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An imprint of Elsevier Inc.

First edition 1980

Second edition 1985

Third edition 1990

Fourth edition 1995

Fifth edition 2000

Sixth edition 2008

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804 (US) or (+44) 1865 843830 (UK); fax:

(+44) 1865 853333; e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier website at http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.

ISBN 978-1-4160-2447-7

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Notice

Medical knowledge is constantly changing. Standard safety precautions must be followed, but as new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommended dose, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient. Neither the Publisher nor the author assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication.

The Publisher

Printed in China

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Working together to grow libraries in developing countries

www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org

Commissioning Editor: Russell Gabbedy

Development Editor: Alexandra Mortimer

Project Manager: Alan Nicholson

Design Manager: Jayne Jones/Stewart Larking

Marketing Manager(s) (UK/USA): John Canelon/Lisa Damico

PREFACE

A text that has gone into its 6th edition has been well received by the medical profession. This book is designed to be concise with a consistent format so that the clinician can focus

on a speciﬁc area. In some instances the text can be photocopied and given to the patient as a reference. In this way, the time necessary to explain the problem to the patient may be signiﬁcantly reduced.

This edition has had major modiﬁcations and embraces evidence-based medicine. Perhaps the biggest change in this edition is the addition of pictures. This allows the clinician to read about and actually see a picture of select disease entities.

The authors have been selected based on their expertise, their recent publications, and the methods of management based on the most recent clinical advances. The format includes the CPT codes for billing purposes, short description of the condition, etiology/incidence, course/ prognosis, laboratory ﬁndings, differential diagnosis; prophylaxis, treatment (local and systemic, surgical or other), miscellaneous (names and addresses of support groups) and key references.

Although drug dosages and methods of administration have been scrutinized, it is important that each physician exercise his or her own judgment in the choice and use of a drug. The physician is advised to check the product information included in the drug’s package insert before drug administration. New data and individual clinical situations can change the drug regimen.

We have had contributions from more than 400 authors throughout the world. In sincere gratitude for their time and effort, we have acknowledged them in the front of this book.

We wish to express our appreciation and pay special tribute to Renee Tindall and Bree Jensvold, who worked with diligence, devotion, and skill to create this book.

F. Hampton Roy

Frederick W. Fraunfelder

Frederick T. Fraunfelder

CONTRIBUTORS

Richard L. Abbott MD	Esen K. Akpek MD	Nicole J. Anderson MD
Thomas W. Boyden, Endowed Chair in	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Ophthalmologist
Ophthalmology	Director, Ocular Surface Diseases and	Mississippi Vision Correction Center,
Health Science Clinical Professor	Dry Eye Clinic	PLLC
Research Associate, Francis I. Proctor	Wilmer Eye Institute	Flowood MS
Foundation	Johns Hopkins Hospital	USA
University of California, San Francisco	Baltimore MD	208 Posterior Polymorphous Dystrophy
Beckman Vision Center	USA
San Francisco CA	347 Scleritis	Ejaz A. Ansari BSc(Hons), MBBCh,
USA	Amal Al-Sayyed MD	FRCOphth, MD
14 Erysipelas	Amal Al-Sayyed MD	Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
Natalie A. Afshari MD	Oculoplastics Fellow	Eye, Ear and Mouth Unit
Natalie A. Afshari MD	University of Toronto Ophthalmology	Maidstone Hospital
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Toronto East General Hospital	Maidstone Kent
Cornea and Refractive Surgery	Toronto ON	UK
Duke University Eye Center	Canada	66 Hypovitaminosis
Duke University Medical Center	41 Rabies
Durham NC	Thomas A. Albini MD	Andrew Antoszyk MD
USA	Thomas A. Albini MD	Charlotte Eye Ear Nose and Throat
209 Reis–Bucklers Corneal Dystrophy	Fellow, Vitreoretinal Diseases and	Associates
Jaya Agrawal MS, DNB, MNAMS,	Surgery	Charlotte NC
Jaya Agrawal MS, DNB, MNAMS,	Department of Ophthalmology	USA
FRCS	Baylor College of Medicine	350 Persistent Hyperplastic Primary
Consultant Ophthalmologist	Houston TX	Vitreous
T. P. Agrawal Institute of Ophthalmology	USA
Meerut	257 Fungal Endophthalmitis	James H. Antoszyk MD
Uttar Pradesh	Deborah M. Alcorn MD	Charlotte Eye Ear Nose and Throat
India	Deborah M. Alcorn MD	Associates
58 Cysticercosis	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Charlotte NC
Shishir Agrawal MS, DNB, FRCS,	and Pediatrics	USA
Shishir Agrawal MS, DNB, FRCS,	Department of Ophthalmology and	350 Persistent Hyperplastic Primary
MRCOphth, FRF	Pediatrics	Vitreous
Consultant Ophthalmologist	Stanford University School of Medicine
T. P. Agrawal Institute of Ophthalmology	Stanford CA	James V. Aquavella MD
Meerut	USA	Professor of Ophthalmology
Uttar Pradesh	67 Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome	University of Rochester Eye Institute
India	70 Galactosemias	Rochester NY
58 Cysticercosis	Amar Alwitry MD, MRCS, MRCSEd,	USA
Trilok P. Agrawal MS	Amar Alwitry MD, MRCS, MRCSEd,	200 Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca and
Trilok P. Agrawal MS	MRCOphth, FRCOphth	Sjögren’s Syndrome
Consultant Ophthalmologist	Consultant Ophthalmologist	296 Lacrimal Hyposecretion
T. P. Agrawal Institute of Ophthalmology	Derbyshire Royal Inﬁrmary	348 Scleromalacia Perforans
Meerut	Derby
Uttar Pradesh	UK	Sumaira A. Arain MD
India	331 Central or Branch Retinal Artery	Research Fellow
58 Cysticercosis	Occlusion	Department of Ophthalmology
Levent Akduman MD	Anouk Amzel MD, MPH	University of California
Levent Akduman MD	Anouk Amzel MD, MPH	Sacramento CA
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Assistant Professor of Pediatrics	USA
Department of Ophthalmology	Columbia University School of Medicine	236 Distichiasis
St Louis University School of Medicine	New York NY
St Louis MO	USA
USA	17 Haemophilus inﬂuenzae
82 Thalassemia

xvi

J. Fernando Arévalo MD	Juan J. Barbón MD	A. Robert Bellows MD
Director	Consultant Ophthalmologist	Boston Eye Surgery and Laser Center
Clínica Oftalmologica Centro Caracas	Ophthalmology Department	Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston
Caracas	Hospital San Agustín	Boston MA
Venezuela	Avilés-Asturias	USA
57 Coenurosis	Spain	170 Choroidal Detachment
Guruswami Arunagiri MD, FRCSEd	87 Psoriasis	Audina M. Berrocal MD
Guruswami Arunagiri MD, FRCSEd	Kristi Bailey MD	Audina M. Berrocal MD
Attending Physician	Kristi Bailey MD	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Department of Ophthalmology	Resident	Department of Ophthalmology
Geisinger Medical Center	Department of Ophthalmology	Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
Danville PA	Oregon Health and Science University	University of Miami School of Medicine
USA	Casey Eye Institute	Miami FL
188 Corneal Abrasions, Contusions,	Portland OR	USA
Lacerations and Perforations	USA	28 Moraxella
Carlos W. Arzabe MD	325 Orbital Cellulitis and Abscess	Marijke Wefers Bettink-Remeijer MD
Carlos W. Arzabe MD	326 Orbital Graves’ Disease	Marijke Wefers Bettink-Remeijer MD
Ophthalmic Surgeon	Frank G. Baloh MD	Neuro-Ophthalmologist
Hospital del Ojo	Frank G. Baloh MD	Neuro-Ophthalmology Department
Santa Cruz	Lehigh Valley Eye Center	Rotterdam Eye Hospital
Bolivia	Allentown PA	Netherlands
61 Ocular Toxocariasis	USA	110 Cluster Headache
La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul MD	27 Molluscum Contagiosum	Anuja Bhandari MD, FRCOphth
La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul MD	Irina S. Barequet MD	Anuja Bhandari MD, FRCOphth
Associate Professor	Irina S. Barequet MD	Assistant Professor
Department of Ophthalmology	Lecturer in Ophthalmology	Department of Ophthalmology
Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology	Goldschleger Eye Institute	University of Washington
and Strabismus	Sheba Medical Center	Seattle WA
Faculty of Medicine	Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of	USA
Siriraj Hospital	Medicine	253 Trichiasis
Mahidol University	Tel Hashomer
Bangkok	Israel	M. Tariq Bhatti MD
Thailand	186 Bacterial Corneal Ulcers	Associate Professor
76 Mucopolysaccharidosis IV	André Barkhuizen MBBCh(Rand),	Departments of Ophthamology and
336 Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and	André Barkhuizen MBBCh(Rand),	Medicine (Division of Neurology)
Retina with Hyperornithinemia	MMed(UCT), FCP(SA), FACR	Duke University Eye Center
338 Refsum’s Disease	Associate Professor of Medicine and	Duke University Medical Center
Huban Atilla MD	Staff Physician	Durham, NC
Huban Atilla MD	Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease	USA
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Oregon Health and Science University	80 Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Department of Ophthalmology	and Portland VA Medical Center
Pediatric Ophthalmology and	Portland OR	Mark S. Blumenkranz MD
Strabismus	USA	Professor and Chairman
Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine	97 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	Department of Ophthalmology
Ankara	Michael A. Bearn FRCOphth,	Stanford University School of Medicine
Turkey	Michael A. Bearn FRCOphth,	Stanford CA
113 Functional Amblyopia	BMedSci	USA
Ümit Aykan MD	Consultant Ophthalmologist	329 Acute Retinal Necrosis
Ümit Aykan MD	Dr Gray’s Hospital	Kostas G. Boboridis MD, PhD
Assistant Professor	Elgin	Kostas G. Boboridis MD, PhD
Department of Ophthalmology	Scotland	Ophthalmic and Oculoplastic Surgeon
GATA H. Pasa Training Hospital	UK	Ophthalmology Department
Istanbul	295 Lacrimal Hypersecretion	Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Turkey	Rubens Belfort Jr MD	Thessaloniki
260 Exfoliation Syndrome	Rubens Belfort Jr MD	Greece
Brandon D. Ayres MD	Professor of Ophthalmology	237 Ectropion
Brandon D. Ayres MD	Department of Ophthalmology	James P. Bolling MD
Cornea Fellow	Federal University of São Paulo	James P. Bolling MD
Wills Eye Hospital	São Paulo	Associate Professor and Chair
Philadelphia PA	Brazil	Department of Ophthalmology
USA	3 Acquired Immune Deﬁciency	Mayo Clinic
201 Keratoconus	Syndrome	Jacksonville FL
		USA
		353 Vitreous Wick Syndrome

Contributors

xvii

Contributors

Vivien Boniuk MD, FRCS(C)

Director of Ophthalmology, Queens

Hospital Center

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Long Island Jewish Medical Center

