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Research Projects in Dry Eye Syndrome

Developments in Ophthalmology

Vol. 45

Series Editors

F. Bandello Milan

W. Behrens-Baumann Magdeburg

Research Projects in

Dry Eye Syndrome

Volume Editor

Horst Brewitt Hannover

54 figures, 1 in color, and 8 tables, 2010

Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · Bangalore ·

Bangkok · Shanghai · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney

Horst Brewitt

Ubbenstrasse 11

DE–30159 Hannover

This book was generously supported by

and

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Research projects in dry eye syndrome / volume editor, Horst Brewitt.

p. ; cm. -- (Developments in ophthalmology, ISSN 0250-3751 ; v. 45) Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-3-8055-9418-9 (hard cover : alk. paper)

1. Dry eye syndromes. I. Brewitt, H. (Horst) II. Series: Developments in ophthalmology, v. 45. 0250-3751 ;

[DNLM: 1. Dry Eye Syndromes. W1 DE998NG v.45 2010 / WW 208 R432 2010] RE216.D78R47 2010

617.7 1--dc22

2010007067

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and Index Medicus.

Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

© Copyright 2010 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com

Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Reinhardt Druck, Basel ISSN 0250–3751

ISBN 978–3–8055–9418–9 e-ISBN 978–3–8055–9419–6

Section Title

Contents

VII List of Contributors

XI Preface

Brewitt, H. (Hannover)

1Trefoil Factor Family Peptide 3 at the Ocular Surface. A Promising Therapeutic Candidate for Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome?

Schulze, U.; Sel, S.; Paulsen, F.P. (Halle/Saale)

12Cationic Amino Acid Transporters and β-Defensins in Dry Eye Syndrome

Jäger, K.; Garreis, F.; Dunse, M.; Paulsen, F.P. (Halle/Saale)

16Antimicrobial Peptides as a Major Part of the Innate Immune Defense at the Ocular Surface

Garreis, F.; Gottschalt, M.; Paulsen, F.P. (Halle/Saale)

23Regulation of the Inflammatory Component in Chronic Dry Eye Disease by the Eye-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (EALT)

Knop, N. (Hannover); Knop, E. (Berlin)

40Intravital Multidimensional Real-Time Imaging of the Conjunctival Immune System

Gehlsen, U.; Hüttmann, G.; Steven, P. (Lübeck)

49Generation of Twoand Three-Dimensional Lacrimal Gland Constructs

Schrader, S. (London/Lübeck); Liu, L. (Birmingham); Kasper, K.; Geerling, G. (Würzburg)

57Midterm Results of Cultivated Autologous and Allogeneic Limbal Epithelial Transplantation in Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency

Pauklin, M.; Fuchsluger, T.A.; Westekemper, H.; Steuhl, K.-P.; Meller, D. (Essen)

71Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy for Conjunctival Epithelium Imaging

Jürgens, C.; Rath, R.; Giebel, J.; Tost, F.H.W. (Greifswald)

83Pollen Enzymes Degrade Human Tear Fluid and Conjunctival Cells: An Approach to Understanding Seasonal Non-Allergic Conjunctivitis

Rabensteiner, D.F.; Spreitzhofer, E.; Trummer, G.; Wachswender, C.; Kirchengast, S.; Horwath-Winter, J.; Schmut, O. (Graz)

93Towards a New in vitro Model of Dry Eye: The ex vivo Eye Irritation Test

Spöler, F.; Frentz, M.; Schrage, N.F. (Aachen)

108The Lid Margin Is an Underestimated Structure for Preservation of Ocular Surface Health and Development of Dry Eye Disease

Knop, E. (Berlin); Korb, D.R.; Blackie, C.A. (Boston, Mass.); Knop, N. (Hannover)

V

123Diagnostic Markers of Sjögren’s Syndrome

Witte, T. (Hannover)

129Hyperosmolarity of the Tear Film in Dry Eye Syndrome

Messmer, E.M.; Bulgen, M.; Kampik, A. (Munich)

139Novel Ocular Lubricant Containing an Intelligent Delivery System: Details of Its Mechanism of Action

Springs, C. (Indianapolis, Ind.)

