

immunotherapy, conjunctival or corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, 235

impetigo, 83 implant(s) (prostheses)

corneal, 276

orbital, extrusion, 292–4

retinal, in retinitis pigmentosa, 638 tube-drainage/tube-shunt see tube-drainage

implants

implantation cysts, epithelial, 526

inclusion (chlamydial) conjunctivitis, 38–9, 86, 86–7

inclusion cysts, epithelial, 357–9

indocyanine green angiography age-related macular degeneration, 564 angioid streaks, 315

choroidal (subretinal) neovascularization, 641 choroidal ruptures, 321

uveal melanoma, 325 infant(s)

galactosemia, 129, 130

glaucoma of Sturge—Weber syndrome, 195–6, 196 mucopolysaccharidosis type IH, 131

physical abuse, 294–5

retinopathy of prematurity, 639–40, 666 syphilis, 5, 6

see also neonates

infantile cataract see cataract infantile dacryocystitis, 538, 539 infantile esotropia, 408–9, 422, 423 infantile exotropia, 405

infantile glaucoma, 490–1 infantile nystagmus, 423–4 infections, 1–98, 468–77

bleb, 340, 470, 471, 473 Cogan syndrome vs, 164

disseminated, white dot syndromes vs, 648 eyelid

in Down syndrome, 188 sebaceous glands, 446–7

in Guillain—Barré syndrome etiology, 201 intrauterine, congenital cataract associated with,

555

parasitic, 49–51, 99–107 scleral see scleritis

uveitis caused by see uveitis

see also specific microbial antigens; post-infectious encephalomyelitis and specific (types of) pathogens and conditions

inflammatory bowel disease, 119–21

inflammatory demyelinating poly(radiculo)neuropathies acute (Guillain—Barré syndrome), 201, 202 chronic, 201–2, 202, 202–3

inflammatory disease of retinal veins, 623–4 inflammatory optic neuropathy, 578–81 inflammatory syndromes, orbital (idiopathic

inflammation; inflammatory pseudotumor), 251– 2, 543, 597–9

differential diagnosis, 598 aspergillosis, 12

inflammatory theory of cystoid macular edema, 565 infliximab

Behçet disease, 163 HLA-associated uveitis, 574 relapsing polychondritis, 168 rheumatoid arthritis, 171 scleritis, 656

influenza, 41–2

inheritance see genetic counselling; genetics injury see trauma

insecticides, pediculosis and phthiriasis, 112 interferon α (IFN alfa)

basal cell carcinoma, 231 Behçet disease, 163 capillary hemangioma, 233 hepatitis C, 382–3 papilloma, 267

interferon β-1a, multiple sclerosis, 220, 221, 585 interleukin-1 in rheumatoid arthritis, 171 interleukin-2 receptor blockade in scleritis, 655–6 intracranial hypertension, idiopathic/benign, 216–19 intracranial microvascular decompression in superior

rectus myokymia, 428

intracranial tumors, 236–7

optic nerve-compressing, 575

intraepithelial neoplasia, conjunctival/corneal, 234–6 intranuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) in multiple

sclerosis, 220, 221 intraocular lens

children, 554, 561–2 damage, 552 deposits, 550, 551 dislocation, 552

opacification, 550, 551

posterior capsule opacification with, 550 traumatic cataract, 561

intraocular pressure, 479–515

in choroidal detachment etiology, drop, 316 lowered, 502–4

surgically-induced, in traumatic hyphema, 313–14

pharmacological lowering see antiglaucoma drugs

raised, 479–97

in after-cataract surgery, 552

in traumatic hyphema, 312, 313

intrauterine infections, congenital cataract associated with, 555

intravitreal injections antibiotics

foreign bodies, 287, 288, 290 scleral lacerations and ruptures, 282

antifungals, 476–7

endophthalmitis complicating, 470, 471, 473 gene therapy in Sly syndrome, 140 triamcinolone

in age-related macular degeneration, 564 and other agents with macular hole, 571

inverted epicanthus, 441 involutional ectropion, 437, 438–9 involutional entropion, 440

iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy, uveal melanoma, 326

iridectomy

closed-angle glaucoma, 514 flat anterior chamber, 311 juvenile glaucoma, 493 microspherosphakia, 560

pigmentary dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma, 511

iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, 524–5 differential diagnosis, 524

posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, 390, 524

iridocyclectomy, leiomyoma, 248 iridocyclitis, 532

Fuchs’ heterochromic, 521–3 inflammatory bowel disease, 120 leprosy, 44

iridodialysis, 291–2 iridoplasty

pigmentary dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma, 511

plateau iris, 513 iridotomy, laser, 311

closed-angle glaucoma, 514 uveitic, 483–4

plateau iris, 513 iris, 521–9

congenital absence, 518–19 cysts, 513, 526–7 involvement

diabetes, 127

Down syndrome, 188 epithelial ingrowth, 307 leprosy, 43

retinopathy of prematurity, 639 sarcoidosis, 172

Staphylococcus, 80 Sturge—Weber syndrome, 196

plateau, 512–13 prolapse, 528–9

transillumination defect, 509, 510, 511 trauma, 282, 291–2

tumors

glaucoma associated with, 486, 487, 488 leiomyoma, 247–8

melanoma, 486, 487, 527–8 treatment, 488

iris bombé, 525–6

iris rubeosis (iris neovascularization), 530–2 in Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, 522

iritis, 532

inflammatory bowel disease, 120 iron foreign body, 288–91

irrigation

acid burns, 275 alkaline burns, 277–8

irritant contact dermatitis, 154

Irvine—Glass syndrome (cystoid macular edema), 552, 565–7

ischemia, anterior segment, sickle cell disease, 150 ischemic optic nerve disease, 581–3, 589–91

anterior

arteritic see giant cell arteritis non-arteritic, 582, 589

normal-tension glaucoma vs, 498 posterior, 589, 590

isoniazid toxicity, 91

tuberculosis, 91 itraconazole

aspergillosis, 12 coccidioidomycosis, 21 endophthalmitis (in general), 476 toxicity, 15

ivermectin, pediculosis and phthiriasis, 112 Ixodes tick, 47–9

J

Jarisch—Herxheimer reaction in Lyme disease, 49

in syphilis, 5

jaw claudication in giant cell arteritis, 178 jaw-winking syndrome, 453–5

jerk nystagmus, 423

joints involved in rheumatoid arthritis, 169 junctional nevus, 335

juvenile corneal epithelial dystrophy, 376–7 juvenile glaucoma, 491–5

juvenile idiopathic (rheumatoid) arthritis, 180–3, 492

juvenile retinoschisis, 610 juvenile xanthogranuloma, 243–5

K

kanamycin

Escherichia coli, 29 gonorrhea

adults, 32 neonates, 33

Kaposi sarcoma, 245–6 Kasabach—Merritt syndrome, 233

Kearns—Sayre syndrome, 207, 208 Refsum disease misdiagnosed as, 630

keratectomy

lamellar, in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Sjögren syndrome, 379

phototherapeutic see photokeratectomy keratitis

bacterial, 355–7 acanthamebiasis, 99

Acinetobacter, 1 Lyme disease, 48 pneumococcus, 65

pseudomonal, 68, 69, 70 staphylococcal, 80, 81 streptococcal, 82, 84 syphilis, 5

tuberculosis, 90

epithelial see epithelial keratitis exposure see exposure keratopathy filamentary, 364, 371–2

furrow see furrow dystrophy infective non-bacterial

differentiation from bacterial causes, 356 EBV, 40–1

fungal, 12, 374–5 herpes zoster (VZV), 95

herpetic (HSV), 36–7, 125 microsporidial, 50, 51

neuroparalytic, 383–6 post-laser refractive surgery, 84 pseudodendritic, 125–6

Thygeson’s superficial punctate, 397–8 keratoacanthoma, 246–7 keratoconjunctivitis

epidemic, 25–6 microsporidial, 50 staphylococcal, 81 superior limbic, 393–6

keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 377–8, 546 rheumatoid arthritis, 169, 170 scleroderma, 164

keratoconus, 378–9

pellucid marginal degeneration vs, 386 keratoepithelin and lattice corneal dystrophy, 380 keratoglobus vs pellucid marginal degeneration, 386 keratomalacia, vitamin A deficiency, 121 keratopathy see band keratopathy; corneal

involvement; exposure keratopathy; neurotrophic keratopathy

keratoplasty

acid burns, 276 alkaline burns, 278 bacterial ulcers, 356 cysts, 358

edema, 363

fungal keratitis, 374 herpetic corneal disease, 37

lamellar see lamellar keratoplasty pellucid marginal degeneration, 387 penetrating see penetrating keratoplasty Sly syndrome, 140