New York NY

USA

44 Rubella

Paul Jorge Botelho MD

Clinical Assistant Professor at Brown Medical School

Department of Surgery Center for Sight

Fall River MA USA

13 Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

Paul W. Brazis MD

Professor of Neurology

Department of Ophthalmology

Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville

Jacksonville FL

USA

106 Acquired Inﬂammatory

Demyelinating Neuropathies

Fion D. Bremner BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon and Consultant in Neuro-ophthalmology Department of Neuro-ophthalmology National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery

London UK

312 Congenital Pit of Optic Disc

Edward G. Buckley MD

Professor, Ophthalmology and

Pediatrics

Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology

& Strabismus & Neuro-ophthalmology

Duke University Eye Center

Durham NC

USA

220 Congenital Esotropia

John D. Bullock MD, MPH, MSc

Infectious Disease Epidemioligist

Clinical Professor of Community Health

Professor of Mathematics and Statistics

Emeritus Professor and Chair of

Ophthalmology

Wright State University School of

Medicine

Dayton OH

USA

32 Nocardiosis

171 Choroidal Folds

David Matthew Bushley MD

Cornea and Refractive Surgery

Duke University Eye Center

Duke University Medical Center

Durham NC

USA

209 Reis–Bucklers Corneal Dystrophy

Jorge Alberto F. Caldeira MD

Emeritus Professor of Ophthamology Division of Ophthalmology Faculdade de Medicina

University of São Paulo Brazil

233 V-pattern Strabismus

Anne Carricajo PhD

Microbiologist

Department of Microbiology

Bellevue Hospital

Saint-Etienne

France

1 Acinetobacter

Gian Maria Cavallini MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Modena and Reggio

Emilia Medical School

Modena

Italy

313 Drug-induced Optic Atrophy

Matilda Frances Chan MD, PhD

Ophthalmology Resident

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Rochester Eye Institute

Rochester NY

USA

20 Infectious Mononucleosis

Damon B. Chandler MD

Fellow, Ophthalmic Plastic and

Reconstructive Surgery

Scheie Eye Institute

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia PA

USA

29 Mucormycosis

H. Channa MD

Professor in Ophthalmology Service d’Ophtalmologie

Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Med V Rabat

Morocco

131 Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Devron H. Char MD

Director, The Tumori Foundation San Francisco CA

Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA

USA

139 Metastatic Tumors to the Eye and Its Adnexa

142 Neuroblastoma

Steve Charles MD

Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Tennessee College of

Medicine

Memphis TN

USA

351 Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Teresa C. Chen MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Harvard Medical School

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Inﬁrmary

Glaucoma Service

Boston MA

USA

101 Weill–Marchesani Syndrome

269 Normal-tension Glaucoma

(Low-tension Glaucoma)

Steven S. T. Ching MD

Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Rochester

Rochester NY

USA

20 Infectious Mononucleosis

Christophe Chiquet MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Grenoble Grenoble

France

157 Intraocular Foreign Body: Steel or Iron

Phillip Hyunchul Choo MD

Associate Professor of Clinical

Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University of California

Sacramento CA

USA

236 Distichiasis

Timothy Y. Chou MD

Corneal Specialist

Nassau University Medical Center,

Cornea Division

Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island

Rockville Center NY

USA

211 Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis

Stephen P. Christiansen MD

Professor of Ophthalmology and

Pediatrics

Director, Pediatric Ophththalmology

and Adult Strabismus

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Minnesota

Minneapolis MN

USA

68 Tyrosinemia II

222 Convergence Insufﬁciency

xviii

Kelly D. Chung MD	Emmett T. Cunningham Jr MD, PhD,	Daniel de la Mano MD
Assistant Professor, Ophthalmology	MPH	Consultant Dermatologist
Casey Eye Institute	Director, The Uveitis Service	Dermatology Department
Portland OR	California Paciﬁc Medical Center	Hospital San Agustín
USA	San Francisco, CA	Avilés-Asturias
298 Adults Cataracts	and Adjunct Clinical Professor	Spain
George A. Ciofﬁ MD	Department of Ophthalmology	87 Psoriasis
George A. Ciofﬁ MD	Stanford University School of Medicine
Chairman, Devers Eye Institute	Stanford CA	Nick W. H. M. Dekkers MD, PhD
Clinical Vice President of	USA	Formerly, Ophthalmologist
Ophthalmology	24 Leptospirosis	St Elizabeth Hospital
Legacy Health System and Professor of	Theodore H. Curtis MD	Tilburg
Ophthalmology	Theodore H. Curtis MD	The Netherlands
Oregon Health and Science University	Fellow	45 Rubeola
Portland OR	Oregon Health and Science University
USA	Casey Eye Institute	Monte Anthony Del Monte MD
268 Malignant Glaucoma	Portland OR	Skillman Professor of Pediatric
282 Iris Bombé	USA	Ophthalmology
Michael P. Clarke MBBChir, DO,	52 Typhoid Fever	Professor of Pediatrics and
Michael P. Clarke MBBChir, DO,	130 Juvenile Xanthogranuloma	Communicable Diseases
FRCS, FRCOphth	229 Nystagmus	Director of Pediatric Ophthalmology
Reader in Ophthalmology	Roger A. Dailey MD, FACS	and Strabismus
University of Newcastle	Roger A. Dailey MD, FACS	WK Kellogg Eye Center and Mott
Claremont Wing Eye Department	Professor of Ophthalmic Facial Plastic	Children’s Hospital
Royal Victoria Inﬁrmary	Surgery	University of Michigan
Newcastle Upon Tyne	Lester T. Jones Endowed Chair	Ann Arbor MI
UK	Director, Oculofacial Plastic Surgery	USA
218 Basic and Intermittent Exotropia	Division	105 Sturge–Weber Syndrome
David K. Coats MD	Oregon Health and Science University
David K. Coats MD	Casey Eye Institute	David A. Della Rocca MD
Professor of Ophthalmology and	Portland OR	New York Eye and Ear Inﬁrmary
Pediatrics	USA	Department of Oculoplastics
Baylor College of Medicine	148 Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma	St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center
Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology	238 Entropion	Department of Ophthalmology
Houston TX	239 Epicanthus	New York NY
USA	244 Lagophthalmos	USA
289 Congenital Anomalies of the	248 Marcus Gunn Syndrome	240 Eyelid Contusions, Lacerations and
Lacrimal System	250 Orbital Fat Herniation	Avulsions
Elisabeth J. Cohen MD	326 Orbital Graves’ Disease
Elisabeth J. Cohen MD	Richard M. Davis MD	Robert C. Della Rocca MD, FACS
Director, Cornea Service	Richard M. Davis MD	Chairman of Ophthalmology
Wills Eye Institute	Professor and Chair	St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center
Professor of Ophthalmology	Department of Ophthalmology	Chief of Oculoplastic Surgery
Jefferson Medical College	University of South Carolina School of	The New York Eye and Ear Inﬁrmary
Philadelphia PA	Medicine	New York NY
USA	Columbia SC	USA
281 Iridocorneal-endothelial Syndrome	USA	240 Eyelid Contusions, Lacerations and
R. Max Conway MBBS, PhD,	190 Corneal Mucous Plaques	Avulsions
R. Max Conway MBBS, PhD,		Deepinder K. Dhaliwal MD
FRANZCO	Romain De Cock MBChB, FRCS,	Deepinder K. Dhaliwal MD
Director	FRCOphth	Associate Professor, Ophthalmology
Sydney Ocular Oncology Center	Consultant Ophthalmologist	Eye and Ear Institute
University of Sydney	Ophthalmology Clinic	Pittsburgh PA
Sydney NSW	Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother	USA
Australia	Hospital	39 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
284 Iris Melanoma	Margate Kent	Diana V. Do MD
Catherine Creuzot-Garcher MD, PhD	UK	Diana V. Do MD
Catherine Creuzot-Garcher MD, PhD	182 Ligneous Conjunctivitis	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Head, Department of Ophthalmology	Jan-Tjeerd H. N. de Faber MD	Wilmer Eye Institute
Professor	Jan-Tjeerd H. N. de Faber MD	Johns Hopkins University School of
University of Burgundy	Pediatric Ophthalmologist	Medicine
Dijon	The Rotterdam Eye Hospital	Baltimore MD
France	Rotterdam	USA
111 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease	The Netherlands	34 Ocular Histoplasmosis
	109 Chronic Progressive External	99 Uveitis Associated with Juvenile
	Ophthalmoplegia	Idiopathic Arthritis
	110 Cluster Headache

Contributors

xix

Contributors

Peter J. Dolman MD, FRCSC	Robert A. Egan MD	Teodoro Evans MD
Clinical Professor, Ophthalmology	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology,	Vitreoretinal Fellow
UBC Eye Care Centre	Neurology and Neurosurgery	Institute of Ocular Surgery
Vancouver BC	Casey Eye Institute	University of Costa Rica
Canada	Portland OR	San Jose
323 Orbital Inﬂammatory Syndromes	USA	Costa Rica
Sean P. Donahue MD, PhD	49 Tetanus	57 Coenurosis
Sean P. Donahue MD, PhD	138 Meningioma
Professor of Pediatric Ophthalmology	Michael D. Eichler MD	Julie Falardeau MD, FRCSC
and Adult Strabismus	Michael D. Eichler MD	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Vanderbilt Eye Center	Staff Ophthalmologist	Casey Eye Institute
Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Eye Surgeons and Physicians, PA	Portland OR
Nashville TN	St. Cloud Hospital	USA
USA	St. Cloud MN	127 Ewing’s Sarcoma
6 Bacillus Species Infections	USA	311 Compressive Optic Neuropathies
33 Ocular Candidiasis	136 Lymphoid Tumors
Eric D. Donnenfeld MD, FACS	Mays El-Dairi MD	Bishara M. Faris MD, FACS
Eric D. Donnenfeld MD, FACS	Mays El-Dairi MD	Lecturer on Ophthalmology, Harvard
Founding Partner, Ophthalmic	Chief Resident	Faculty of Medicine
Consultants of Long Island	Department of Ophthamology	Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology
Co-Director, Cornea Division	American University Beirut	Department of Ophthalmology
Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital	Beirut	Boston University School of Medicine
New York NY	Lebanon	Westboro MA
USA	79 Hyperlipoproteinemia	USA
211 Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis	Forrest J. Ellis MD	346 Scleral Staphylomas and
Graham Duguid MD, BMedBiol,	Forrest J. Ellis MD	Dehiscences
Graham Duguid MD, BMedBiol,	Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and
FRCS	Ophthalmology	Marianne E. Feitl MD
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon	Director, Pediatric Ophthalmology	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Western Eye Hospital	Rainbow Babies and Children’s	and Visual Science
London	Hospital	Department of Ophthalmology and
UK	Case Western Reserve University	Visual Science
339 Retinal Detachment	School of Medicine	University of Chicago Hospitals
Jay S. Duker MD	Cleveland OH	Chicago
Jay S. Duker MD	USA	USA
Director, New England Eye Center	221 Congenital Fibrosis of the	266 Juvenile Glaucoma
Chairman and Professor of	Extraocular Muscles
Ophthalmology	Geoffrey Emerson MD, PhD	Warren L. Felton III MD
Tufts New England Medical Center	Geoffrey Emerson MD, PhD	Professor and Associate Chair of
Tufts University School of Medicine	Resident	Clinical Activities
Boston MA	Department of Ophthalmology	Department of Neurology
USA	The Wilmer Eye Institute	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
308 Macular Hole	Baltimore MD	Chair, Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology
James P. Dunn Jr MD	USA	Virginia Commonwealth University
James P. Dunn Jr MD	334 Diffuse Unilateral Subacute	Richmond VA
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Neuroretinitis	USA
Director, Division of Ocular Immunology	M. Vaughn Emerson MD	129 Hodgkin’s Disease
The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute	M. Vaughn Emerson MD	Stephen S. Feman MD, FACS
Baltimore MD	Fellow	Stephen S. Feman MD, FACS
USA	Department of Ophthalmology	Davisson Professor of Ophthalmology
310 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Reiter’s	Oregon Health and Science University	Department of Ophthalmology
Disease	Portland OR	St Louis University School of Medicine
Steven P. Dunn MD	USA	St Louis MO
Steven P. Dunn MD	328 Acquired Retinoschisis	USA
Michigan Cornea Consultants	343 Subretinal Neovascular Membranes	82 The Thalassemias
Southﬁeld MI	Laura B. Enyedi MD	Timothy J ffytche LVO, FRCS,
USA	Laura B. Enyedi MD	Timothy J ffytche LVO, FRCS,
89 Amyloidosis	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology	FRCOphth
Hon-Vu Q. Duong MD	and Pediatrics	Consultant Ophthalmologist
Hon-Vu Q. Duong MD	Department of Ophthalmology	Formerly, The London Clinic
Attending Ophthamlogist	Duke University Eye Center	Harley Street
Westﬁeld Eye Centre	Durham NC	London
Las Vegas NV	USA	UK
USA	220 Congenital Esotropia	23 Leprosy
81 Sickle Cell Disease
122 Basal Cell Carcinoma

