Optic Disk Metastases

Metastatic tumors can develop in the optic disk, and both optic nerves can be simultaneously involved [13]. Optic disk metastases can clinically resemble papilledema, papillitis, or various types of pseudopapilledema (Fig. 14.9).

Vitreous Metastases

Fig. 14.10 Vitreous metastasis from cutaneous melanoma in an enucleated eye

vitritis, senile vitritis, endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage, synchisis scintillans, asteroid hyalosis, and large cell lymphoma.

Metastatic tumors to the vitreous are extremely rare and generally occur in patients who have retinal or ciliary body metastasis.Affected patients develop floaters, and vitreous examination reveals clumps of tumor cells. There have been reports of metastatic melanoma to the vitreous appearing as brown clumps in the hyaloid (Fig. 14.10) [38]. The differential diagnosis includes inflammatory

Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndromes

A paraneoplastic syndrome is defined as the malfunction of an organ system from cancer in a remote site of the body without the presence of metastases in that end organ. Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes include peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, myasthenia