traumatic hyphema, 314 tyrosinemia II, 126

see also corneoscleral grafts keratoprosthesis with acid burns, 276 keratosis

actinic, 229–30 seborrheic, 229–30

keratosis palmoplantaris, 125–6 keratosulfaturia, 137–8

Index

Index

ketoconazole blastomycosis, 15

endophthalmitis (in general), 476 toxicity, 15

ketorolac

giant papillary conjunctivitis, 344 vernal conjunctivitis, 352

kidney see entries under renal Klippel—Trenaunay—Weber syndrome, 196–7 Koch—Weeks bacillus, 42–3

Krill disease, 643

Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Score, multiple sclerosis, 220

L

lacerations

ciliary body, 519–21 conjunctiva, 279–80 cornea, 360–1 extraocular muscle, 419 eyelid, 441–3

iris, 291–2 lacrimal, 541–2 sclera, 281–3

lacrimal punctum see punctum lacrimal system, 535–47

aspergillosis, 12

congenital anomalies, 535–7, 539 EBV, 40

inflammations, biopsy, 599 leprosy, 43

sarcoidosis, 172 sporotrichosis, 78 trauma, 541–2 tumors, 543

see also tears lagophthalmos, 447–8

Bell’s palsy, 204

lamellar keratectomy in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Sjögren syndrome, 379

lamellar keratoplasty edema, 363

Fuchs’ corneal dystrophy, 372 pellucid marginal degeneration, 387–8

Reis—Bücklers corneal dystrophy, 391 Terrien’s marginal degeneration, 397

laronidase (Aldurazyme)

in mucopolysaccharidosis type IH, 132 in mucopolysaccharidosis type IH/S, 133

larva migrans ocular, 102–3 visceral, 110

laser Doppler, basal cell carcinoma, 231 laser surgery

after-cataract, 551

basal cell carcinoma, 231 complications, 552

baylisascariasis, 103 blebs, 340, 341

corneal mucosal plaques, 365 corneal neovascularization, 366–7 cyclodialysis clefts, 521

diabetes, 128

diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, 103, 623 epithelial basement membrane dystrophy and

recurrent erosion (cornea), 370 epithelial cysts, 308

flat anterior chamber, 310–11, 311 glaucoma

angle-recession, 482

closed-angle, 514 juvenile, 494 malignant, 500 open-angle, 506 pigmentary, 511 uveitic, 483–4

histoplasmosis, 62

intraocular pressure-lowering (in glaucoma) exfoliative glaucoma, 481

in Sturge—Weber syndrome, 198 iris rubeosis, 531

keratitis following, 84 optic pits, 577

pigmentary dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma, 511

plateau iris, 513

Reis—Bücklers corneal dystrophy, 391 retinal conditions

central serous chorioretinopathy, 620 Coats’ disease, 622

retinal vein occlusion, 566, 615, 635–6 retinitis pigmentosa, 638

retinoschisis, 610

subretinal (choroidal) neovascularization, 321, 641

sarcoidosis, 173

sickle cell disease, 149 Sturge—Weber syndrome, 198 trichiasis, 463

tyrosinemia II, 126 xanthelasma, 465

latanoprost

cystoid macular edema associated with use of, 565

juvenile glaucoma, 493 open-angle glaucoma, 506

latent nystagmus, 424

lattice corneal dystrophy, 379–81 amyloidosis, 161–2, 380

lattice degeneration, peripheral retinal, 627, 628 lazy eye, 213–15

Leber’s idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis (neuroretinitis of cat-scratch disease), 17–18, 19

Leber’s miliary aneurysms, 621 leiomyoma, 247–8

lens, 549–62

absence see aphakia diabetic involvement, 127

ectopia/dislocation, 496–7, 556–7 in microspherosphakia, 560

foreign body, 286, 288

glaucoma etiology relating to, 495–7 opacities see cataract

proteins see proteins see also contact lenses

lensectomy (lens removal) congenital cataract, 554

iris rubeosis, and vitrectomy, 531 microspherosphakia, 560 traumatic cataract, 561

