Добавил:
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis_Penn_2008

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
28.03.2026
Размер:
10.34 Mб
Скачать

508

D. P. Bingaman et al.

choroidal neovascularization by intravitreal injection of AG3340., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42 S521 (2001).

296.News-and-Views, Phase III clinical Trial of prinomastat halted., www.angio.org/ newsandviews/archive2000/prinomastat.html. August 07 (2005).

297.S. A. Mousa, Anti-integrin as novel drug-discovery targets: potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 6 (4), 534-541 (2002).

298.P. C. Brooks, R. A. Clark and D. A. Cheresh, Requirement of vascular integrin alpha v beta 3 for angiogenesis, Science 264 (5158), 569-571 (1994).

299.M. Friedlander, P. C. Brooks, R. W. Shaffer, C. M. Kincaid, J. A. Varner and D. A. Cheresh, Definition of two angiogenic pathways by distinct alpha v integrins, Science 270 (5241), 1500-1502 (1995).

300.M. Friedlander, C. L. Theesfeld, M. Sugita, M. Fruttiger, M. A. Thomas, S. Chang and

D.A. Cheresh, Involvement of integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 in ocular neovascular diseases, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (18), 9764-9769 (1996).

301.B. P. Eliceiri and D. A. Cheresh, The role of alphav integrins during angiogenesis: insights into potential mechanisms of action and clinical development, J. Clin. Invest. 103 (9), 1227-1230 (1999).

302.S. H. Wilson, A. V. Ljubimov, A. O. Morla, S. Caballero, L. C. Shaw, P. E. Spoerri,

R.W. Tarnuzzer and M. B. Grant, Fibronectin fragments promote human retinal endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation and ERK activation through alpha5beta1 integrin and PI 3-kinase, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 (4), 1704-1715 (2003).

303.H. Enaida, T. Ito, Y. Oshima, T. Sakamoto, K. Yago, K. Kato and H. Kochi, Effect of growth factors on expression of integrin subtypes in microvascular endothelial cells isolated from bovine retinas, Fukushima J. Med. Sci. 44 (1), 43-52 (1998).

304.H. T. Zhang, M. Gorn, K. Smith, A. P. Graham, K. K. Lau and R. Bicknell, Transcriptional profiling of human microvascular endothelial cells in the proliferative and quiescent state using cDNA arrays, Angiogenesis 3 (3), 211-219 (1999).

305.S. G. Robbins, R. B. Brem, D. J. Wilson, L. M. O’Rourke, J. E. Robertson, I. Westra,

S.R. Planck and J. T. Rosenbaum, Immunolocalization of integrins in proliferative retinal membranes, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35 (9), 3475-3485 (1994).

306.J. Luna, T. Tobe, S. A. Mousa, T. M. Reilly and P. A. Campochiaro, Antagonists of integrin alpha v beta 3 inhibit retinal neovascularization in a murine model, Lab. Invest. 75 (4), 563-573 (1996).

307.A. Magnussen, I. M. Kasman, S. Norberg, P. Baluk, R. Murray and D. M. McDonald, Rapid access of antibodies to alpha5beta1 integrin overexpressed on the luminal surface of tumor blood vessels, Cancer Res. 65 (7), 2712-2721 (2005).

308.S. Kim, K. Bell, S. A. Mousa and J. A. Varner, Regulation of angiogenesis in vivo by ligation of integrin alpha5beta1 with the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin, Am.

J.Pathol. 156 (4), 1345-1362 (2000).

309.X. Zhang, J. E. Groopman and J. F. Wang, Extracellular matrix regulates endothelial functions through interaction of VEGFR-3 and integrin alpha5beta1, J. Cell. Physiol. 202 (1), 205-214 (2005).

310.M. A. Dechantsreiter, E. Planker, B. Matha, E. Lohof, G. Holzemann, A. Jonczyk,

S.L. Goodman and H. Kessler, N-Methylated cyclic RGD peptides as highly active and selective alpha(V)beta(3) integrin antagonists, J. Med. Chem 42 (16), 3033-3040 (1999).

311.D. A. Cheresh, Human endothelial cells synthesize and express an Arg-Gly-Asp- directed adhesion receptor involved in attachment to fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84 (18), 6471-6475 (1987).

23. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for PSNV

509

312.H. P. Hammes, M. Brownlee, A. Jonczyk, A. Sutter and K. T. Preissner, Subcutaneous injection of a cyclic peptide antagonist of vitronectin receptor-type integrins inhibits retinal neovascularization, Nat. Med. 2 (5), 529-533 (1996).

313.P. C. Brooks, A. M. Montgomery, M. Rosenfeld, R. A. Reisfeld, T. Hu, G. Klier and

D.A. Cheresh, Integrin alpha v beta 3 antagonists promote tumor regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood vessels, Cell 79 (7), 1157-1164 (1994).