Christina J. Flaxel MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Casey Eye Institute

Portland OR

USA

340 Retinal Venous Obstruction

Rod Foroozan MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston TX

USA

119 Tolosa–Hunt Syndrome

Allen Foster OBE, FRCS

Professor

Clinical Research Unit

London School of Hygiene and Tropical

Medicine

London

50 Trachoma

Frederick T. Fraunfelder MD

Professor

Department of Ophthalmology

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland OR

USA

153 Electrical Injury

Frederick W. Fraunfelder MD

Associate Professor Department of Ophthalmology

Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR

USA

124 Conjunctival or Corneal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

149 Squamous Cell Carcinoma

297 Uveoparotid Fever

H. Mackenzie Freeman MD

Associate Clinical Professor

Harvard University Faculty of Medicine

Retina Specialists of Boston

Boston MA

USA

346 Scleral Staphylomas and

Dehiscences

Mitchell H. Friedlaender MD

Head, Division of Ophthalmology

Director, Scripps Clinic Laser Vision

Center

La Jolla CA

USA

88 Urticaria and Hereditary

Angioedema

Larry P. Frohman MD

Professor of Ophthalmology & Visual

Sciences and Neurology &

Neurosciences

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Medicine and Dentistry of

New Jersey

New Jersey Medical School

Newark NJ

USA

96 Scleroderma

Wayne E. Fung MD

Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology

California Paciﬁc Medical Center

Paciﬁc Eye Associates

San Francisco CA

USA

306 Cystoid Macular Edema

Philippe Gain MD, PhD

Professor of Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Saint-Etienne

France

1 Acinetobacter

157 Intraocular Foreign Body: Steel or Iron

Jaime R. Gaitan MD

Department of Ophthalmology

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute

University of Miami School of Medicine

Miami FL

USA

28 Moraxella

Stephen Gancher MD, FAAN

Adjunct Associate Professor

Department of Neurology

Oregon Health and Science University

and Staff Neurologist

Kaiser Permanente

Portland OR

USA

118 Parkinson’s Disease

Tim Gard MD

Clinical Instructor, Ophthalmology

Oregon Health and Science University

Hillsboro Eye Clinic

Hillsboro OR

USA

309 Solar Retinopathy

Devin M. Gattey MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Casey Eye Institute

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland OR

USA

301 Dislocation of the Lens

Peter L. Gehlbach MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Wilmer Eye Institute

Johns Hopkins University School of

Medicine

Baltimore MD

USA

156 Intraocular Foreign Body:

Nonmagnetic, Chemically Inert

Mehdi Ghajarnia MD

Cornea Fellow

John A Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City, UT

USA

39 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Vinícius Coral Ghanem MD

Ophthalmologist

Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital

Santa Catarina

Brazil

86 Ocular Rosacea

Amit Kumar Ghosh MD, FACP

Associate Professor of Medicine

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester MN

USA

116 Multiple Sclerosis

Chandak Ghosh MD, MPH

Medical Consultant for Federal Policy US Department of Health and Human Services

Health Resources and Services Administration

New York NY USA

17 Haemophilus inﬂuenzae

Matthew Giegengack MD

Fellow

Casey Eye Institute

Portland OR

USA

273 Phacanaphylactic Endophthalmitis

Geoffrey Gladstone MD, FAACS

Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology

Michigan State University School of

Medicine

Southﬁeld, MI

USA

254 Xanthelasma

Daniel H. Gold MD, FRCOphth

Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology

University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston TX

USA

and Visiting Lecturer

Tel Aviv University Sackler Medical

School

Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center

Tel Aviv

Israel

95 Sarcoidosis

Contributors

xxi

Contributors

Richard L. Golub MD

Pediatric Ophthalmology Fellow

Storm Eye Institute / MUSC

Charleston SC

USA

227 Inferior Rectus Muscle Palsy

Dan S. Gombos MD, FACS

Associate Professor, Section of

Ophthalmology

Department of Head & Neck Surgery

The University of Texas

MD Anderson Cancer Center

Houston TX

USA

304 Traumatic Cataract

George M. Gombos MD, FACS

Professor Emeritus

State University of New York

Health Science Center at Brooklyn

Chief, Section of Ophthalmology,

Department of Surgery

New York Harbor Health Science

Center – Brooklyn

Veterans Administration Hospital

Brooklyn NY

USA

304 Traumatic Cataract

William V. Good MD

Senior Scientist

Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute

San Francisco CA

USA

183 Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Shawn Goodman MD

Ophthalmologist

Child Eye Care Associates

Lake Oswego OR

USA

224 Duane’s Retraction Syndrome

John D. Gottsch MD

Margaret C. Mosher Professor of

Ophthalmology

Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute

The Johns Hopkins Hospital

Baltimore MD

USA

13 Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

Srinivas Goverdhan MD, FRCS(Ed)

Specialist Registrar in Ophthalmology

Southampton Eye Unit

Southampton University Hospitals

Southampton

84 Contact Dermatitis

Baird S. Grimson MD

Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill NC

USA

120 Trigeminal Neuralgia

Adolfo Güemes MD

Professor of Ophthalmology

Consultores Oftalmológicos

Montevideo

Buenos Aires

Argentina

303 Microspherophakia

Roberto Guerra MD

Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Modena and Reggio

Emilia School of Medicine

Modena

Italy

313 Drug-induced Optic Atrophy

Julia A. Haller MD

Robert Bond Welch Professor of

Opthalmology

Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute

Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions

Baltimore MD

USA

166 Intraocular Epithelial Cysts

Kristin M. Hammersmith MD

Instructor, Jefferson Medical College

Thomas Jefferson University

and Assistant Surgeon, Cornea Service

Wills Eye Hospital

and Director, Cornea Fellowship

Program

Wills Eye Institute

Philadelphia PA

USA

210 Schnyder’s Crystalline Corneal

Dystrophy

Irvin L. Handelman MD

Retina Northwest

Portland OR

USA

352 Vitreous Hemorrhage

Roderick N. Hargrove MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Tennesse

Memphis TN

USA

123 Capillary Hemangioma

Michael S. Harney MD, MB,

FRCSI(ORL)

Specialist Registrar in Otolaryngology

Department of Otolaryngology

RCSI Education and Research Centre

Beaumont Hospital

Dublin

Ireland

107 Bell’s Palsy

Richard A. Harper MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Little Rock AR USA

158 Iris Lacerations, Iris Holes and Iridodialysis

Sarah R. Hatt DBO

Research Orthoptist

Ophthalmology Research

Mayo Clinic

Rochester MN

USA

218 Basic and Intermittent Exotropia

Barbara S. Hawkins PhD

Professor of Ophthalmology and

Epidemiology

Wilmer Eye Institute, Clinical Trials and

Biometry

Johns Hopkins University School of

Medicine

Baltimore MD

USA

34 Ocular Histoplasmosis

Sohan S. Hayreh MD, MS, PhD, DSc,

FRCS(Edin), FRCS(Eng),

FRCOphth

Professor Emeritus of Ophthalmology

and Director Ocular Vascular

Department of Ophthalmology and

Visual Sciences

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Iowa City IA

USA

98 Giant Cell Arteritis

Arnd Heiligenhaus MD

Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

St. Franziskus Hospital

Münster

Germany

83 Atopic Dermatitis

Carsten Heinz MD

Department of Ophthalmology

St Franziskus Hospital

Münster

Germany

83 Atopic Dermatitis

Leon W. Herndon MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Duke University Eye Center