lenticonus, 558 lentiglobus, 558 lentigo, solar, 456 lentigo maligna, 457

lentigo maligna melanoma, 457 lentigo simplex, 455, 456

lepinastine hydrochloride, giant papillary conjunctivitis, 344

leprosy, 43–5 leptospirosis, 45–7

leukemia, intraocular involvement glaucoma risk, 487, 488 management, 488

leukocoria, 553

levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis

in Marcus Gunn syndrome surgery, 454 in ptosis etiology, 460

in ptosis surgery, 460–1, 461

in upper lid retraction surgery, 451

in neuroparalytic keratitis, botulinum toxin injection, 385

levocabastine

giant papillary conjunctivitis, 344 vernal conjunctivitis, 352

levodopa

functional amblyopia, 214 Parkinson disease, 224

lice, 112–13 lid see eyelids

light microscopy, leiomyoma, 248

light toxicity, cystoid macular edema causation, 567 lightning injury, 280–1

ligneous conjunctivitis, 345–6 limbal dermoid, 237, 238

limbal keratoconjunctivitis, superior, 393–6 limbal stem cell transplantation

acid burns, 276 alkaline burns, 278

lindane, pediculosis and phthiriasis, 112 lipemia, retinal, hyperlipoproteinemia, 145 lipid-lowering drugs, 145

lipid metabolism, disorders, 143–5, 464, 637 lipodermoid, 237–9

liposarcoma, 248–50

liposomal amphotericin B, mucormycosis, 54 Lisch—Sakurai nodules, 194

liver toxicity, neonatal, 130 lockjaw, 84–6

lodoxamide tromethamine, giant papillary conjunctivitis, 344

Lofgren syndrome, 172

loteprednol etabonate, giant papillary conjunctivitis, 344

louse infestation, 112–13 Lowe syndrome, 123–5

lubrication lens, acid burns, 275

lumbar puncture, pseudotumor cerebri, 217–18 see also cerebrospinal fluid examination

lung/pulmonary involvement blastomycosis, 14 cat-scratch disease, 20 chlamydia, 38 tuberculosis, 89

see also respiratory tract involvement lupus erythematosus, systemic, 176–7, 579 Lyme disease, 47–9

lymph node metastases, Merkel cell carcinoma, 269 lymphadenopathy, generalized, Hodgkin disease,

242 lymphangioma, 250–1 lymphoid tumors, 251–4

intraocular, 253–4 glaucoma risk, 487, 488

lacrimal system, 543 ocular adnexae, 252–3 orbital, 251–2

lymphoma Hodgkin, 241–3

non-Hodgkin, ocular adnexae, 252, 253

Index

Index

Reiter disease, 574 rheumatoid arthritis, 170 sarcoidosis, 173 scleritis, 655

steroid-induced glaucoma, 480 systemic lupus erythematosus, 177 vernal conjunctivitis, 352

norfloxacin, gonorrhea, 32 nosocomial infections

adenovirus, 26

Staphylococcus, 80

nuclear components, antibodies to, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 181

nutritional disorders, 119–22 rubeola and, 77

see also dietary management nystagmus, 423–6

nystagmus blockage syndrome, esotropia in, 409

O

oblique muscle

A-pattern strabismus with dysfunction of, 399 inferior, surgery

in dissociated vertical deviation, 413 in superior oblique palsy, 430

superior

myokymia, 425, 428, 430 palsy, 428–30

strengthening, and alternative options (in fourth nerve palsy), 430

tendon absence or anomaly, 430

tendon sheath restriction see Brown syndrome obstructive sleep apnea (OAS), 444, 445, 446 occlusion or patching

accommodative esotropia, 403 accommodative spasm, 518

in lazy eye (of sound eye), 215 neuroparalytic keratitis, 384

Theodore’s superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, 395

oculocerebrorenal syndrome, 123–5 oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease, 207–10 oculoglandular syndrome, Parinaud’s, 17, 18, 97 oculomotor nerve lesions, 420, 426–7

ofloxacin, Chlamydia, 39 OK-432, 251

Olson disease, 207–10

omega-3-rich food, retinitis pigmentosa, 637 opacities see cataract; cornea

open-angle glaucoma, 504–5 juvenile, 491, 492 lens-induced, 495–7

primary, vs juvenile form, 492 uveitic, surgery, 484

ophthalmia, sympathetic, 328–30, 471 ophthalmia neonatorum, 346–8

causes, 31, 346–8

C. trachomatis see Chlamydia gonococcal, 30, 31, 33–4, 347

prevention, 348

ophthalmic artery occlusion, 618

ophthalmic division of 5th cranial nerve, herpes zoster, 95

ophthalmoplegia

chronic progressive external, 207–10 intranuclear (INO), in multiple sclerosis, 220, 221 supranuclear vertical, 223