314.P. C. Brooks, S. Stromblad, R. Klemke, D. Visscher, F. H. Sarkar and D. A. Cheresh, Antiintegrin alpha v beta 3 blocks human breast cancer growth and angiogenesis in human skin, J. Clin. Invest. 96 (4), 1815-1822 (1995).

315.T. J. MacDonald, T. Taga, H. Shimada, P. Tabrizi, B. V. Zlokovic, D. A. Cheresh and

W.E. Laug, Preferential susceptibility of brain tumors to the antiangiogenic effects of an alpha(v) integrin antagonist, Neurosurgery 48 (1), 151-157 (2001).

316.J. A. Posey, M. B. Khazaeli, A. DelGrosso, M. N. Saleh, C. Y. Lin, W. Huse and

A.F. LoBuglio, A pilot trial of Vitaxin, a humanized anti-vitronectin receptor (anti alpha v beta 3) antibody in patients with metastatic cancer, Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 16 (2), 125-132 (2001).

317.K. U. Loeffler, G. Zahn, A. Vogel, M. Wills and F. G. Holz, Morphologic and

immunohistochemical evaluation of laser-induced CNV-lesions in Cynomolgus monkeys after treatment with small molecule integrin inhibitor, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (47), 5052 (2006).

318. N. Umeda, S. Kachi, H. Akiyama, G. Zahn, D. Vossmeyer, R. Stragies and P. A. Campochiaro, Suppression and regression of choroidal neovascularization by systemic administration of an alpha5beta1 integrin antagonist, Molecular Pharmacology

69 (6), 1820-1828 (2006).

319.R. Machemer, G. Sugita and Y. Tano, Treatment of intraocular proliferations with intravitreal steroids, Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 77 171-180 (1979).

320.T. Hida, D. Chandler, J. E. Arena and R. Machemer, Experimental and clinical observations of the intraocular toxicity of commercial corticosteroid preparations, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 101 (2), 190-195 (1986).

321.J. Gross, R. G. Azizkhan, C. Biswas, R. R. Bruns, D. S. Hsieh and J. Folkman, Inhibition of tumor growth, vascularization, and collagenolysis in the rabbit cornea by medroxyprogesterone, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78 (2), 1176-1180 (1981).

322.Y. Tano, D. Chandler and R. Machemer, Treatment of intraocular proliferation with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 90 (6), 810-816 (1980).

323.T. Ishibashi, K. Miki, N. Sorgente, R. Patterson and S. J. Ryan, Effects of intravitreal administration of steroids on experimental subretinal neovascularization in the subhuman primate, Arch. Ophthalmol. 103 (5), 708-711 (1985).

324.A. N. Antoszyk, J. L. Gottlieb, R. Machemer and D. L. Hatchell, The effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on experimental pre-retinal neovascularization,

Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 231 (1), 34-40 (1993).

325.R. P. Danis, D. P. Bingaman, Y. Yang and B. Ladd, Inhibition of preretinal and optic nerve head neovascularization in pigs by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, Ophthalmology 103 (12), 2099-2104 (1996).

326.T. Rotschild, B. N. Nandgaonkar, K. Yu and R. D. Higgins, Dexamethasone reduces oxygen induced retinopathy in a mouse model, Pediatr. Res. 46 (1), 94-100 (1999).

327.T. A. Ciulla, M. H. Criswell, R. P. Danis and T. E. Hill, Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits choroidal neovascularization in a laser-treated rat model, Arch. Ophthalmol. 119 (3), 399-404 (2001).

510

D. P. Bingaman et al.

328.U. H. Spandau, G. Sauder, U. Schubert, H. P. Hammes and J. B. Jonas, Effect of triamcinolone acetonide on proliferation of retinal endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 89 (6), 745-747 (2005).

329.J. L. Edelman, D. Lutz and M. R. Castro, Corticosteroids inhibit VEGF-induced vascular leakage in a rabbit model of blood-retinal and blood-aqueous barrier breakdown, Exp. Eye Res. 80 (2), 249-258 (2005).

330.Y. S. Wang, U. Friedrichs, W. Eichler, S. Hoffmann and P. Wiedemann, Inhibitory effects of triamcinolone acetonide on bFGF-induced migration and tube formation in choroidal microvascular endothelial cells, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 240 (1), 42-48 (2002).

331.J. A. Koedam, J. J. Smink and S. C. van Buul-Offers, Glucocorticoids inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor expression in growth plate chondrocytes, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 197 (1-2), 35-44 (2002).

332.J. Gille, K. Reisinger, B. Westphal-Varghese and R. Kaufmann, Decreased mRNA stability as a mechanism of glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression by cultured keratinocytes, J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (6), 1581-1587 (2001).

333.M. Nauck, G. Karakiulakis, A. P. Perruchoud, E. Papakonstantinou and M. Roth, Corticosteroids inhibit the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene in human vascular smooth muscle cells, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 341 (2-3), 309-315 (1998).

334.U. B. Kompella, N. Bandi and S. P. Ayalasomayajula, Subconjunctival nanoand microparticles sustain retinal delivery of budesonide, a corticosteroid capable of inhibiting VEGF expression, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 (3), 1192-1201 (2003).