148Author Index

149Subject Index

VI

Contents

List of Contributors

Caroline A. Blackie, Dr.

Fabian Garreis

Korb Associates

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology

400 Commonwealth Ave.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Unit 2

Grosse Steinstrasse 52

Boston, MA 02215 (USA)

DE–06097 Halle/Saale (Germany)

E-Mail cblackie@tearscience.com

E-Mail fabian.garreis@medizin.uni-halle.de

Horst Brewitt, Prof. Dr.

Gerd Geerling, Prof. Dr.

Ubbenstrasse 11

Klinik für Augenheilkunde

DE–30159 Hannover (Germany)

Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg

E-Mail HorstBrewitt@T-Online.de

Josef-Schneider-Str. 11

Meral Bulgen

DE–97080 Würzburg

E-Mail G.Geerling@augenklinik.uni-

Department of Ophthalmology

wuerzburg.de

Ludwig Maximilian University

U. Gehlsen, Dr.

Mathildenstrasse 8

DE–80336 Munich (Germany)

Department of Ophthalmology

E-Mail meral.bulgen@yahoo.de

University Medical Center Schleswig-

Matthias Dunse

Holstein

Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology

DE–23538 Lübeck (Germany)

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

E-Mail gehlsen@anat.uni-luebeck.de

Grosse Steinstrasse 52

Jürgen Giebel, Prof. Dr.

DE–06097 Halle/Saale (Germany)

E-Mail info@matthiasdunse.de

Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology

Markus Frentz

Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University

Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23c

Department of Ophthalmology

DE–17487 Greifswald (Germany)

RWTH Aachen University

E-Mail giebel@uni-greifswald.de

Pauwelsstraße 30

Maria Gottschalt, Dr.

DE–52074 Aachen (Germany)

E-Mail frentz@acto.de

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology

Thomas A. Fuchsluger, Dr.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Grosse Steinstrasse 52

Department of Ophthalmology

DE–06097 Halle/Saale (Germany)

University of Duisburg-Essen

E-Mail maria.gottschalt@web.de

Hufelandstrasse 55

 

DE–45122 Essen (Germany)

 

E-Mail thomas.fuchsluger@uk-essen.de

 

VII

Jutta Horwath-Winter, Dr.

Erich Knop, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology

Research Laboratory of the Department of

Medical University of Graz

Ophthalmology CVK

Auenbruggerplatz 4

Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin

AT–8036 Graz (Austria)

Ziegelstrasse 5–9

E-Mail jutta.horwath@medunigraz.at

DE–10117 Berlin (Germany)

Gereon Hüttmann, Dr.

E-Mail erich.knop@charite.de

Nadja Knop, Dr.

Biomedical Optics

University of Lübeck

Department of Cell Biology in Anatomy

Peter-Monnik-Weg 4

Hannover Medical School

DE–23562 Lübeck (Germany)

Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1

E-Mail huettmann@bmo.uni-luebeck.de

DE–30625 Hannover (Germany)

Kristin Jäger, Dr.

E-Mail knopnadja@aol.com

Donald R. Korb, Prof. Dr.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Korb Associates

Grosse Steinstrasse 52

400 Commonwealth Ave.

DE–06097 Halle/Saale (Germany)

Unit 2

E-Mail kristin.jaeger@medizin.uni-halle.de

Boston, MA 02215 (USA)

Clemens Jürgens, Dr.

E-Mail drkorb@aol.com

L. Liu, Dr.

Klinik für Augenheilkunde

Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald

Academic Unit of Ophthalmology

Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse

Institute of Biomedical Research

DE–17475 Greifswald (Germany)

College of Medical and Dental Sciences

E-Mail juergens@uni-greifswald.de

University of Birmingham

Anselm Kampik, Prof. Dr.