Durham NC USA

261 Glaucoma Associated with Anterior Uveitis

xxii

Simon J. Hickman MA, PhD,	Richard B. Hornick MD, MACP	Robert A. Hyndiuk MD
MBBChir, MRCP	Clinical Professor of Medicine	Professor Emeritus
Consultant Neurologist and	University of Florida School of Medicine	Department of Ophthalmology
Neuro-Ophthalmologist	and Florida State University School of	Medical College of Wisconsin
Department of Neurology	Medicine	Milwaukee WI
Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Orlando FL	USA
Shefﬁeld	USA	46 Sporotrichosis
UK	40 Q Fever
314 Inﬂammatory Optic Neuropathies	H. Dunbar Hoskins Jr MD	Ozge Ilhan-Sarac MD
316 Optic Neuritis	H. Dunbar Hoskins Jr MD	Fellow in Ophthalomolgy
Koji Hirano MD, PhD	Executive Vice President	Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye
Koji Hirano MD, PhD	American Academy of Ophthalmology	Clinic
Professor	San Francisco CA	The Wilmer Eye Institute
Department of Ophthalmology	USA	The John Hopkins School of Medicine
Ban-Buntane Hotokukai Hospital	260 Exfoliation Syndrome	Baltimore MD
Fujita Health University	James W. Hung MD	USA
Nagoya	James W. Hung MD	347 Scleritis
Japan	Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston
78 Fabry Disease	Boston MA	Edsel Ing MD, FRCSC
Edward J. Holland MD	USA	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Edward J. Holland MD	170 Choroidal Detachment	University of Toronto Ophthalmology
Director, Cornea Services	Brian A. Hunter MD	Toronto East General Hospital
Professor of Ophthalmology	Brian A. Hunter MD	Toronto ON
University of Cincinnati	Ocular Pathology Fellow	Canada
Cincinnati Eye Institute N.KY	Morgan Eye Center	41 Rabies
Edgewood KY	University of Utah
USA	Salt Lake City UT	Masanori Ino-ue MD, PhD
203 Macular Corneal Dystrophy	USA	Associate Director
Gary N. Holland MD	255 Anophthalmos	Chairman in Ophthalmology
Gary N. Holland MD	Krista A. Hunter MD	Kohnan Hospital
Vernon O. Underwood Family Professor	Krista A. Hunter MD	Kobe
of Medicine	Pediatric Fellow	Japan
Chief, Cornea and Uveitis Division	Department of Ophthalmology	287 Rubeosis Iridis
Department of Ophthalmology	Oregon Health and Science University
David Geffen School of Medicine at	Casey Eye Institute	Carlos M. Isada MD
UCLA	Portland OR	The Cleveland Clinic
Jules Stein Eye Institute	USA	Cleveland OH
Los Angeles CA	226 Extraocular Muscle Lacerations	USA
USA	300 Congenital and Infantile Cataracts	16 Gonococcal Ocular Disease
63 Toxoplasmosis
Eric R. Holz MD	Alex P. Hunyor MBBS, FRANZCO,	Saylin Iturriaga MD
Eric R. Holz MD	FRACS	Institute of Ocular Surgery
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology	Vitreoretinal Surgeon	San José
Baylor College of Medicine	Sydney Eye Hospital	Costa Rica
Houston TX	Sydney	57 Coenurosis
USA	Australia	Joseph D. Iuorno MD
256 Bacterial Endophthalmitis	307 Epimacular Proliferation	Joseph D. Iuorno MD
257 Fungal Endophthalmitis	349Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy	Clinical Instructor
Sachiko Hommura MD, PhD		Department of Ophthalmology
Sachiko Hommura MD, PhD	Brian Hurwitz MD, FRCP, FRCGP	University of Minnesota
Assistant Professor	General Practitioner	Minneapolis MN
Department of Ophthalmology	and Professor of Medicine and the Arts	USA
University Hospital of Tsukuba	King’s College London	198 Granular Corneal Dystrophy
Ibaraki	London	Andrew G. Iwach MD
Japan	UK	Andrew G. Iwach MD
173 Expulsive Hemorrhage	177 Bacterial Conjunctivitis	Associate Clinical Professor of
Jeffrey D. Horn MD		Ophthalmology
Jeffrey D. Horn MD	Thomas S. Hwang MD	University of California, San Francisco
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology	Glaucoma Center of San Francisco
Department of Ophthalmology and	Casey Eye Institute	San Francisco CA
Visual Sciences	Portland OR	USA
Vanderbilt Eye Institute	USA	260 Exfoliation Syndrome
Nashville TN	305 Age-related Macular Degeneration
USA	330 Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
7 Blastomycosis	335 Eales Disease

Contributors

xxiii

Contributors

Mohan N. Iyer MD	Peter R. Kastl MD, PhD	Sangeeta Khanna MD
Fellow, Vitreoretinal Diseases and	Professor of Ophthalmology and	Fellow, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Surgery	Biochemistry	Division of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology Department	Department of Ophthalmology	Case Western Reserve University
Baylor College of Medicine	Tulane University School of Medicine	MetroHealth Medical Center
Houston TX	New Orleans LA	Cleveland OH
USA	USA	USA
256 Bacterial Endophthalmitis	199 Juvenile Corneal Epithelial	47 Staphylococcus
Natalio J. Izquierdo MD	Dystrophy	73 Mucopolysaccharidosis II
Natalio J. Izquierdo MD	Garyfallia Katsavounidou MS	74 Mucopolysacccharidosis III
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Garyfallia Katsavounidou MS	Peng Tee Khaw PhD, FRCP, FRCS,
Medical Sciences	Graduate Student	Peng Tee Khaw PhD, FRCP, FRCS,
University of Puerto Rico	Department of Architecture and Design	FRCOphth, FIBiol, FRCPath, FMedSci
San Juan	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Professor of Glaucoma and Ocular
Puerto Rico	Boston MA	Healing
102 Down Syndrome	USA	Paediatric Glaucoma Unit
Lee M. Jampol MD	278 Aniridia	Moorﬁelds Eye Hospital
Lee M. Jampol MD	Ayat Kazerouni BS, BA	London
Louis Feinberg Professor and Chairman	Ayat Kazerouni BS, BA	UK
Department of Ophthalmology	Back Ofﬁce Supervisor	265 Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Northwestern University Medical	Ophthalomogy	James L. Kinyoun MD
School	Tayani Eye Institute	James L. Kinyoun MD
Chicago IL	San Clemente CA	Professor of Ophthalmology
USA	USA	Department of Ophthalmology
162 Hypertension	46 Sporotrichosis	University of Washington
Suzanne Johnston MD	Michael Kazim MD	Seattle WA
Suzanne Johnston MD	Michael Kazim MD	USA
Chief Resident	Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology	100 Wegener Granulomatosis
Eastern Virgina Medical School	and Surgery	Caitriona Kirwan MB, MRCOphth
Norfolk VA	Department of Ophthalmology	Caitriona Kirwan MB, MRCOphth
USA	Columbia University	Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology
8 Brucellosis	New York NY	Mater Private Hospital
Sibel Kadayifçilar MD	USA	Dublin
Sibel Kadayifçilar MD	135 Lymphangioma	Ireland
Professor of Ophthalmology	Sanjay R. Kedhar MD	137 Medulloepithelioma
Department of Ophthalmology	Sanjay R. Kedhar MD	Tero Kivelä MD, FEBO
Hacettepe University	Clinical Instructor of Ophthalmology	Tero Kivelä MD, FEBO
Ankara	Division of Ocular Immunology	Professor of Ophthalmology
Turkey	The Wilmer Eye Institute	Department of Ophthalmology
94 Rheumatoid Arthritis	Johns Hopkins School of Medicine	Helsinki University Central Hospital
Ian H. Kaden MD	Baltimore MD	Helsinki
Ian H. Kaden MD	USA	Finland
Morristown Memorial Hospital	310 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Reiter’s	146 Periocular Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Randolph NJ	Disease	Michael L. Klein MD
USA	Ronald V. Keech MD	Michael L. Klein MD
30 Mumps	Ronald V. Keech MD	Professor of Ophthalmology
Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo MD,	Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology	Director, Macular Degeneration Center
Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo MD,	Department of Ophthalmology	Casey Eye Institute
PhD	University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics	Portland OR
Professor of Ophthalmology	Iowa City IA	USA
Department of Ophthalmology	USA	305 Age-related Macular Degeneration
University of Kinshasa	223 Dissociated Vertical Deviation	330 Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Kinshasa		335 Eales Disease
Democratic Republic of Congo	Robert C. Kersten MD	Stephen A. Klotz MD
51 Tuberculosis	Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology	Stephen A. Klotz MD
Rashmis Kapur MD	Department of Ophthalmology	Professor of Medicine
Rashmis Kapur MD	University of Cincinnati	Section of Infectious Diseases
Resident in Ophthalmology	College of Medicine	University of Arizona
Department of Ophthalmology and	Cincinnati OH	Tuscon AZ
Visual Sciences	USA	USA
University of Illinois at Chicago	140 Mucocele	10 Coccidioidomycosis
Chicago IL	Marshall P. Keys MD, PA
USA	Marshall P. Keys MD, PA
189 Corneal Edema	Ophthalmologist in Private Practice
	Rockville MD
	USA
	112 Dyslexia

xxiv

John Ko MD, FACS	Peter R. Laibson MD	Russell LeBoyer MD
Clinical Assistant Professor	Professor of Ophthalmology	Department of Ophthalmology
Department of Ophthalmology	Jefferson Medical College	Baylor College of Medicine
Michigan Wayne State University	Thomas Jefferson University	Houston TX
Hospital	and Director Emeritus, Cornea Service	USA
Detroit MI	Wills Eye Institute	119 Tolosa–Hunt Syndrome
and Clinical Instructor	Philadelphia PA
William Beaumont Hospital	USA	Andrew G. Lee MD
Loyal Oak MI	193 Epithelial Basement Membrane	Professor of Ophthalmology, Neurology
USA	Dystrophy	and Neurosurgery
240 Eyelid Contusions, Lacerations and	210 Schnyder’s Crystalline Corneal	University of Iowa Hospitals
Avulsions	Dystrophy	Iowa City IA
Regis P. Kowalski MS, [M]ASCP	Rohit R. Lakhanpal MD	USA
Regis P. Kowalski MS, [M]ASCP	Rohit R. Lakhanpal MD	106 Acquired Inﬂammatory
Associate Research Professor of	Clinical Assistant Professor of	Demyelinating Neuropathies
Ophthalmology	Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Ophthalmic Microbiology	Vitreoretinal Surgery Service	Wen-Hsiang Lee MD, PhD
The Eye and Ear Institute	Department of Ophthalmology	Clinical Fellow, Retina Division
Pittsburgh PA	University of Maryland School of	Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute
USA	Medicine	Johns Hopkins University School of
39 Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Practice Partner	Medicine, Baltimore MD
Jay H. Krachmer MD	Eye Consultants of Maryland	and Assistant Professor of Clinical
Jay H. Krachmer MD	Owings Mills MD	Ophthalmology
Professor; Head, Department of	USA	Vitreoretinal Service
Ophthalmology	257 Fungal Endophthalmitis	Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
Department of Ophthalmology	Byron L. Lam MD	University of Miami School of Medicine
University of Minnesota	Byron L. Lam MD	Miami, FL
Minneapolis MN	Professor, Department of	USA
USA	Ophthalmology	166 Intraocular Epithelial Cysts
89 Amyloidosis	Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
198 Granular Corneal Dystrophy	Miami FL	William Barry Lee MD, FACS
Theodore Krupin MD	USA	Consultant
Theodore Krupin MD	43 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever	Eye Consultants of Atlanta
Professor of Ophthalmology	245 Lid Myokymia	Piedmont Hospital
Northwestern University	Laurent Lamer MD, FRCS(c)	Atlanta GA
Chicago IL	Laurent Lamer MD, FRCS(c)	USA
USA	Associate Professor	160 Shaken Baby Syndrome
266 Juvenile Glaucoma	Department of Ophthalmology	216 Accommodative Esotropia
Ferenc Kuhn MD, PhD	University of Montreal
Ferenc Kuhn MD, PhD	Montreal, Quebec	Sharon S. Lehman MD
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Canada	Clinical Assistant Professor of
Department of Ophthalmology	31 Newcastle Disease	Ophthalmology and Pediatrics
University of Alabama at Birmingham	David P. Lawlor MD	Jefferson Medical College
School of Medicine	David P. Lawlor MD	Division Chief, Ophthalmology
and President , American Society of	Ophthalmologist	A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
Ocular Trauma	Private Practice	Wilmington DE
Birmingham AL	Newport VT	USA
USA	USA	85 Erythema Multiforme Major
154 Management of Screral Ruptures	302 Lenticonus and Lentiglobus
and Lacerations	Andrew W. Lawton MD	Howard M. Leibowitz MD
Abhaya Vivek Kulkarni MD, PhD,	Andrew W. Lawton MD	Sherwood J. and H. Lorene Tarlow
Abhaya Vivek Kulkarni MD, PhD,	Clinical Associate Professor of	Professor of Ophthalmology
FRCSC	Ophthalmology	Chairman of the Department, Emeritus
Consultant Neurosurgeon	University of Tennessee, Memphis	Department of Ophthalmology
Division of Neurosurgery	Little Rock Eye Clinic	Boston University School of Medicine
Hospital for Sick Children	Little Rock AR	Boston MA
Toronto, Ontario	USA	USA
Canada	317 Papilledema	38 Proteus
125 Craniopharyngioma		James Leong MMed(OphthSc)
	Alan B. Leahey MD	James Leong MMed(OphthSc)
Robert C. Kwun MD	Lehigh Valley Eye Center	MBBS(Hons)
Partner	Allentown PA	Ophthalmology Regsitrar
Retina Associates of Utah	USA	Sydney Eye Hospital
Salt Lake City UT	27 Molluscum Contagiosum	Sydney NSW
USA		Australia
169 Angioid Streaks		37 Propionibacterium acnes