335.J. E. Sears and G. Hoppe, Triamcinolone Acetonide Destabilizes VEGF mRNA in Müller Cells under Continuous Cobalt Stimulation, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 (11), 4336-4341 (2005).

336.H. Gao, X. Qiao, R. Gao, W. F. Mieler, A. R. McPherson and E. R. Holz, Intravitreal triamcinolone does not alter basal vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in rat retina, Vision Res. 44 (4), 349-356 (2004).

337.H. L. Brooks, Jr., S. Caballero, Jr., C. K. Newell, R. L. Steinmetz, D. Watson, M. S. Segal,

J.K. Harrison, E. W. Scott and M. B. Grant, Vitreous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal-derived factor 1 in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cystoid macular edema before and after intraocular injection of triamcinolone, Arch. Ophthalmol. 122 (12), 1801-1807 (2004).

338.J. K. Challa, M. C. Gillies, P. L. Penfold, J. F. Gyory, A. B. Hunyor and F. A. Billson, Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone: 18 month follow up,

Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol. 26 (4), 277-281 (1998).

339.P. L. Penfold, J. F. Gyory, A. B. Hunyor and F. A. Billson, Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone. A pilot study, Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol. 23 (4), 293-298 (1995).

340.R. P. Danis, T. A. Ciulla, L. M. Pratt and W. Anliker, Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in exudative age-related macular degeneration, Retina 20 (3), 244-250 (2000).

341.P. L. Penfold, Intravitreal triamcinolone in recurrence of choroidal neovascularisation, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86 (6), 600-601 (2002).

342.N. T. Ranson, R. P. Danis, T. A. Ciulla and L. Pratt, Intravitreal triamcinolone in subfoveal recurrence of choroidal neovascularisation after laser treatment in macular degeneration, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86 (5), 527-529 (2002).

343.J. B. Jonas, I. Kreissig, P. Hugger, G. Sauder, S. Panda-Jonas and R. Degenring, Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for exudative age related macular degeneration, Br.

J.Ophthalmol. 87 (4), 462-468 (2003).

23. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for PSNV

511

344.J. B. Jonas, R. F. Degenring, B. A. Kamppeter, I. Kreissig and I. Akkoyun, Duration of the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 138 (1), 158-160 (2004).

345.M. C. Gillies, J. M. Simpson, W. Luo, P. Penfold, A. B. Hunyor, W. Chua, P. Mitchell and F. Billson, A randomized clinical trial of a single dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year results, Arch. Ophthalmol. 121 (5), 667-673 (2003).

346.R. F. Spaide, J. Sorenson and L. Maranan, Combined photodynamic therapy with verteporfin and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal neovascularization, Ophthalmology 110 (8), 1517-1525 (2003).

347.J. B. Jonas, J. K. Hayler, A. Sofker and S. Panda-Jonas, Intravitreal injection of crystalline cortisone as adjunctive treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 131 (4), 468-471 (2001).

348.J. B. Jonas, A. Sofker and R. Degenring, Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as an additional tool in pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 13 (5), 468-473 (2003).

349.A. Martidis, J. S. Duker, P. B. Greenberg, A. H. Rogers, C. A. Puliafito, E. Reichel and

C.Baumal, Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema, Ophthalmology 109 (5), 920-927 (2002).

350.P. Massin, F. Audren, B. Haouchine, A. Erginay, J. F. Bergmann, R. Benosman,

C.Caulin and A. Gaudric, Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic diffuse macular edema: preliminary results of a prospective controlled trial, Ophthalmology 111 (2), 218-224; discussion 224-215 (2004).

351.M. Tunc, H. I. Onder and M. Kaya, Posterior sub-Tenon’s capsule triamcinolone injection combined with focal laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema, Ophthalmology 112 (6), 1086-1091 (2005).

352.K. Krepler, J. Wagner, S. Sacu and A. Wedrich, The effect of intravitreal triamcinolone on diabetic macular oedema, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 243 (5), 478-481 (2005).

353.M. A. Bonini-Filho, R. Jorge, J. C. Barbosa, D. Calucci, J. A. Cardillo and R. A. Costa, Intravitreal injection versus sub-Tenon’s infusion of triamcinolone acetonide for refractory diabetic macular edema: a randomized clinical trial, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 (10), 3845-3849 (2005).

354.L. Wang and C. Yang, “Sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of triamciolone acetonide,”in: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 13th Ed., Taylor & Francis, 2005, pp. 295-300.

355.J. B. Jonas and R. Degenring, Intravitreal injection of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular oedema, Klin. Monatsbl. Augenheilkd 219 (6), 429-432 (2002).

356.P. Mruthyunjaya, D. Khalatbari, P. Yang, S. Stinnett, M. Hanes and G. J. Jaffe, An Intravitreal Sustained-Release Fluocinolone Acetonide Device to Treat Severe Experimental Uveitis, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 S4215 (2003).