ophthalmoscopy, ciliary body trauma, 520 opsoclonus, 425

optic atrophy, drug-induced, 577–8

optic chiasm, glioma affecting, 262, 263 optic disk

angiomas/hemangiomas in von Hippel—Lindau disease, 191, 192

edema (papilledema), 586–7 in hypertension, 300

in pseudotumor cerebri, 217, 218

in juvenile glaucoma, examination, 494 in open-angle glaucoma

cupping, 504 hemorrhage, 504

in optic neuritis, 584

in papillorenal syndrome, 301–2 in sickle cell disease, 149

optic foramen fracture, 599–601 optic nerve, 573–91

blood flow, agents improving, 498 decompression, 575

complications, 576 papilledema, 587

traumatic neuropathy, 588, 601

diseases affecting or associated with see neuroophthalmologic involvement; neuroretinitis; optic neuropathy

glioma, 262–4

in open-angle glaucoma, 504–5 pits (nerve head), 575–6

vs papillorenal syndrome, 302 vs retinoschisis, 610

optic nerve sheath decompression see optic nerve

fenestration in pseudotumor cerebri, 219 meningioma, 256, 257, 575

optic neuritis, 583–5 autoimmune, 579 multiple sclerosis, 220

optic neuromyelitis (Devic disease), 579, 580 optic neuropathy, 573–91

chronic relapsing, 579 compressive, 575–6

due to hemorrhage, 607 diseases associated with, 579, 580

brucellosis, 16 candidiasis, 59 diabetes, 127

giant cell arteritis, 180 herpes zoster, 95 Lyme disease, 48

sarcoidosis, 172, 579, 580 inflammatory, 578–81

ischemic see ischemic optic nerve disease normal-tension glaucoma vs, 498

toxic, 577–8

traumatic, 587–9, 600–1

vasculopathic see ischemic optic nerve disease see also neuro-ophthalmologic involvement;

neuroretinitis

optical coherence tomography age-related macular degeneration, 564 branch retinal vein occlusion, 614

choroidal (subretinal) neovascularization, 641 epimacular proliferation, 568

macular hole, 570 retinal detachment, 631

OPTN (optineurin) gene and normal-tension glaucoma, 499

optokinetic nystagmus, 423 orbicularis oculi

in benign essential blepharospasm, resection, 443 in myasthenia gravis, 222

orbit, 593–607 abscess see abscess

in anophthalmos, management, 468 carotid—cavernous fistula involving, 147 cellulitis, 601–2

Haemophilus influenzae, 35

orbital inflammatory syndromes vs, 252, 598 pneumococcus, 65

Streptococcus, 82, 83 dermoid cyst, 237–8

fat herniation/prolapse see fat, orbital hemorrhages, 605–7

implant extrusion, 292–4

infections and infestations involving

Acinetobacter, 1 aspergillosis, 12 cysticercosis, 106–7 echinococcosis, 109, 110 sporotrichosis, 78

Staphylococcus, 80 tuberculosis, 90

inflammatory syndromes see inflammatory syndromes

thyroid-related disease see thyroid eye disease trauma

hemorrhage following, 605

inferior rectus muscle palsy in, 420 sixth nerve palsy vs, 400

see also fracture tumors

cellulitis/abscess vs, 602 leiomyoma, 248 metastases, 258 rhabdomyosarcoma, 264–6

urticaria and hereditary angioedema involving, 159 orbitotomy, lid retraction, 450

ornithine- -aminotransferase deficiency, 625–6 orthoptics

in convergence insufficiency, 411 in esotropia

acquired nonaccommodative form, 404 with high accommodative convergence-to-

accommodation ratio, 418 oscillation, ocular, related to nystagmus, 425 Ota’s nevus, eyelid, 456

otoscopy, Bell’s palsy, 204

oxygen, hyperbaric, retinal arterial occlusion, 618

P

palmoplantar keratosis, 125–6

palpebral fissure measurement in ptosis, 460 panic attacks, 216

pannus in corneal neovascularization, 366 papillary conjunctivitis, giant, 242–5 papilledema see optic disk