Contributors

xxv

Contributors

Alex V. Levin MD, MHSc, FAAP,	Richard D. Lisman MD, FACS	Srilakshmi Maguluri MD
FAAO, FRCSC	Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology	Clinical Instructor and Retina Fellow
Associate Professor	New York University School of	Department of Ophthalmology and
Department of Pediatrics, Genetics &	Medicine	Visual Sciences
Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences	Surgeon Director, Manhattan Eye, Ear &	Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department	Throat Hospital	Nashville TN
University of Toronto	New York NY	USA
Ontario, Toronto	USA	33 Ocular Candidiasis
Canada	321 External Orbital Fractures
77 Mucopolysaccharidosis VII	322 Internal Orbital Fractures	M. Maliki MD
Leonard A. Levin MD, PhD	David Litoff MD	Specialist in Anatomy Pathology
Leonard A. Levin MD, PhD	David Litoff MD	Department of Anatomy Pathology
Canada Research Chair	Chief of Ophthalmology	Ibn Sina Hospital Rabat
Department of Ophthalmology	Kaiser Permanente Colorado	Rabat
University of Montreal	Assistant Clinical Professor of	Morocco
Montreal, Canada	Ophthalmology	131 Kaposi’s Sarcoma
and Professor	University of Colorado
Department of Ophthalmology and	Boulder CO	Nick Mamalis MD
Visual Sciences	USA	Professor of Ophthalmology
University of Wisconsin	285 Iris Prolapse	John A Moran Eye Center
Madison WI	James C. Liu MD, MBA	Department of Ophthalmology and
USA	James C. Liu MD, MBA	Visual Sciences
318 Traumatic Optic Neuropathy	Chairman of Ophthalmology	University of Utah
Mark R. Levine MD, FACS	Department	Salt Lake City UT
Mark R. Levine MD, FACS	Good Samaritan Hospital	USA
Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology	San Jose CA	255 Anophthalmos
Case Western Reserve School of	USA
Medicine	187 Conjunctival, Corneal or Scleral	Mark J. Mannis MD, FACS
Cleveland OH	Cysts	Professor and Chairman
USA	Evan Loft MD	Department of Ophthalmology
159 Orbital Implant Extrusion	Evan Loft MD	University of California, Davis
Norman S. Levy MD, PhD	Resident Physician in Ophthalmology	Sacramento CA
Norman S. Levy MD, PhD	Emory Eye Center	USA
Director	Emory University	86 Ocular Rosacea
Florida Ophthalmic Institute	Atlanta GA
Gainesville FL	USA	Steven L. Mansberger MD, MPH
USA	235 Blepharoconjunctivitis	Associate Scientist, Devers Eye
141 Neurilemoma	Ronald R. Lubritz MD, FACP	Institute
Thomas J. Liesegang MD	Ronald R. Lubritz MD, FACP	Legacy Health System
Thomas J. Liesegang MD	Clinical Professor of Medicine	Adjunct Assistant Professor
Professor of Ophthalmology	(Dermatology)	Department of Ophthalmology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine	Tulane Medical Center New Orleans, LA	Clinical Assistant Scientist
Jacksonville FL	Hattiesburg Clinic	Department of Public Health and
USA	Hattiesburg MS	Preventative Medicine
53 Varicella and Herpes Zoster	USA	Oregon Health and Science University
280 Fuchs’ Heterochromic Iridocyclitis	121 Actinic and Seborrheic Keratosis	Portland OR
Lyndell L. Lim MBBS, FRANZCO	David C. W. Mabey DM, FRCP	USA
Lyndell L. Lim MBBS, FRANZCO	David C. W. Mabey DM, FRCP	271 Ocular Hypotony
Mankiewicz-Zelkin Crock Fellow	Professor, Clinical Research Unit
Centre for Eye Research Australia	London School of Hygiene & Tropical	Ahmad M. Mansour MD
University of Melbourne	Medicine	Clinical Professor
East Melbourne, Victoria	London	Department of Ophthalmology
Australia	UK	AUB American University of Beirut
344 White Dot Syndromes	50 Trachoma	Beirut
Linda H. Lin MD	Ian A. Mackie MBChB, DO, FRCS,	Lebanon
Linda H. Lin MD	Ian A. Mackie MBChB, DO, FRCS,	79 Hyperlipoproteinemia
Ophthalmologist, Glaucoma Specialist	FCOphth
Private Practice	Consulting Ophthalmologist	Alexandre S. Marcon MD
Houston TX	Harley Street	Director, Cornea Service and Medical
USA	London	Director
180 Filtering Blebs and Associated	UK	Santa Casa de Porto Alegre Eye Bank
Problems	205 Neuroparalytic Keratitis	Porto Alegre RS
		Brazil
		192 Detachment of Descemet’s
		Membrane
		203 Macular Corneal Dystrophy

xxvi

Italo M. Marcon MD	Rex M. McCallum MD	Douglas L. Meier MD
Ophthalmologist in Chief	Professor of Medicine	Ophthalmologist
Santa Casa de Porto Alegre University	Duke University School of Medicine	Department of Ophthalmology
Hospital	Durham NC	The Portland Clinic
Professor of Ophthalmology	USA	Portland OR
Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas	91 Cogan Syndrome	USA
— FFFCMPA	Peter McCluskey MD,	202 Lattice Corneal Dystrophy
Porto Alegre RS	Peter McCluskey MD,
Brazil	FRANZCO,FRACS	David M. Meisler MD, FACS
192 Detachment of Descemet’s	Professor of Ophthalmology	Professor of Opthalmology
Membrane	Department of Ophthalmology	Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of
203 Macular Corneal Dystrophy	Liverpool Hospital	Medicine
Peter B. Marsh MD	Liverpool NSW	Cole Eye Institute
Peter B. Marsh MD	Australia	Cleveland OH
Kaiser Permanente	37 Propionibacterium acnes	USA
Clackamas Eye Care	Gregory J. McCormick MD	16 Gonococcal Ocular Disease
Portland OR	Gregory J. McCormick MD
USA	Fellow, Cornea and Refractive Surgery	Saul C. Merin MD
252 Seborrheic Blepharitis	University of Rochester Eye Institute	Professor of Ophthalmology
Rookaya Mather MD, MBBCh,	Rochester NY	Department of Ophthalmology
Rookaya Mather MD, MBBCh,	USA	Hadassah Hebrew University Medical
FRCS(C), DABO	348 Scleromalacia Perforans	Center
Assistant Professor	Steven A. McCormick MD	Jerusalem
Department of Ophthalmology	Steven A. McCormick MD	Israel
University of Western Ontario	Director	341 Retinitis Pigmentosa
London, Ontario	Department of Pathology
Canada	The New York Eye and Ear Inﬁrmary	Dale R. Meyer MD
48 Streptococcus	New York NY	Director, Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery
William D. Mathers MD	USA	Professor of Ophthalmology
William D. Mathers MD	249 Melanocytic Lesions of the Eyelids	Lions Eye Institute
Professor of Ophthalmology	James P. McCulley MD, FACS,	Albany Medical Center
Department of Ophthalmology	James P. McCulley MD, FACS,	Albany NY
Oregon Health and Science University	FRCOphth	USA
Casey Eye Institute	Professor and Chairman of	246 Lid Retraction
Portland OR	Ophthalmology
USA	Department of Ophthalmology	Roger F. Meyer MD
59 Demodicosis	UT Southwestern Medical Center	Professor Emeritus of Ophthalmology
62 Pediculosis and Phthiriasis	Dallas TX	University of Michigan
K. Matti Saari MD, MedScD, FEBO	USA	Ann Arbor MI
K. Matti Saari MD, MedScD, FEBO	150 Acid Burns	USA
Professor and Chairman	John G. McHenry MD, MPH	30 Mumps
Department of Ophthalmology	John G. McHenry MD, MPH
Institute of Clinical Sciences	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Kevin S. Michels MD
University of Turku	Department of Ophthalmology	Ophthalmology Resident
Tampere	UT Southwestern Medical Center at	Department of Ophthalmology
Finland	Dallas	Oregon Health and Science University
54 Yersiniosis	Dallas TX	Portland OR
Louise A. Mawn MD, FACS	USA	USA
Louise A. Mawn MD, FACS	319 Vasculopathic Optic Neuropathies	243 Hordeolum
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology		Tatyana Milman, MD, FAAO
and Neorological Surgery	Alan A. McNab MBBS, FRANZCO	Tatyana Milman, MD, FAAO
Director, Ophthalmic Plastic and	Director, Orbital Plastic and Lacrimal	Department of Pathology
Reconstructive Surgery	Clinic	Wills Eye Hospital
Vanderbilt Eye Institute	St Vincents Private Hospital	Thomas Jefferson University
Vanderbilt University Medical Centre	Fitzroy	Philadelphia PA
Nashville TN	Australia	USA
USA	134 Liposarcoma	249 Melanocytic Lesions of the Eyelids
293 Lacrimal System Contusions and		Roni Mintz MD
Lacerations	Jared J. Mee MBBS	Roni Mintz MD
Penny J. McAllum FRANZCO	Ophthalmologist	Lecturer of Ophthalmology
Penny J. McAllum FRANZCO	Northern Hospital	WK Kellogg Eye Center
Formerly at Department	Epping, Melbourne	University of Michigan
of Ophthalmology	Australia	Ann Arbor MI
University of Auckland	117 Myasthenia Gravis	USA
Auckland		22 Koch–Weeks Bacillus
New Zealand
26 Microsporidial Infection