357.J. Y. Driot, G. D. Novack, K. D. Rittenhouse, C. Milazzo and P. A. Pearson, Ocular pharmacokinetics of fluocinolone acetonide after Retisert intravitreal implantation in rabbits over a 1-year period, J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 20 (3), 269-275 (2004).

358.R. G. Devenyi, High school math helps explain observations during 25-gauge vitrectomy surgery, Can. J. Ophthalmol. 39 (5), 488 (2004).

359.G. J. Jaffe, R. M. McCallum, B. Branchaud, C. Skalak, Z. Butuner and P. Ashton, Longterm follow-up results of a pilot trial of a fluocinolone acetonide implant to treat posterior uveitis, Ophthalmology 112 (7), 1192-1198 (2005).

512

D. P. Bingaman et al.

360.B. D. Kupperman, M. S. Blumenkranz, J. A. Haller, G. A. Williams and P. S. Group, An Intravitreous Dexamethasone Bioerodible Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 S4289 (2003).

361.J. A. Haller, M. S. Blumenkranz, G. A. Williams, B. D. Kupperman and P. S. Group, Treatment of Persistent Macular Edema Associated With Central and Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion With Extended Delivery of Intravitreal Dexamethasone, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 S4311 (2003).

362.G. A. Williams, M. S. Blumenkranz, J. A. Haller, B. D. Kupperman and P. S. Group, Treatment of persistent macular edema (PME) associated with uveitus or Irvine-Gass syndrome (IGS) with an intravitreal bioerodible sustained dexamethasone release implant: A prospective controlled multi-center clinical trial, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (44), S4309 (2003).

363.D. BenEzra, B. W. Griffin, G. Maftzir, N. A. Sharif and A. F. Clark, Topical formulations of novel angiostatic steroids inhibit rabbit corneal neovascularization,

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 38 (10), 1954-1962 (1997).

364.A. F. Clark, AL-3789: a novel ophthalmic angiostatic steroid, Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 6 (12), 1867-1877 (1997).

365.R. Yang, J. R. McColm, D. P. Bingaman and J. S. Penn, The Effect of Anecortave Acetate on VEGF Message and Protein Levels in Hypoxic Müller Cells and in Rat OIR,

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 E-4177 (2005).

366.C. Liu, X. Gu, W. Wang, -H and D. P. Bingaman, Local Delivery of Anecortave Acetate Inhibits the Expression of Retinal IGF-1/IGF-1 Receptor in the Rat OIR Model, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 E-4135 (2005).

367.L. G. McNatt, L. Weimer, J. Yanni and A. F. Clark, Angiostatic activity of steroids in the chick embryo CAM and rabbit cornea models of neovascularization, J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 15 (5), 413-423 (1999).

368.D. J. D’Amico, M. F. Goldberg, H. Hudson, J. A. Jerdan, D. S. Krueger, S. P. Luna,

S.M. Robertson, S. Russell, L. Singerman, J. S. Slakter, L. Yannuzzi and P. Zilliox, Anecortave acetate as monotherapy for treatment of subfoveal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: twelve-month clinical outcomes, Ophthalmology 110 (12), 2372-2383; discussion 2384-2375 (2003).

369.J. S. Slakter, T. W. Bochow, D. J. D’Amico, B. Marks, J. Jerdan, E. K. Sullivan,

S.M. Robertson, J. S. Slakter, G. Sullins and P. Zilliox, Anecortave acetate (15 milligrams) versus photodynamic therapy for treatment of subfoveal neovascularization in agerelated macular degeneration, Ophthalmology 113 (1), 3-13 (2006).

370.J. M. DeFaller and A. F. Clark, “A new pharmacological treatment for angiogenesis,”in:

Pterygium. The Netherlands: Kugler Publications, Kugler Publications, The Hague, 2000, pp. 159-181.

371.J. S. Penn, V. S. Rajaratnam, R. J. Collier and A. F. Clark, The effect of an angiostatic steroid on neovascularization in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42 (1), 283-290 (2001).

372.R. Yang, G. W. McCollum, D. P. Bingaman and J. S. Penn, Inhibition Of VEGFInduced Endothelial Cell Poliferation And Differentiation By Steroidal And Nonsteroidal Cox Inhibitors With Variable Cox-1/Cox-2 Selectivity, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 E-1914 (2004).

373.D. P. Bingaman, C. Liu, R. A. Landers and X. Gu, Local delivery of anecortave acetate inhibits laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the mouse, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 E-1850 (2004).

374.D. C. Dahlin, D. Trawick, P. Zilliox, S. M. Robertson, M. Sanders, C. Struble and

A.F. Clark, Design of a Specialized Cannula for Posterior Juxtascleral Delivery of

23. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for PSNV

513

Anecortave Acetate to the Retina for Treatment CNV Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 E-5036 (2003).