papilloma, 266–8

papillorenal syndrome, 301–3 paracentesis

alkaline burns, 278

retinal arterial occlusion, 618 paralytic ectropion, 437, 439 paranasal sinuses

fracture, 279 lesions/diseases, 259

orbital cellulitis/abscess vs, 602 parasites, 49–51, 99–107

parasympathetic agonists and antagonists see anticholinergics; cholinergic drugs

paratrachoma, 38–9 parenchymatous neurosyphilis, 3

Index

Index

posterior segment candidiasis, 59, 60 cysticercosis, 105–6 foreign body, 288–9 sarcoidosis, 172 toxoplasmosis, 113

post-herpetic neuralgia, 96 post-infectious encephalomyelitis, 579 potassium iodide, sporotrichosis, 79 praziquantel

coenurosis, 104 cysticercosis, 107

precancerous skin lesions see premalignant skin lesions

prednisolone episcleritis, 651–2 influenza, 42

myasthenia gravis, 223 relapsing polychondritis, 168

Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada syndrome, 305 prednisone

chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, 201, 202

copper-containing foreign body, 284 multiple sclerosis, 220

orbital conditions Graves’ disease, 603

inflammatory syndromes, 252, 598 sarcoidosis, 173

toxoplasmosis, 114 traumatic hyphema, 313

Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada syndrome, 304 Wegener’s granulomatosis, 184

pregnant mothers, syphilis, 6 premalignant skin lesions, 229–30

eyelids, 229–30, 456–7

prematurity, retinopathy of, 639–40, 666 prenatal diagnosis and testing

Down syndrome, 188 galactosemia, 130 mucopolysaccharidoses

type IH, 131 type II, 135 type III, 136 type IV, 137 type VI, 140

oculocerebrorenal syndrome, 123 Refsum disease, 630

preretinal macular fibrosis, 567–9 preseptal cellulitis

Haemophilus influenzae, 35 Streptococcus, 82, 83

prion diseases, 211–12 prism adaptation therapy

accommodative esotropia, 402–3

acquired nonaccommodative esotropia, 404 convergence insufficiency, 411

high accommodative convergence-to- accommodation ratio, 418

progressive external ophthalmoplegia, chronic, 207–10

progressive outer retinal necrosis, 9

progressive subretinal fibrosis and uveitis, 646–7 progressive supranuclear palsy, 223

proliferative retinopathy diabetes, 128

vitreous hemorrhage, 666, 666–7 sickle cell disease, 149

proliferative vitreoretinopathy, 662–4

Propionibacterium acnes, 66–7 endophthalmitis, 66, 67

complicating cataract surgery, 550, 551 management, 67, 551

proptosis, neurofibromatosis type 1, 194 prostaglandin analogs, 506

juvenile glaucoma, 493 open-angle glaucoma, 506 side-effects, 506

prostaglandin synthase inhibitors see non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

prostheses see implants protein(s)

lens, leakage

glaucoma due to obstructive effects, 495 immune response see phacoantigenic

endophthalmitis; phacoantigenic glaucoma

metabolism, disorders, 123–6 protein—energy malnutrition and rubeola, 77

Proteus, 67–8

proton beam therapy, uveal melanoma, 327 protozoan infections, 49–51, 99–102, 113–15 pseudodendritic keratitis, 125–6 pseudoendophthalmitis, 471

pseudoesotropia, 408

pseudoexfoliative (exfoliative) glaucoma, 481, 511

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 68–71 pseudopterygium, 348–51

pseudotumor, orbital inflammatory, 251–2, 543, 593–7

pseudotumor cerebri, 216–19 pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 166–7 psoriasis, 157–8

psychogenic ocular disease, 215–16 pterygium, 348–51

ptosis (blepharoptosis)

chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, 208

myasthenia gravis, 222 pubic lice, 112

pulmonary disease see lung punctate inner choroidopathy, 645–6

punctate keratopathy, Thygeson’s superficial, 397–8 punctum

accessory, 535 eversion, 438 stenosis, 535, 536

pupil

dislocation of lens and, combined, 557 involvement

giant cell arteritis, 180 leprosy, 43

white, 553 pupillary block, 496

glaucoma due to, 185, 513 in lens dislocation, 557 malignant glaucoma vs, 497

management, 311

in microspherosphakia, 560 postoperative, 310

purulent lesions see pyogenic/purulent/suppurative lesions

pyocele, 25–60 pyogenic/purulent/suppurative lesions

conjunctivitis see conjunctivitis keratitis, pneumococcus, 65 yersiniosis, 97, 98