Contributors

xxvii

Contributors

Chantal F Morel MD, FRCP(C)	Fernando H. Murillo-Lopez MD	John D. Ng MD, MS, FACS
Genetic Metabolic Fellow	Instructor	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Division of Clinical and Metabolic	Department of Ophthalmology	Casey Eye Institute
Genetics	Bolivian Ophthalmology Society	Oregon Health and Science University
The Hospital for Sick Children	Bolivian National Institute of	Portland OR
Toronto, Ontario	Ophthalmology	USA
Canada	La Paz	148 Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma
77 Mucopolysaccharidosis VII	Bolivia	239 Epicanthus
William R. Morris MD	71 Mucopolysaccharidosis IH	248 Marcus Gunn Syndrome
William R. Morris MD	72 Mucopolysaccharidosis IH/S	290 Dacryoadenitis
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Shoib Myint DO, FAACS	292 Epiphora
Department of Ophthalmology	Shoib Myint DO, FAACS
University of Tennessee Health Science	Departments of Ophthalmic and Facial	Hau T. Nguyen MD
Center	Plastic Surgery	Fellow
Hamilton Eye Institute	William Beaumont Eye Institute	Devers Eye Institute
Memphis TN	Royal Oak MI	Portland OR
USA	USA	USA
194 Filamentary Keratitis	254 Xanthelasma	268 Malignant Glaucoma
Mark L. Moster MD	Parveen K Nagra MD	Quan Dong Nguyen MD, MSc
Director, Neuro-Ophthalmology	Instructor of Ophthalmology	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Albert Einstein Medical Center	Cornea Service	Diseases of the Retina and Vitreous,
and Professor of Neurology, Thomas	Wills Eye Institute	and Uveitis
Jefferson University School of Medicine	Thomas Jefferson University	Wilmer Eye Institute
and Instructor, Neuro-Ophthalmology,	Philadelphia PA	Johns Hopkins Hospital
Wills Eye Hospital	USA	Baltimore MD
Philadelphia PA	213 Thygeson’s Superﬁcial Punctate	USA
USA	Keratopathy	99 Uveitis Associated with Juvenile
29 Mucormycosis	A Naoumi MD	Idiopathic Arthritis
John Mourani MD	A Naoumi MD	Denis M. O’Day MD, FACS
John Mourani MD	Professor in Ophthalmology	Denis M. O’Day MD, FACS
Fellow in Infectious Diseases	Service d’Ophtalmologie	Professor of Ophthalmology
Section of Infectious Diseases	Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Med V	Vanderbilt Eye Institute
University of Arizona	Rabat	Nashville TN
Tuscon AZ	Morocco	USA
USA	131 Kaposi’s Sarcoma	6 Bacillus Species Infections
10 Coccidioidomycosis	John Nassif MD	33 Ocular Candidiasis
Cristina Muccioli MD	John Nassif MD	197 Fungal Keratitis
Cristina Muccioli MD	Private Practice
Professor of Ophthalmology	Clearwater FL	A. Justin O’Day MBBS, FRANZCO
Department of Ophthalmology	USA	Associate Professor
Federal University of São Paulo	240 Eyelid Contusions, Lacerations and	Victoria Parade Eye Consultants
São Paulo	Avulsions	St Vincents Medical Centre
Brazil	Michelle T. Nee MD	Fitzroy
3 Acquired Immune Deﬁciency	Michelle T. Nee MD	Melbourne
Syndrome	Clinical Fellow in Glaucoma	Australia
Raghu C. Mudumbai MD	Department of Ophthalmology	117 Myasthenia Gravis
Raghu C. Mudumbai MD	University of California, San Francisco
Associate Professor	San Francisco CA	Henry S. O’Halloran MD, DOphth,
Residency Program Director	USA	FRCSI
Department of Ophthalmology	267 Lens-induced Glaucoma	Pediatric and Neuro-Ophthalmologist
University of Washington Medical	Marcelo V. Netto MD	Children’s Hospital San Diego
Center	Marcelo V. Netto MD	San Diego CA
Seattle WA	Cornea and Refractive Surgery Staff	USA
USA	Department of Ophthalmology	160 Shaken Baby Syndrome
215 Abducens (Sixth Nerve) Paralysis	University of São Paulo	216 Accommodative Esotropia
219 Brown’s Syndrome	São Paulo
258 Angle Recession Glaucoma	Brazil	Michael O’Keefe MB, FRCS,
	204 Mooren’s Ulcer	FRCOphth
		Professor of Ophthalmology
		Department of Ophthalmology
		Mater Private Hospital
		Dublin
		Ireland
		137 Medulloepithelioma

xxviii

Fumiki Okamoto MD, PhD	Maria Papadopoulos MBBS, FRACO	Keith Roberson Peters MD, ABR,
Assistant Professor	Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon	CAQ VIR, CAQ NR
University of Tsukuba	Paediatric Glaucoma Unit	Associate Professor
Ibaraki-ken	Moorﬁelds Eye Hospital	Department of Radiology
Japan	London	University of Florida College of
173 Expulsive Hemorrhage	UK	Medicine
Richard J. Olson MD	265 Primary Congenital Glaucoma	Gainsville FL
Richard J. Olson MD		USA
Associate Clinical Professor of	Jeffrey R. Parnell MD	80 Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Ophthalmology	Clinical Instructor of Ophthalmology
Department of Ophthalmology	Department of Ophthalmology	Stephanie M. Po MD
University of Iowa, Hospitals and	Northwestern University Medical	Chief
Clinics	School	Department of Ophthalmology
Iowa City IA	Retina Services of Illinois, LLC	Kaiser Permanente
USA	Chicago IL	Walnut Creek CA
223 Dissociated Vertical Deviation	USA	USA
James C. Orcutt MD, PhD	162 Hypertension	267 Lens-induced Glaucoma
James C. Orcutt MD, PhD
Department of Ophthalmology	Cameron F. Parsa MD	Russell Pokroy MD
University of Washington Medical	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology	Senior Ophthalmologist
Center	Johns Hopkins University School of	Department of Ophthalmology
Seattle WA	Medicine	Kaplan Medical Center
USA	Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute	Rehovot
253 Trichiasis	The Johns Hopkins Hospital	Israel
324 Optic Foramen Fractures	Baltimore MD	176 Allergic Conjunctivitis
Sema Oruc Dundar MD	USA	185 Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Sema Oruc Dundar MD	104 Neuroﬁbromatosis
Professor of Ophthalmology	143 Optic Gliomas	Allen Michael Putterman MD
Department of Ophthalmology	163 Papillorenal Syndrome	Professor of Ophthalmology
Adnan Menderes University	277 Accommodative Spasm	Chief, Oculoplastic Surgery
School of Medicine		University of Illinois College of Medicine
Aydin	Sanjay V. Patel MD	Chairman, Department of
Turkey	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology	Ophthalmology
286 Pars Planitis	Mayo Clinic College of Medicine	Michael Reese Hospital and Medical
Aaron Osbourne MD, MRCOphth	Rochester MN	Center
Aaron Osbourne MD, MRCOphth	USA	Chicago IL
Specialist Registrar in Ophthalmology	11 Dermatophytosis	USA
Department of Ophthalmology		247 Madarosis
Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Centre	Emily Patterson MD
Queens Medical Centre	Devers Eye Institute	Rubén Queiro PhD
Nottingham	Portland OR	Consultant Rheumatologist
UK	USA	Rheumatology Division
331 Central or Branch Retinal Artery	272 Open-angle Glaucoma	University Hospital Central de Asturias
Occlusion	276 Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma	Oviedo
Maristela Amaral Palazzi MD, PhD		Spain
Maristela Amaral Palazzi MD, PhD	Scott D. Pendergast MD	87 Psoriasis
Ophthalmologist	Vitreoretinal Surgeon	Nastaran Raﬁei MD
Department of Ophthalmology	Partner, Retina Associates of Cleveland	Nastaran Raﬁei MD
Boldrini Children Center	Inc.	Wilmer Ophthalmogical Institute
Campinas	Beachwood OH	Johns Hopkins University School of
São Paulo	USA	Medicine
Brazil	172 Choroidal Ruptures	Baltimore MD
145 Papilloma		USA
Earl A. Palmer MD, FAAP	Henry D. Perry MD, FACS	104 Neuroﬁbromatosis Type 1
Earl A. Palmer MD, FAAP	Senior Founding Partner and Director,	Bahram Rahmani MD, MPH
Professor of Ophthalmology and	Cornea Division	Bahram Rahmani MD, MPH
Pediatrics	Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Departments of Ophthalmology and	and Clinical Associate Professor of	Department of Ophthalmology
Pediatrics	Ophthalmology	Northwestern University
Casey Eye Institute	Weill Cornell School of Medicine	Division of Ophthalmology
Portland OR	New York NY	Children’s Memorial Hospital
USA	USA	Chicago IL
342 Retinopathy of Prematurity	211 Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis	USA
		168 Traumatic Hyphema

Contributors

xxix

Contributors

Christopher J Rapuano MD	James J. Reidy MD, FACS	Shiyoung Roh MD
Co-Director and Attending Surgeon,	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Assistant Clinical Professor pf
Cornea Service	State University of New York	Ophthalmology
Co-Director, Refractive Surgery	School of Medicine and Biomedical	Department of Ophthalmology
Department	Sciences	Tufts University School of Medicine
Wills Eye Institute	Buffalo NY	Lahey Clinic
and Professor of Ophthalomology	USA	Peabody MA
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas	42 Rhinosporidiosis	USA
Jefferson University	Adam C. Reynolds MD	103 Angiomatosis Retinae
Philadelphia PA	Adam C. Reynolds MD
USA	Assistant Clinical Professor	Jean-Paul Romanet MD
192 Detachment of Descemet’s	Intermountain Eye Center	Professor of Ophthalmology
Membrane	Boise ID	Department of Ophthalmology
201 Keratoconus	USA	Hôspital Michallon
Karim Rasheed MD, MSc, MRCOphth	180 Filtering Blebs and Associated	Grenoble
Karim Rasheed MD, MSc, MRCOphth	Problems	France
Medical Director	270 Ocular Hypertension	157 Intraocular Foreign Body: Steel or
Sani Eye Center	Larry F. Rich MS, MD	Iron
Templeton CA	Larry F. Rich MS, MD
USA	Professor of Ophthalmology	Jack Rootman MD, FRCSC
206 Pellucid Marginal Degeneration	Casey Eye Institute	Professor
S. R. Rathinam MNAMS, PhD	Portland OR	Department of Ophthalmology & Visual
S. R. Rathinam MNAMS, PhD	USA	Sciences
Professor of Ophthalmology and	152 Conjunctival Lacerations and	Faculty of Medicine
Head,Uveitis Service	Contusions	Eye Care Center
Aravind Eye Hospital and Post	184 Pterygium and Pseudopterygium	Vancouver BC
Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology	Robert Ritch MD	Canada
Madurai	Robert Ritch MD	323 Orbital Inﬂammatory Syndromes
India	Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology
24 Leptospirosis	New York Medical College	Barbara L. Roque MD
Lawrence A. Raymond MD	Valhalla NY	Ophthalmologist
Lawrence A. Raymond MD	USA	EYE REPUBLIC Ophthalmology Clinic
Associate Professor of Clinical	275 Plateau Iris	Asian Hospital and Medical Center
Ophthalmology	Richard M. Robb MD	Alabang Muntinlupa City
Retinal-Vitreous Surgeon	Richard M. Robb MD	Philippines
Cincinnati Eye Institute	Associated Professor of Harvard	133 Leiomyoma
Cincinnati OH	Medical School	178 Conjunctival Melanotic Lesions
USA	Emeritus Chief of Ophthalmology,
56 Baylisascaris	Department of Ophthalmology	Manolette R. Roque MD, MBA
Russell W. Read MD	Children’s Hospital Boston	Ophthalmologist
Russell W. Read MD	Boston MA	EYE REPUBLIC Ophthalmology Clinic
Associate Professor	USA	Asian Hospital and Medical Center
Ophthalmology and Pathology	126 Dermoid	Alabang Muntinlupa City
University of Alabama at Birmingham	Pierre-Yves Robert MD, PhD	Philippines
Birmingham AL	Pierre-Yves Robert MD, PhD	133 Leiomyoma
USA	Ophthalmologist	178 Conjunctival Melanotic Lesions
164 Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease	CHU Dupuytren
August Lafayette Reader III MD,	Limoges	Arthur L. Rosenbaum MD
August Lafayette Reader III MD,	France	Professor of Ophthalmology
FACS	1 Acinetobacter	and Vice Chairman, Department of
Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology	Joseph E. Robertson Jr MD	Ophthalmology
California Paciﬁc Medical Center	Joseph E. Robertson Jr MD	Chief, Pediatric Ophthalmology and
San Francisco CA	Professor and Chairman	Strabismus Division
USA	Department of Ophthalmology	Jules Stein Eye Institute
114 Hysteria, Malingering and Anxiety	Casey Eye Institute	Los Angeles CA
States	Portland OR	USA
Franco M. Recchia MD	USA	225 Esotropia-High Accommodative
Franco M. Recchia MD	307 Epimacular Proliferation	Convergence-to-Accommodation Ratio
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology,	349 Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy	James Todd Rosenbaum MD
Vitreo-retinal Surgery		James Todd Rosenbaum MD
Department of Ophthalmology and		Professor of Medicine, Ophthalmology
Visual Sciences		and Cell Biology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center		Oregon Health and Science University
Nashville TN		Casey Eye Institute
USA		Portland OR
6 Bacillus Species Infections		USA
33 Ocular Candidiasis		97 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