375.S. R. Russell, H. L. Hudson, J. A. Jerdan, D. J. D’Amico, M. F. Goldberg, D. S. Krueger,

S.P. Luna, S. M. Robertson, L. Singerman, J. S. Slakter, L. Yannuzzi and P. Zilliox, Anecortave acetate for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration - a review of clinical outcomes, Survey of Ophthalmology In the press (2006).

376.G. N. Levy, Prostaglandin H synthases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and colon cancer, FASEB J. 11 (4), 234-247 (1997).

377.P. Needleman, J. Turk, B. A. Jakschik, A. R. Morrison and J. B. Lefkowith, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55 69-102 (1986).

378.L. J. Crofford, COX-1 and COX-2 tissue expression: implications and predictions,

J.Rheumatol. Suppl. 49 15-19 (1997).

379.N. Quan, M. Whiteside and M. Herkenham, Cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA expression in rat brain after peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide, Brain Res. 802 (1-2), 189-197 (1998).

380.P. A. Adegboyega and O. Ololade, Immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in normal kidneys, Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 12 (1), 71-74 (2004).

381.J. Damm, T. Rau, C. Maihofner, A. Pahl and K. Brune, Constitutive expression and localization of COX-1 and COX-2 in rabbit iris and ciliary body, Exp. Eye Res. 72 (6), 611-621 (2001).

382.C. S. Kim, S. N. Lee, J. H. Kim and C. J. Park, Expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX- 2) in the retina and the effect of COX-2 inhibitor on the mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 S3254 (2005).

383.R. L. Roberts, J. Peysakhov, D. L. Knoerzer, J. R. Connor, T. C. Hohman and

B.A. Berkowitz, COX-2 and iNOS drug intervention in experimental diabetic retinopathy:

Afunctional MRI study, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 S3199 (2004).

384.T. S. Kern, C. M. Miller, Y. Du, L. Zheng1, S. Mohr, S. L. Ball, J. J.A., M. Kim and

D.P. Bingaman, Topical administration of Nepafenac inhibits diabetes-induced retinal microvascular disease and underlying abnormalities of retinal metabolism and physiology, Diabetes 56 (2), 373-379 (2007).

385.S. P. Ayalasomayajula and U. B. Kompella, Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, inhibits retinal vascular endothelial growth factor expression and vascular leakage in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 458 (3), 283-289 (2003).

386.S. P. Ayalasomayajula, A. C. Amrite and U. B. Kompella, Inhibition of cyclooxygenase- 2, but not cyclooxygenase-1, reduces prostaglandin E2 secretion from diabetic rat retinas, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 498 (1-3), 275-278 (2004).

387.S. P. Ayalasomayajula and U. B. Kompella, Retinal delivery of celecoxib is several-fold higher following subconjunctival administration compared to systemic administration, Pharm. Res. 21 (10), 1797-1804 (2004).

388.S. P. Ayalasomayajula and U. B. Kompella, Subconjunctivally administered celecoxibPLGA microparticles sustain retinal drug levels and alleviate diabetes-induced oxidative stress in a rat model, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 511 (2-3), 191-198 (2005).

389.T. S. Kern and R. L. Engerman, Pharmacological inhibition of diabetic retinopathy: aminoguanidine and aspirin, Diabetes 50 (7), 1636-1642 (2001).

390.D. A. Gamache, G. Graff, M. T. Brady, J. M. Spellman and J. M. Yanni, Nepafenac, a unique nonsteroidal prodrug with potential utility in the treatment of trauma-induced ocular inflammation: I. Assessment of anti-inflammatory efficacy, Inflammation 24 (4), 357-370 (2000).

514

D. P. Bingaman et al.

391.M. A. Kapin, J. M. Yanni, M. T. Brady, T. J. McDonough, J. G. Flanagan, M. H. Rawji,

D.C. Dahlin, M. E. Sanders and D. A. Gamache, Inflammation-mediated retinal edema in the rabbit is inhibited by topical nepafenac, Inflammation 27 (5), 281-291 (2003).

392.K. Takahashi, Y. Saishin, K. Mori, A. Ando, S. Yamamoto, Y. Oshima, H. Nambu,

M.B. Melia, D. P. Bingaman and P. A. Campochiaro, Topical nepafenac inhibits ocular neovascularization, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 (1), 409-415 (2003).

393.G. R. Pettit, S. B. Singh, E. Hamel, C. M. Lin, D. S. Alberts and D. Garcia Kendall, Isolation and structure of the strong cell growth and tubulin inhibitor combretastatin A-4, Experientia 45 (2), 209-211 (1989).

394.G. G. Dark, S. A. Hill, V. E. Prise, G. M. Tozer, G. R. Pettit and D. J. Chaplin, Combretastatin A-4, an agent that displays potent and selective toxicity toward tumor vasculature, Cancer Res. 57 (10), 1829-1834 (1997).

395.G. M. Tozer, V. E. Prise, J. Wilson, R. J. Locke, B. Vojnovic, M. R. Stratford, M. F. Dennis and D. J. Chaplin, Combretastatin A-4 phosphate as a tumor vascular-targeting agent: early effects in tumors and normal tissues, Cancer Res. 59 (7), 1626-1634 (1999).