GB–B15 2TT Birmingham (UK)

E-Mail leiliudang@googlemail.com

Augenklinik der LMU

Daniel Meller, Prof. Dr.

Klinikum der Universität München

Campus Innenstadt

Department of Ophthalmology

Mathildenstrasse 8

University of Duisburg-Essen

DE–80336 Munich (Germany)

Hufelandstrasse 55

E-Mail akampik@med.uni-muenchen.de

DE–45122 Essen (Germany)

Karsten Kasper

E-Mail daniel.meller@uk-essen.de

Elisabeth M. Messmer, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology

Julius Maximilian University Würzburg

Department of Ophthalmology

Josef-Schneider-Straße 11

Ludwig Maximilian University

DE–97080 Würzburg (Germany)

Mathildenstrasse 8

E-Mail k-augen@augenklinik.uni-

DE–80336 Munich (Germany)

wuerzburg.de

E-Mail emessmer@med.uni-muenchen.de

Sieglinde Kirchengast

Mikk Pauklin, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

Medical University of Graz

University of Duisburg-Essen

Auenbruggerplatz 4

Hufelandstrasse 55

AT–8036 Graz (Austria)

DE–45122 Essen (Germany)

E-Mail sieglinde.kirchengast@

E-Mail mikkpauklin@gmail.com

medunigraz.at

 

VIII

List of Contributors

Friedrich P. Paulsen, Prof. Dr.

Department of Anatomy II University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstraße 19

DE-91054 Erlangen

E-Mail friedrich.paulsen@anatomie2.med. uni-erlangen.de

Dieter Franz Rabensteiner, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Graz Auenbruggerplatz 4

AT–8036 Graz (Austria)

E-Mail dieter.rabensteiner@medunigraz.at

Robert Rath, Dr.

Klinik für Augenheilkunde Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DE–17475 Greifswald (Germany)

E-Mail rath.r@freenet.de

Otto Schmut, Prof. Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Graz Auenbruggerplatz 4

AT–8036 Graz (Austria)

E-Mail otto.schmut@medunigraz.at

Stefan Schrader, Dr.

Cells for Sight Transplantation and Research Programme Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics

UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11–43 Bath Street

GB–EC1V 9EL London (UK) E-Mail mail@stefanschrader.de

Norbert F. Schrage, Prof. Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology

RWTH Aachen University

Pauwelsstraße 30

DE-52074 Aachen (Germany)

E-Mail schrage@acto.de

Ute Schulze

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Martin Luther University

Grosse Steinstrasse 52 DE–06097 Halle/Saale (Germany)

E-Mail ute.schulze@medizin.uni-halle.de

Saadettin Sel, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology Martin Luther University Grosse Steinstrasse 52

DE–06097 Halle/Saale (Germany)

E-Mail saadettin.sel@medizin.uni-halle.de

Felix Spöler, Dr.

Institute of Semiconductor Electronics RWTH Aachen University Sommerfeldstrasse 24

DE–52074 Aachen (Germany) E-Mail spoeler@iht.rwth-aachen.de

Eva Spreitzhofer, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Graz Auenbruggerplatz 4

AT–8036 Graz (Austria)

E-Mail eva_spreitzhofer@yahoo.de

Clark Springs, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology Indiana University

200 W. 103rd Street No. 2200 Indianapolis, IN 46290 (USA) E-Mail csprings@iupui.edu

Klaus-Peter Steuhl, Prof. Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Duisburg-Essen

Hufelandstrasse 55

DE–45122 Essen (Germany)

E-Mail Klaus-Peter.Steuhl@uk-essen.de

Philipp Steven, Dr.

Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center SchleswigHolstein

Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160 DE–23538 Lübeck (Germany)

E-Mail p.steven@uk-sh.de

Frank Tost, Prof. Dr.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DE–17475 Greifswald (Germany)

E-Mail tost@uni-greifswald.de

List of Contributors

IX