see also pyocele

pyrazinamide

adverse reactions, 91 tuberculosis, 91

pyridoxine supplements, gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina, 626

pyrimethamine, toxoplasmosis, 114

Q

Q fever, 71–2

Quickert sutures, entropion, 440 Quincke disease, 159

quinolone antibiotics corneal ulcers, 356 typhoid fever, 94

see also fluoroquinolones

R

rabies, 72–3

raccoon roundworm, 102–3 radiation treatment

capillary hemangioma, 233 carcinoma

basal cell, 231 Merkel cell, 269 sebaceous gland, 272 squamous cell, 274

complications, 243

compressive optic neuropathy, 575 Ewing sarcoma, 239

glaucoma-associated intraocular tumors, 488 glioma of optic nerve, 263

Graves’ disease, 604 Hodgkin disease, 242, 243

inflammatory pseudotumor of orbit, 252 juvenile xanthogranuloma, 244

Kaposi sarcoma, 246 liposarcoma, 249 lymphoid tumors

intraocular, 254 ocular adnexae, 253

melanoma (uveal), 326, 327 meningioma, 256–7 metastases, 258 neurilemoma, 261 neuroblastoma, 262 pterygium, 350 retinoblastoma, 271 rhabdomyosarcoma, 265, 266 sarcoidosis, 173

see also radiosurgery radiographs, plain

dermoid cyst, 238 echinococcosis, 110

nonmetallic chemically inert foreign body, 285 radiologic imaging see imaging

radiosurgery

Ellman (high-frequency electrosurgery), trichiasis, 463 stereotactic/gamma knife

carotid—cavernous fistula, 148 meningioma, 257 rhabdomyosarcoma, 265 trigeminal neuralgia, 226

uveal melanoma, 327

ragged red fibers in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, 209

ranibizumab, subretinal neovascularization, 642 RB gene, 270, 271

reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 252, 253 rebound nystagmus, 425

Index

Index

rectus muscle

inferior, palsy, 420–1

lateral, in Duane syndrome, 413, 414, 415 medial, in Duane syndrome, 414

rectus muscle surgery

congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscle, 410 dissociated horizontal deviation, 413 dissociated vertical deviation, 413

Duane syndrome, 415 esotropia

acquired nonaccommodative, 404 congenital, 409

high accommodative convergence-to- accommodation ratio, 418

exotropia (basic and intermittent), 406 eyelid retraction, 450

inferior rectus muscle palsy, 421 lacerations, 419

oculomotor nerve palsy, 427 sixth nerve palsy, 401

red reflex, congenital cataract, 553 Reese—Elsworth classification, retinoblastoma, 270 refractive error(s)

accommodative esotropia, 402 cerebral palsy, 205–6

refractive error correction (incl. surgery) accommodative esotropia, 403 accommodative spasm, 518 congenital esotropia, 409

laser, keratitis following, 84 Refsum disease, 629–30, 637

Reis—Bücklers corneal dystrophy, 391–2 Reiter disease, 573–4

renal—coloboma syndrome, 301–3

renal dysfunction in oculocerebrorenal syndrome, 123, 124

respiratory tract involvement, relapsing polychondritis, 167, 168

see also lung

reticular chorioretinal pigmentary degeneration, 627, 628

retina, 609–49 angiomatosis, 191–3 detachment, 630–4

after-cataract surgery complicated by, 552 atopic dermatitis, 153

in Coats’ disease, 621 cysticercosis, 106, 107

exudative, 610, 621, 630, 631, 632, 634 foreign body, 290

in necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, prophylaxis, 612

neurosensory, 619

rhegmatogenous, 610, 627, 628, 630, 631, 631– 2, 632, 632–3, 666

sickle cell disease, 149 Sturge—Weber syndrome, 198, 199 surgery, 632–3, 652–3, 666 tractional, 610, 630, 631, 632, 634 typhoid fever, 93

glaucoma-inducing tumors, 486

gyrate atrophy of choroid retina and, 625–6 lipemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, 145 macrocyst, 610