396.J. Griggs, R. Hesketh, G. A. Smith, K. M. Brindle, J. C. Metcalfe, G. A. Thomas and

E.D. Williams, Combretastatin-A4 disrupts neovascular development in non-neoplastic tissue, Br. J. Cancer 84 (6), 832-835 (2001).

397.S. M. Galbraith, D. J. Chaplin, F. Lee, M. R. Stratford, R. J. Locke, B. Vojnovic and

G.M. Tozer, Effects of combretastatin A4 phosphate on endothelial cell morphology in vitro and relationship to tumour vascular targeting activity in vivo, Anticancer Res. 21 (1A), 93-102 (2001).

398.D. J. Chaplin and G. J. Dougherty, Tumour vasculature as a target for cancer therapy, Br. J. Cancer 80 (Suppl 1) 57-64 (1999).

399.J. Griggs, J. N. Skepper, G. A. Smith, K. M. Brindle, J. C. Metcalfe and R. Hesketh, Inhibition of proliferative retinopathy by the anti-vascular agent combretastatin-A4, Am. J. Pathol. 160 (3), 1097-1103 (2002).

400.H. Nambu, R. Nambu, M. Melia and P. A. Campochiaro, Combretastatin A-4 phosphate suppresses development and induces regression of choroidal neovascularization, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 (8), 3650-3655 (2003).

401.OXiGENE-Newsrelease, OXiGENE Announces Interim Results of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Trial of Combretastatin A4 Prodrug., http://www.oxigene.com/ press/pressreleases.asp (2004).

402.OXiGENE-Newsrelease, OXiGENE Initiates Phase II Clinical Trial in Myopic Macular Degeneration with Lead Compound CA4P., http://www.oxigene.com/press/ pressreleases.asp (2004).

403.OXiGENE-Newsrelease, OXiGENE Provides Update on Vascular Targeting Programs in Ophthalmology, (2005).

404.K. S. Moore, S. Wehrli, H. Roder, M. Rogers, J. N. Forrest, Jr., D. McCrimmon and

M.Zasloff, Squalamine: an aminosterol antibiotic from the shark, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (4), 1354-1358 (1993).

405.R. J. Pietras and O. K. Weinberg, Antiangiogenic Steroids in Human Cancer Therapy,

Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2 (1), 49-57 (2005).

406.A. K. Sills, Jr., J. I. Williams, B. M. Tyler, D. S. Epstein, E. P. Sipos, J. D. Davis,

M.P. McLane, S. Pitchford, K. Cheshire, F. H. Gannon, W. A. Kinney, T. L. Chao,

M.Donowitz, J. Laterra, M. Zasloff and H. Brem, Squalamine inhibits angiogenesis and solid tumor growth in vivo and perturbs embryonic vasculature, Cancer Res. 58 (13), 2784-2792 (1998).

407.B. A. Teicher, J. I. Williams, H. Takeuchi, G. Ara, R. S. Herbst and D. Buxton, Potential of the aminosterol, squalamine in combination therapy in the rat 13,762 mammary

23. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for PSNV

515

carcinoma and the murine Lewis lung carcinoma, Anticancer Res. 18 (4A), 2567-2573 (1998).

408.D. Li, J. I. Williams and R. J. Pietras, Squalamine and cisplatin block angiogenesis and growth of human ovarian cancer cells with or without HER-2 gene overexpression, Oncogene 21 (18), 2805-2814 (2002).

409.M. Genaidy, A. A. Kazi, G. A. Peyman, E. Passos Machado, H. G. Farahat, J. I. Williams,

K.J. Holroyd and D. A. Blake, Effect of squalamine on iris neovascularization in monkeys, Retina 22 (6), 772-778 (2002).

410.R. D. Higgins, R. J. Sanders, Y. Yan, M. Zasloff and J. I. Williams, Squalamine improves retinal neovascularization, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 (6), 1507-1512 (2000).

411.R. D. Higgins, Y. Yan, Y. Geng, M. Zasloff and J. I. Williams, Regression of retinopathy by squalamine in a mouse model, Pediatr. Res. 56 (1), 144-149 (2004).

412.T. A. Ciulla, M. H. Criswell, R. P. Danis, J. I. Williams, M. P. McLane and

K.J. Holroyd, Squalamine lactate reduces choroidal neovascularization in a laser-injury model in the rat, Retina 23 (6), 808-814 (2003).

413.S. Akhter, S. K. Nath, C. M. Tse, J. Williams, M. Zasloff and M. Donowitz, Squalamine, a novel cationic steroid, specifically inhibits the brush-border Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE3, Am. J. Physiol. 276 (1 Pt 1), C136-144 (1999).

414.Q. Chen, J. I. William, M. Anderson and e. al., Constitutive and inducible interleukin 8 expression by hypoxia and acidosis renders human pancreatic cancer cells more tumorigenic and metastatic, Clinical Cancer Research 5 (11), 3768s (1999).

