Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Retinal Development_Sernagor, Eglen, Harris, Wong_2006

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Figure 12.1 Three principal functions of retinal neuritic patterning. (a) The extent of a neuron’s denritic territory corresponds directly to a region in visual space, the ‘receptive field’. (b) Regions of denritic overlap are organized such that, collectively, discrete neuronal subtypes completely cover, or ‘tile’, the retina. (c) Neuronal arbors often stratify within the IPL such that they occupy discrete laminar positions. On a gross level, the IPL is split roughly in half such that OFF-responding circuitry is restricted to the outermost region (grey bar) while ON-responding circuitry is confined to an innermost sublayer (white bar). Beyond this, the IPL can be divided into finer sublaminae, typically five can be delineated (S1 to S5). Individual retinal circuits are comprised of connections between specific subtypes of bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells (corresponding shades of grey) whose arbors co-stratify within a particular sublamina, or sublaminae. A, amacrine cell; B, bipolar cell; C, cone photoreceptor; G, retinal ganglion cell; H, horizontal cell; R, rod photoreceptor; GCL, ganglion cell layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; PR, photoreceptor.

to elaborate neurites. Through the process of polarization neurons typically establish a single process as the axon with the remainder, or subsequent, processes becoming dendrites (see Horton and Ehlers, 2003, for review). Morphological analyses have shown that retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) extend a single axonal process prior to elaborating dendrites (Hinds and Hinds, 1974; Maslim et al., 1986). Molecular pathways that regulate neuronal polarity in