xxx

F. Hampton Roy MD, FACS	John R. Samples MA, MD	Thomas K. Schlesinger MD, PhD
Medical Director	Glaucoma Consultant	Department of Ophthalmology
Hampton Roy Eye Center	Glaucoma Consultants & The Eye Clinic	Oregon Health and Science University
Little Rock AR	Portland OR	Portland OR
USA	USA	USA
12 Diphtheria	241 Facial Movement Disorders	340 Retinal Venous Obstruction
18 Herpes Simplex	259 Corticosteroid Induced Glaucoma
19 Inclusion Conjunctivitis	262 Glaucoma Associated with	Abraham Schlossman MD, FACS
36 Pneumococcus	Elevated Venous Pressure	Formerly, Clinical Professor of
60 Echinococcosis		Ophthalmology
65 Inﬂammatory Bowel Disease	Alvina Pauline D Santiago MD	New York University College of
69 Diabetes	Clinical Associate Professor	Medicine
75 Mucopolysaccharidosis IV	University of the Philippines College of	New York NY
92 Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum	Medicine	USA
108 Cerebral Palsy	and Chief, Section of Pediatric	264 Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis
132 Keratoacanthoma	Ophthalmology, The Medical City
147 Retinoblastoma	and Consultant in Pediatric	Lee K. Schwartz MD
151 Alkaline Injury	Ophthalmology	Consulant, Corneal External Disease
161 Thermal Burns	St Luke’s Medical Center	Department of Ophthalmology
165 Epithelial Ingrowth	Quezon City	California Paciﬁc Medical Center
167 Postoperative Flat Anterior	Philippines	San Francisco CA
Chamber	225 Esotropia: High Accommodative	USA
175 Sympathetic Ophthalmia	Convergence-to-Accommodation Ratio	242 Floppy Eyelid Syndrome
179 Corneal and Conjunctival
Calciﬁcations	David A. Saperstein MD	Ingrid U. Scott MD, MPH
191 Corneal Neovascularization	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology	Professor of Ophthalmology and Health
196 Fuchs’ Dellen	University of Washington	Evaluation Sciences
217 Acquired Nonaccommodative	Seattle WA	Department of Ophthalmology
Esotropia	USA	Penn State College of Medicine
Paul A. Rundle MBBS, FRCOphth	332 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy	Hershey PA
Paul A. Rundle MBBS, FRCOphth		USA
Consultant Ocular Oncologist	Richard A. Saunders MD	35 Pharyngoconjunctival Fever
Department of Ophthalmology	Professor of Ophthalmology and
Royal Hallamshire Hospital	Pediatrics	Jennifer Scruggs MD
Shefﬁeld	Department of Ophthalmology	Clinical Instructor of Ophthalmology
UK	MUSC, Storm Eye Institute	New York University School of Medicine
174 Malignant Melanoma of the	Charleston SC	New York NY
Posterior Uvea	USA	USA
Alfredo A. Sadun MD, PhD	227 Inferior Rectus Muscle Palsy	135 Lymphangioma
Alfredo A. Sadun MD, PhD		321 External Orbital Fractures
F Thornton Professor of Vision	James A. Savage MD	322 Internal Orbital Fractures
Research	Nevada Eye and Ear
University of Southern California	Henderson NV	Ernesto I. Segal MD
Department of Ophthalmology	USA	Clinical Assistant Professor
Doheney Eye Institute	274 Pigmentary Dispersion Syndrome	University of Texas Medical Branch in
Los Angeles CA	and Pigmentary Glaucoma	Galveston
USA		Boca Raton FL
315 Ischemic Optic Neuropathies	Tina A. Scheufele MD	USA
Norman A. Saffra MD	Fellow in Vitreoretinal Surgery, New	95 Sarcoidosis
Norman A. Saffra MD	England Eye Center	Ismail A. Shalaby MD, PhD
Professor of Ophthalmology	Tufts University School of Medicine	Ismail A. Shalaby MD, PhD
Medical and Surgical Eyesite	Boston MA	Instructor in Ophthalmology
Brooklyn NY	USA	Jonas Friedenwald Eye Institute
USA	308 Macular Hole	Baltimore MD
128 Fibrosarcoma		USA
Sarwat Salim MD, FACS	Vivian Schiedler MD	2 Acquired and Congenital Syphilis
Sarwat Salim MD, FACS	Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive	Aziz Sheikh MSc, DCH, DRCOG, MD,
Assistant Professor	Surgery Fellow	Aziz Sheikh MSc, DCH, DRCOG, MD,
Department of Ophthalmology	Department of Ophthalmology	FRCP, FRCGP
Hamilton Eye Institute	University of Washington	Professor of Primary Care Research
University of Tennessee Medical Center	Seattle WA	and Development
at Memphis	USA	Division of Community Health
Memphis TN	324 Optic Foramen Fractures	Sciences, GP Section
USA		University of Edinburgh
258 Angle Recession Glaucoma		Edinburgh
		UK
		177 Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Contributors

xxxi

Contributors

John D. Sheppard MD, MMSc	Donna Siracuse-Lee MD	Walter J. Stark MD
Professor of Ophthalmology,	Physician in Ophthalmology	Professor of Ophthalmology
Microbiology and Molecular Biology	Medical and Surgical Eyesite	Director of the Stark-Mosher Center for
Eastern Virginia Medical School	Brooklyn NY	Cataract and Corneal Disorders
Virginia Eye Consultants	USA	The Wilmer Eye Institute
Norfolk VA	128 Fibrosarcoma	The John Hopkins Hospital
USA	Aaron D. Smalley MD	Baltimore MD
8 Brucellosis	Aaron D. Smalley MD	USA
Mark D. Sherman MD	Resident in Ophthalmology	166 Intraocular Epithelial Cysts
Mark D. Sherman MD	Department of Ophthalmology
Assistant Professor	Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical	Eric A. Steele MD
Department of Ophthalmology	Center	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Loma Linda University School of	Hershey PA	Casey Eye Institute
Medicine	USA	Oregon Health and Science University
San Luis Obispo CA	35 Pharyngoconjunctival Fever	Portland OR
USA	Patricia W. Smith MD	USA
5 Aspergillosis	Patricia W. Smith MD	244 Lagophthalmos
Carol L. Shields MD	Triangle Eye Physicians, PA	250 Orbital Fat Herniation
Carol L. Shields MD	Raleigh NC	251 Ptosis
Professor, Thomas Jefferson Medical	USA	294 Lacrimal Gland Tumors
College	166 Intraocular Epithelial Cysts
Attending Surgeon and Associate	Anthony W. Solomon MBBS, PhD	Thomas L. Steinemann MD
Director	Anthony W. Solomon MBBS, PhD	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Wills Eye Hospital	Lecturer, Clinical Research Unit	Division of Ophthalmology
Philadelphia PA	London School of Hygiene & Tropical	Case Western Reserve University
USA	Medicine	MetroHealth Medical Center
144 Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma	London	Cleveland OH
263 Glaucoma Associated with	UK	USA
Intraocular Tumors	50 Trachoma	47 Staphylococcus
Jerry A. Shields MD	Hassane Souhail MD	181 Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis
Jerry A. Shields MD	Hassane Souhail MD	212 Terrien’s Marginal Degeneration
Director, Oncology Services	Resident in Ophthalmology
Wills Eye Hospital	Service d’Ophtalmologie	Ann U. Stout MD
Philadelphia PA	Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Med V	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
USA	Rabat	Casey Eye Institute
144 Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma	Morocco	Portland OR
263 Glaucoma Associated with	131 Kaposi’s Sarcoma	USA
Intraocular Tumors	Daniel H. Spitzberg MD, FACS	214 A-pattern Strabismus
Amarpreet Singh MD	Daniel H. Spitzberg MD, FACS	230 Oculomotor (Third Nerve) Paralysis
Amarpreet Singh MD	Ophthalmologist, Uveitis Specialist	232 Superior Oblique (Fourth Nerve)
Fellow in Oculoplastic Surgery	Ophthalmology	Palsy
Case Western Reserve University of	Whitson Eyecare
School of Medicine	Indianapolis IN	J. Timothy Stout MD, PhD
Cleveland OH	USA	Director Retina Services
USA	21 Inﬂuenza	Devers Eye Institute and Casey Eye
159 Orbital Implant Extrusion	Thomas C. Spoor MD, MS, FACS	Institute
Christopher N. Singh MD	Thomas C. Spoor MD, MS, FACS	Legacy Health System
Christopher N. Singh MD	Michigan Neuro-Ophthalmology	and Department of Ophthalmology
Resident	Grosse Point Farms MI	Oregon Health and Science University
Department of Ophthalmology	USA	Portland OR
University of Washington	319 Vasculopathic Optic Neuropathies	USA
Seattle WA	Robert L. Stamper MD	328 Acquired Retinoschisis
USA	Robert L. Stamper MD
219 Brown’s Syndrome	Professor of Ophthalmology	R. Doyle Stulting MD, PhD
332 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy	Director of the Glaucoma Service	Professor of Ophthalmology
Eric L. Singman MD, PhD	Department of Ophthalmology	Emory Eye Center
Eric L. Singman MD, PhD	University of California, San Francisco	Emory University
Director	San Francisco CA	Atlanta GA
Neuro-Ophthalmology, Low Vision and	USA	USA
Vision Rehabilitation	267 Lens-induced Glaucoma	208 Posterior Polymorphous Dystrophy
Family Eye Group		235 Blepharoconjunctivitis
Lancaster PA
USA
115 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
and Pseudotumor Cerebri
288 Uveitis