necrosis see necrosis peripheral abnormalities

breaks, 627–9

familial exudative vitreoretinopathy vs other causes of, 660

perivasculitis, 623–4

solar insult, 570–1 uveal melanoma vs, 325

see also subretinal space; vitreoretinopathy and entries under chorioretin-

retinal arteries

in hypertension, 299, 300 occlusion, branch, 616–19 occlusion, central, 616–19

in giant cell arteritis, 582

retinal correspondence, abnormal, pathologic cortical suppression and, 422

retinal pigment epithelium see pigment epithelium retinal veins

inflammatory disease, 623–4 occlusion, 613–16, 635–6

branch, 610, 613–16, 635–6, 666 central, 566, 611, 635, 636 retinoschisis vs, 610

retinal vessels/vasculature in hypertension, 299, 300 inflammation (vasculitis)

with tuberculoprotein hypersensitivity, 623–4 with venous involvement, 614

in vitreous hemorrhage etiology, 665 see also retinal arteries; retinal veins

retinitis CMV, 7

exudative, 621 solar/foveomacular, 570–1

see also chorioretinitis; neuroretinitis; uveoretinitis

retinitis pigmentosa, 636–8 cystoid macular edema in, 566

retinoblastoma, 270–1 glaucoma, 486, 488

retinochoroiditis see chorioretinitis retinoids

basal cell carcinoma, 231 psoriasis, 158 tyrosinemia II, 126

retinol see vitamin A

retinopathy (and retinal involvement) baylisascariasis, 103

central serous, 619 connective tissue disorders

giant cell arteritis, 180 pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 166 sarcoidosis, 172

scleroderma, 175

systemic lupus erythematosus, 176 diabetic see diabetes

Down syndrome, 188

herpetic, acute (= acute retinal necrosis), 8–9, 611–13

hypertensive, 299, 300

branch retinal vein occlusion vs, 614 of prematurity, 639–40, 666 proliferative see proliferative retinopathy pseudotumor cerebri, 218

rubella, 76

sickle cell disease, 149 sporotrichosis, 79 Sturge—Weber syndrome, 196 thalassemias, 151

Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada syndrome, 304 see also vitreoretinopathy

retinopexy, pneumatic see pneumatic retinopexy retinoschisis, 609–11, 631

acquired, 609–11, 628 juvenile, 610

Reye syndrome and aspirin, 56 rhabdomyosarcoma, orbital, 264–6

rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 610, 627, 628, 630, 631, 631–2, 632, 632–3, 666

rheumatic diseases vs Cogan syndrome, 164 rheumatoid arthritis, 169–71

juvenile, 180–3, 492 scleritis, 169, 171, 655

rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic, 331–2 rhinosporidiosis, 73–4 Richner—Hanhart syndrome, 125–6

Rickettsia rickettsii, 74–5 rifabutin, adverse reactions, 92 rimamp(ic)in

adverse reactions, 91 leprosy, 44 tuberculosis, 91

ringworm fungi, 21–2 Rock fever, 16–17

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 74–5 rosacea, 156–7

Demodex infestation and, 108 rotational nystagmus, 423 roundworms see nematodes rubella, 75–6

rubeola, 77–8

rubeosis, iris see iris rubeosis (iris neovascularization) ruptures

choroidal, 320–1 scleral, 281–3

ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy, uveal melanoma, 326

S

St. Anthony’s Fire, 26–8 Sakurai—Lisch nodules, 194

salmon patch hemorrhage, sickle cell disease, 149

Salmonella enterica serotype typhi, 92–4 San Joaquin fever, 20–1

Sanfilippo syndrome, 135–6 sarcoidosis, 171–4, 579, 580

Heerfordt syndrome in, 172, 545, 546 optic neuropathy in, 172, 579, 580

sarcoma

Ewing, 239–40

Kaposi, 245–6

see also fibrosarcoma; liposarcoma; rhabdomyosarcoma

scars

chorioretinal see chorioretinal scars conjunctival, Chlamydia trachomatis, 87

scatter laser photocoagulation, branch retinal vein occlusion, 615

Scheie syndrome, 134 mild, 131, 133

schisis see retinoschisis

Schlemm’s canal, outflow resistance, 484 Schnyder’s crystalline corneal dystrophy, 392–3 schwannoma, 260–1

sclera, 651–7 conditions/diseases involving

EBV, 40 sarcoidosis, 172

sporotrichosis, 78–9 cysts, 357–9

dehiscences and staphylomas, 652–3 rupture and lacerations, 281–3

scleral buckle

necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, 612 proliferative vitreoretinopathy, 663, 664

Index

Index