415.Geneara-PressRoom, Genaera corporation terminates Evizon™ clinical program and restructures, http://www.genaera.com/press_room.php?page=133 January 3 (2007).

416.C. A. Garcia, H. Quiroz-Mercado, S. Uwaydat, R. Sepulveda-Flores, A. Meza-de Regil,

K.J. Holroyd, A. Desai, S. Solis, L. Estrada and G. A. Peyman, A phase I/II trial of intravenous squalamine lactate for treatment of choroidal neovascularization in agerelated macular degeneration ARMD). Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 E-2362 (2004).

417.T. A. Ciulla, C. Regillo, A. Desai, R. Levitt, J. Nau and C. A. Garcia, A phase II, multicenter, randomized controlled, masked study of the effects of sualamine lactate in combination with visudyne in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 E-2363 (2005).

418.P. C. Maisonpierre, C. Suri, P. F. Jones, S. Bartunkova, S. J. Wiegand, C. Radziejewski,

D.Compton, J. McClain, T. H. Aldrich, N. Papadopoulos, T. J. Daly, S. Davis,

T.N. Sato and G. D. Yancopoulos, Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis, Science 277 (5322), 55-60 (1997).

419.M. S. O Reilly, L. Holmgren, Y. Shing, C. Chen, R. A. Rosenthal, M. Moses, W. S. Lane,

Y.Cao, E. H. Sage and J. Folkman, Angiostatin: a novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by a Lewis lung carcinoma, Cell 79 (2), 315-328 (1994).

420.M. S. O Reilly, T. Boehm, Y. Shing, N. Fukai, G. Vasios, W. S. Lane, E. Flynn,

J.R. Birkhead, B. R. Olsen and J. Folkman, Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, Cell 88 (2), 277-285 (1997).

421.D. Brouty-Boye and B. R. Zetter, Inhibition of cell motility by interferon, Science 208 (4443), 516-518 (1980).

422.R. A. Ezekowitz, J. B. Mulliken and J. Folkman, Interferon alfa-2a therapy for lifethreatening hemangiomas of infancy, N. Engl. J. Med. 326 (22), 1456-1463 (1992).

516

D. P. Bingaman et al.

423.Y. A. Sidky and E. C. Borden, Inhibition of angiogenesis by interferons: effects on tumorand lymphocyte-induced vascular responses, Cancer Res. 47 (19), 5155-5161 (1987).

424.W. R. Skowsky, T. Siddiqui, D. Hodgetts, F. H. Lambrou, Jr., M. W. Stewart and

M.T. Foster, Jr., A pilot study of chronic recombinant interferon-alfa 2a for diabetic proliferative retinopathy: metabolic effects and opthalmologic effects, J. Diabetes Complications 10 (2), 94-99 (1996).

425.Interferon alfa-2a is ineffective for patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Results of a prospective randomized placebocontrolled clinical trial. Pharmacological Therapy for Macular Degeneration Study Group, Arch. Ophthalmol. 115 (7), 865-872 (1997).

426.P. J. Kertes, W. A. Britton, Jr. and B. C. Leonard, Intravitreal interferon alpha-2b for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study, Can. J. Ophthalmol. 32 (3), 185-188 (1997).

427.R. J. D Amato, M. S. Loughnan, E. Flynn and J. Folkman, Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (9), 4082-4085 (1994).

428.B. M. Kenyon, F. Browne and R. J. D’Amato, Effects of thalidomide and related metabolites in a mouse corneal model of neovascularization, Exp. Eye Res. 64 (6), 971-978 (1997).

429.M. G. Maguire, S. L. Fine, A. M. Maguire, R. J. D’Amato and L. J. Singerman, Results of the age-related macular degeneration and thalidomide study (AMDATS), Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42 S233-1255 (2001).

430.J. Tombran Tink and L. V. Johnson, Neuronal differentiation of retinoblastoma cells induced by medium conditioned by human RPE cells, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 30 (8), 1700-1707 (1989).

431.J. Potempa, E. Korzus and J. Travis, The serpin superfamily of proteinase inhibitors: structure, function, and regulation, J. Biol. Chem. 269 (23), 15957-15960 (1994).

432.J. Tombran-Tink, G. G. Chader and L. V. Johnson, PEDF: a pigment epithelium-derived factor with potent neuronal differentiative activity, Exp. Eye Res. 53 (3), 411-414 (1991).

433.M. Cayouette, S. B. Smith, S. P. Becerra and C. Gravel, Pigment epithelium-derived factor delays the death of photoreceptors in mouse models of inherited retinal degenerations, Neurobiology of Disease 6 (6), 523-532 (1999).

434.D. W. Dawson, O. V. Volpert, P. Gillis, S. E. Crawford, H. J. Xu, W. Benedict and

N.P. Bouck, Pigment epithelium-derived factor: A potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, Science 285 (5425), 245-248 (1999).