xxxii

Alan Sugar MD	Khalid F. Tabbara MD, ABO,	Clement Chee Yung Tham FRCS,
Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual	FRCOphth	FCOphth(HK)
Sciences	Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology	Professor, Department of
WK Kellogg Eye Center	Johns Hopkins University School of	Ophthalmology and Visual Science
University of Michigan	Medicine	The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Ann Arbor MI	Baltimore MD	Queen Mary Hospital
USA	USA	Hong Kong SAR
11 Dermatophytosis	and Medical Director	China
22 Koch–Weeks Bacillus	The Eye Center	275 Plateau Iris
Joel Sugar MD	Riyadh
Joel Sugar MD	Saudi Arabia	A. Therzaz MD
Professor of Ophthalmology	64 Trichinosis	Professor in Ophthalmology
Department of Ophthalmology and	207 Phlyctenulosis	Service d’Ophtalmologie
Visual Sciences	Mandeep S. Tamber MD	Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Med V
University of Illinois at Chicago	Mandeep S. Tamber MD	Rabat
Chicago IL	Neurosurgery Fellow	Morocco
USA	Division of Neurosurgery	131 Kaposi’s Sarcoma
189 Corneal Edema	Hospital for Sick Children
Donny W. Suh MD	Toronto, Ontario	Gilles Thuret MD, PhD
Donny W. Suh MD	Canada	Ophthalmologist
Clinical Assistant Professor	125 Craniopharyngioma	University Hospital
Department of Ophthalmology	Angelo P. Tanna MD	Saint-Etienne
University of Nebraska	Angelo P. Tanna MD	France
West des Moines IA	Director, Glaucoma Service	1 Acinetobacter
USA	Department of Ophthalmology	157 Intraocular Foreign Body: Steel or
15 Escherichia coli	Northwestern University Feinberg	Iron
Eric B. Suhler MD, MPH	School of Medicine
Eric B. Suhler MD, MPH	Chicago IL	Christopher Graham Tinley MBChB,
Chief of Ophthalmology	USA	MRCOphth
Portland VA Medical Center	266 Juvenile Glaucoma	Ophthalmology Specialist Registrar
and Assistant Professor of	Sinan Tatlipinar MD	West of England Eye Unit
Ophthalmology	Sinan Tatlipinar MD	Royal Devon and Exeter NHS
Co-Director, Uveitis Service	Cinical Fellow	Foundation Trust
Casey Eye Institute	Retina Service	Exeter
Oregon Health and Science University	The Wilmer Eye Institute	UK
Portland OR	The Johns Hopkins Hospital	299 After-Cataracts
USA	Baltimore MD
9 Cat-scratch disease	USA	Andrea C. Tongue MD
49 Tetanus	347 Scleritis	Ophthalmologist
344 White Dot Syndromes	Ramin Tayani MD, MPH, FAAO	Child Eye Care Associates
John H. Sullivan MD	Ramin Tayani MD, MPH, FAAO	Lake Oswego OR
John H. Sullivan MD	Medical Director	USA
Clinical Professor	Tayani Eye Institute	231 Superior Oblique Myokymia
Department of Ophthalmology	San Clemente CA
University of California San Francisco	USA	Rodrigo J. Torres MD
San Francisco CA	46 Sporotrichosis	Fellow
USA	Klaus D. Teichmann MD, FRCSC,	Devers Eye Institute
234 Blepharochalasis	Klaus D. Teichmann MD, FRCSC,	Portland OR
John Everett Sutphin MD	FRACO, DiplABO	USA
John Everett Sutphin MD	Senior Academic Consultant and Chief	282 Iris Bombé
Professor and Chair	of Anterior Segment
Department of Ophthalmology	King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital	Robert N. Tower MD
University of Kansas Medical Center	Riyadh	Assistant Professor, Ophthalmic Facial
Kansas City KS	Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	Plastic and Orbital Surgery
USA	327 Orbital Hemorrhages	Department of Ophthalmology
55 Acanthamebiasis		University of Washington School of
Kenneth C. Swan MD	Mark A. Terry MD	Medicine
Kenneth C. Swan MD	Director, Corneal Services	Seattle WA
Formerly, Professor	Devers Eye Institute	USA
Department of Ophthalmology	Scientiﬁc Director	238 Entropion
Oregon Health and Science University	Lions Vision Research Laboratory of	291 Dacryocystitis and Dacryolith
Portland OR	Oregon
USA	Portland OR
283 Iris Cysts	USA
	195 Fuchs’ Corneal Dystrophy

Contributors

xxxiii

Contributors

Elias I Traboulsi MD	Jean D. Vaudaux MD	John J. Weiter MD, PhD
Professor of Ophthalmology	Department of Ophthalmology	Associate Clinical Professor of
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of	Jules Gonin Eye Hospital	Ophthalmology
Medicine	Lausanne	Department of Ophthalmology
Head, Department of Pediatric	Switzerland	Harvard Medical School
Ophthalmology and Strabismus	63 Toxoplasmosis	Cambridge MA
Cole Eye Institute	Niteen S Wairagkar MBBS, MD	USA
Cleveland OH	Niteen S Wairagkar MBBS, MD	103 Angiomatosis Retinae
USA	Deputy Director
73 Mucopolysaccharidosis II	National Institute of Virology	Richard G. Weleber MD
74 Mucopolysacccharidosis III	Pune	Professor of Ophthalmology and
Rupan Trikha MD	India	Molecular & Medical Genetics
Rupan Trikha MD	4 Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis	Casey Eye Institute
Ophthalmology Resident	Joseph D. Walrath MD	Oregon Health and Science University
Department of Ophthalmology	Joseph D. Walrath MD	Portland OR
Geisinger Medical Center	Resident	USA
Danville PA	Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute	76 Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
USA	New York NY	336 Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and
188 Corneal Abrasions, Contusions,	USA	Retina with Hyperornithinemia
Lacerations and Perforations	135 Lymphangioma	338 Refsum’s Disease
Brenda J. Tripathi PhD	Rory McConn Walsh MD, MB,	Fleming D. Wertz III MD, FACS
Distinguished Professor of Pathology,	FRCSI(ORL)	Consultant in Ophthalmology
Microbiology and Immunology	Consultant Otolaryngologist and Senior	Department of Ophthalmology
University of South Carolina School of	Lecturer	Lahey Clinic Northshore
Medicine	Department of Otolaryngology	Peabody MA
Columbia SC	RCSI Education and Research Center	USA
USA	Beaumont Hospital	155 Intraocular Foreign Body: Copper
190 Corneal Mucous Plaques	Dublin
Ramesh C. Tripathi MD, MS(Ophth),	Ireland	Igor Westra MD, MSc
Ramesh C. Tripathi MD, MS(Ophth),	107 Bell’s Palsy	Assistant Clinical Professor
PhD, FACS, FICS, FRCOphth,		University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
FRCPath, FNASc(I)	David S. Walton MD	Retina of Coastal Carolina PLLC
Distinguished Professor of	Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology	Wilmington NC
Ophthalmology	Harvard Medical School	USA
Department of Ophthalmology	Boston MA	279 Ciliary Body Concussions and
University of South Carolina School of	USA	Lacerations
Medicine	101 Weill–Marchesani Syndrome
Columbia SC	278 Aniridia	David T. Wheeler MD
USA	Ronald E. Warwar MD	Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
190 Corneal Mucous Plaques	Ronald E. Warwar MD	and Pediatrics
Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun MD	Clinical Assistant Professor	Oregon Health and Science University
Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun MD	Department of Surgery	Casey Eye Institute
Professor of Ophthalmology	Wright State University School of	Portland OR
Department of Ophthalmology	Medicine	USA
Istanbul Faculty of Medicine	Dayton OH	52 Typhoid Fever
Istanbul University	USA	130 Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
Istanbul	32 Nocardiosis	229 Nystagmus
Turkey	171 Choroidal Folds	300 Congenital and Infantile Cataracts
90 Behçet’s Disease	Peter G. Watson MA, MBBChir,
Irene Tung MD	Peter G. Watson MA, MBBChir,	Charles P. Wilkinson MD
Irene Tung MD	FRCS, FRCOphth, DO	Chairman, Department of
Resident	Honorary Consultant Ophthalmic	Ophthalmology, Greater Baltimore
Baylor College of Medicine	Surgeon	Medical Center
Houston TX	Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge	Professor, Department of
USA	and Moorﬁelds Eye Hospital	Ophthalmology
183 Ophthalmia Neonatorum	London	John Hopkins University
Judith A. M. Van Evendingen MD	UK	Baltimore MD
Judith A. M. Van Evendingen MD	93 Relapsing Polychondritis	USA
Neuro-ophthalmologist	345 Episcleritis	337 Peripheral Retinal Breaks and
Rotterdam Eye Hospital		Vitreoretinal Degenerative Disorders
Rotterdam
The Netherlands
109 Chronic Progressive External
Ophthalmoplegia

xxxiv

David J. Wilson MD	John L. Wobig MD	Howard Shann-Cherng Ying MD,
Thiele-Petti Chair, Ophthalmology	Formerly, Professor of Ophthalmology	PhD
Director, Eye Pathology Laboratory	Casey Eye Institute	Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Oregon Health and Science University	Oregon Health and Science University	Department of Ophthalmology
Casey Eye Institute	Portland OR	The John Hopkins University
Portland OR	USA	Wilmer Eye Institute
USA	292 Epiphoria	Baltimore MD
271 Ocular Hypotony	Terry D. Wood MD	USA
M. Edward Wilson MD	Terry D. Wood MD	156 Intraocular Foreign Body:
M. Edward Wilson MD	Neuro-Ophthalmology Fellow	Nonmagnetic, Chemically Inert
Pierre G. Jenkins Professor and	Casey Eye Institute	Peter N. Youssef MD
Chairman	Oregon Health and Science University	Peter N. Youssef MD
Department of Ophthalmology	Portland OR	Resident
and Director, Storm Eye Institute	USA	Department of Ophthalmology
Medical University of South Carolina	9 Cat-scratch disease	University of Washington Medical
Charleston SC	49 Tetanus	Center
USA	127 Ewing’s Sarcoma	Seattle WA
228 Monoﬁxation Syndrome	311 Compressive Optic Neuropathies	USA
Matthew W. Wilson MD, FACS	Lihteh Wu MD	219 Brown’s Syndrome
Matthew W. Wilson MD, FACS	Lihteh Wu MD	332 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Associate Professor	Associate Surgeon	Gerald W. Zaidman MD
Department of Opthalmology	Institute of Ocular Surgery	Gerald W. Zaidman MD
University of Tennessee Health	San José	Professor of Ophthalmology
Services Center	Costa Rica	Department of Ophthalmology
Memphis TN	57 Coenurosis	Westchester Medical Center
USA	333 Coats’ Disease	Valhalla NY
123 Capillary Hemangioma	Ozgur Yalcinbayir MD	USA
Steven E Wilson MD	Ozgur Yalcinbayir MD	25 Lyme Disease
Steven E Wilson MD	Visiting International Scholar
Professor of Ophthalmology	Department of Ophthalmology
and Director of Corneal Research	St Louis University School of Medicine
Cole Eye Institute	St Louis MO
The Cleveland Clinic	USA
Cleveland OH	82 Thalassemia
USA
204 Mooren’s Ulcer

Contributors

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