435.V. Stellmach, S. E. Crawford, W. Zhou and N. Bouck, Prevention of ischemia-induced retinopathy by the natural ocular antiangiogenic agent pigment epithelium-derived factor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (5), 2593-2597 (2001).

436.C. J. Barnstable and J. Tombran Tink, Neuroprotective and antiangiogenic actions of PEDF in the eye: molecular targets and therapeutic potential, Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 23 (5), 561-577 (2004).

437.G. Gao, Y. Li, D. Zhang, S. Gee, C. Crosson and J. Ma, Unbalanced expression of VEGF and PEDF in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization, FEBS Letters 489 (2-3), 270-276 (2001).

438.N. Ogata, J. Tombran-Tink, M. Nishikawa, T. Nishimura, Y. Mitsuma, T. Sakamoto and

M.Matsumura, Pigment epithelium-derived factor in the vitreous is low in diabetic retinopathy and high in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 132 (3), 378-382 (2001).

23. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for PSNV

517

439.N. Ogata, M. Nishikawa, T. Nishimura, Y. Mitsuma and M. Matsumura, Unbalanced vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 134 (3), 348-353 (2002).

440.B. O. Boehm, G. Lang, O. Volpert, P. M. Jehle, A. Kurkhaus, S. Rosinger, G. K. Lang and N. Bouck, Low content of the natural ocular anti-angiogenic agent pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in aqueous humor predicts progression of diabetic retinopathy, Diabetologia 46 (3), 394-400 (2003).

441.N. M. Holekamp, N. Bouck and O. Volpert, Pigment epithelium-derived factor is deficient in the vitreous of patients with choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 134 (2), 220-227 (2002).

442.S. Yamagishi, Y. Inagaki, S. Amano, T. Okamoto, M. Takeuchi and Z. Makita, Pigment epithelium-derived factor protects cultured retinal pericytes from advanced glycation end product-induced injury through its antioxidative properties, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 296 (4), 877-882 (2002).

443.E. J. Duh, H. S. Yang, I. Suzuma, M. Miyagi, E. Youngman, K. Mori, M. Katai, L. Yan,

K.Suzuma, K. West, S. Davarya, P. Tong, P. Gehlbach, J. Pearlman, J. W. Crabb,

L.P. Aiello, P. A. Campochiaro and D. J. Zack, Pigment epithelium-derived factor suppresses ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization and VEGF-induced migration and growth, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43 (3), 821-829 (2002).

444.K. Mori, E. Duh, P. Gehlbach, A. Ando, K. Takahashi, J. Pearlman, H. S. Yang,

D.J. Zack, D. Ettyreddy, D. E. Brough, L. L. Wei and P. A. Campochiaro, Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits retinal and choroidal neovascularization, J. Cell. Physiol. 188 (2), 253-263 (2001).

445.B. J. Raisler, K. I. Berns, M. B. Grant, D. Beliaev and W. W. Hauswirth, Adenoassociated virus type-2 expression of pigmented epithelium-derived factor or Kringles 1-3 of angiostatin reduce retinal neovascularization, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 (13), 8909-8914 (2002).

446.K. Mori, P. Gehlbach, S. Yamamoto, E. Duh, D. J. Zack, Q. Li, K. I. Berns, B. J. Raisler,

W.W. Hauswirth and P. A. Campochiaro, AAV-mediated gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits choroidal neovascularization, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43 (6), 1994-2000 (2002).

447.H. Rasmussen, K. W. Chu, P. Campochiaro, P. L. Gehlbach, J. A. Haller, J. T. Handa,

Q.D. Nguyen and J. U. Sung, Clinical protocol. An open-label, phase I, single administration, dose-escalation study of ADGVPEDF.11D (ADPEDF) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Hum. Gene Ther. 12 (16), 2029-2032 (2001).

448.Y. Saishin, R. L. Silva, Y. Saishin, S. Kachi, S. Aslam, Y. Y. Gong, H. Lai, M. Carrion,

B.Harris, M. Hamilton, L. Wei and P. A. Campochiaro, Periocular gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits choroidal neovascularization in a humansized eye, Hum. Gene Ther. 16 (4), 473-478 (2005).

449.GenVec-Press-Release, GenVec’s Potent Antiangiogenic to Prevent Vision Loss Highlighted at Leading Ophthalmology Meeting, http://www.corporate-ir.net/ ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=GNVC&script=417&layout=-6&item_id=290731 May 06

(2002).

450.GenVec-Press-Release, GenVec Begins Phase I Clinical Trial in Patients With AgeRelated Macular Degeneration, http://www.corporate-ir.net/ireye/ir_site.zhtml? ticker=GNVC&script=417&layout=-6&item_id=359682 November 26 (2002).

451.GenVec-Press-Release, Update on Progress of GenVec’s Phase 1 Clinical Trial In Patients With Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration, http://www.corporate-ir.net/ ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=GNVC&script=417&layout=-6&item_id=470589 November 17 (2003).