Index

Aberrometry, 15–16

Complications of surgery, 39–40

microanatomy of, 17–18

see also Wavefront aberrations,

clear lens extraction, 32

non-native cells of, 18–19

Wavefront technology

corneal infections, 40

refractive index, 17

Accommodation, surgical restoration of, 77–8

dry eye, 39–40

remodelling, 50

Accuracy, 63

intraocular pressure elevation, 40

resident cells of, 18

LASIK, 59

LASEK, 29

stem cell theory, 19

unilateral versus bilateral treatment, 62

visual complications, 41

ultrastructure, 18–19

Adhesion, 23

LASIK, 30, 37–9, 59

wound healing, 22–3

AK see Arcuate keratotomy

corneal integrity, 38–9

adhesion, 23

American Society of Cataract and

diffuse lamellar keratitis, 38

cell migration, 22

Refractive Surgery, 56

epithelial ingrowth, 37–8

cell proliferation, 22

Ametropia, 5, 12

interface debris, 38

latent phase, 22

intraocular lenses, 78

keratectasia, 39

Corneal hypoaesthesia, 21

Anisometropia

microstriae, 38

Corneal infection, 40

post-PRK, 36

retinal detachment, 39

Corneal inlay lenses, 27, 78

with unilateral treatment, 62

visual complications, 41

Corneal innervation, 21

Arcuate keratotomy, 27, 33

overcorrection, 39

Corneal integrity post-LASIK, 38–9

Argon fluoride excimer laser, 76–7

presbyopic surgery, 33

Corneal oedema, 22

Astigmatism, 12

PRK

Corneal pachymetry, 4–5, 59

post-surgical, 14

anisometropia, 36

Corneal profile, post-operative

Autorefractors, 41

epithelium irregularity, 36

measurement, 41–2

haze, 36

Corneal regeneration and healing, 20–1

Bailey–Lovie chart, 3, 41

visual complications, 41

Corneal sensitivity, 21–2

Bausch and Lomb keratometer, 11

regression, 39

Corneal shape, 10–11

BCVA see Best-corrected visual acuity

stromal infiltrates, 40

descriptors of, 10

Best-corrected visual acuity, 3

undercorrection, 39

Corneal stroma, 19

LASIK, 59

visual, 40–1

microanatomy, 19

phakic intraocular lenses, 31

binocular vision, 43

ultrastructure, 19

Binocular vision problems, 43

contact lens fitting, 43

Corneal surface regularity index, 10

Bioptics, 78

haloes, 43

Corneal topography, 4, 9–16

Bowman’s layer, 17, 19

management of, 41

and aberrometry, 15–16

innervation, 21

non-tolerance of monovision, 43–4

classification, 9–10

microstriae post-LASIK, 38

poor-quality night vision, 42–3

corneal shape, 10–11

ultrastructure, 19

poor-quality vision, 42

history, 9

British Society for Refractive Surgery, 54, 56

starburst effects, 43

limitations of, 15

Confocal microscopy, 23–4

measurement methods, 11–14

Calcitonin gene-related protein, 21

Contact lenses

cornea as projector system, 13–14

Cancer risk of refractive surgery, 44

corneal warpage, 15

cornea as reflector system, 11–12

Case reports, 49–52

factors influencing decision to cease use, 2

presentation of data, 12–13

Cataracts, risk of, 44

fitting post-surgery, 43

videophotokeratoscopy, 12

Cell migration, 22

intraocular, 78

in refractive surgery, 14–15

Cell proliferation, 22

polymegathism, 20

Corneal transparency, 22

CIL see Corneal inlay lenses

Contour maps, 68

Corneal uniformity index, 10

Clear lens extraction, 27, 32

Contract sensitivity function, 6

Corneal warpage, 15

complications, 32

Contrast Acuity Assessment test, 42

Corneal wound healing, 20–1, 22–3

results, 32

Contrast sensitivity post-LASIK, 59–60

endothelium, 20–1, 23

surgical procedure, 32

Corneal anatomy, 17–22

epithelium, 22–3

Co-management, 53–6

Corneal endothelium, 20–1

adhesion, 23

general schedules for, 55–6

long-term damage, 44

cell migration, 22

GP’s role, 54–5

microanatomy, 20

cell proliferation, 22–3

insurance and legal issues, 56

replication and regeneration, 20–1

latent phase, 22

ophthalmologist’s role, 55

ultrastructure, 20

stroma, 23

optometrist’s role, 53–4, 55

wound healing, 20–1, 23

Cost issues, 61

professional relationships/

Corneal epithelium, 17–19

responsibilities, 54

basement membrane, 18

Descemet’s layer, 20

training, 54

ingrowth post-LASIK, 37–8

Diffuse interstitial keratitis, 59

irregularity post-PRK, 36

Diffuse lamellar keratitis, 38, 50–1

Index ■ 81

Diode thermokeratoplasty, 31

Keratitis, 23, 40

post-operative care, 29

Directorate for Optometric Continued

Keratoconus, 2, 4, 27

post-operative follow-up, 39

Education and Training, 54

diagnosis of, 12

refractive outcome, 39

Dry eye, 39–40

Keratocytes, 19, 23

surgical procedure, 29

Drysdale effect, 12

loss of, 24

versus LASIK and PRK, 28, 30–1, 60–1

morphology, 24

visual complications, 41

Elevation, 11

Keratoglobus, 2

visual outcome, 40

Emmetropia, 67, 78

Keratometry, 11

Lasers

European Society of Cataract and

data presentation, 12–13

argon fluoride, 76–7

Refractive Surgeons, 56

Keratomileusis see Laser in-situ

broad beam, 58, 65

Excimer lasers, 28, 57–8

keratomileusis

excimer, 28, 57–8

argon fluoride, 76–7

Keratophakia, 78

holmium, 31

cost of, 61

Keratoscopy, 11

krypton fluoride, 28, 57–8

equipment, 58

KR-7000P, 12

picosecond, 77

krypton fluoride, 28, 57–8

Krypton fluoride excimer laser, 28, 57–8

solid state, 77

new developments, 76–7

LASIK see Laser in-situ keratomileusis

see also LASEK; LASIK

Lamina densa, 18

Lipofuscin, 24

Eye Laser Association, 76

Lamina lucida, 18

Long-term implications of surgery, 44

EyeSys, 4, 12

Langerhans’ cells, 18–19

LASEK see Laser subepithelial keratectomy

Microkeratomes, 58–9

Flap infection, 50–1

Laser in-situ keratomileusis, 3, 27, 29–30

cost of, 61

Flap melt, 51

clinical outcome, 30

Microstriae post-LASIK, 38

Flap transaction, 49–50

complications, 30, 37–9, 59

Microvilli, 18

Fleischer’s rings, 4

corneal integrity, 38–9

Mintel report, 53

Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy, 2

diffuse lamellar keratitis, 38

Modulation transfer function, 72, 74

Fundus examination, 5

epithelial ingrowth, 37–8

Monovision, non-tolerance of, 43–4

interface debris, 38

Muscle balance, 5–6

General Medical Council, 54

keratectasia, 39

Myopia, LASIK for, 30, 60

General Optical Council, 54

microstriae, 38

General practitioners, role in co-

retinal detachment, 39

National Health Service, 62–3

management, 54–5

confocal microscopy, 23–4

Neovascularization, 4

Glaucoma, 2

contraindications, 29

Nidek OPD, 15

Glycosaminoglycans, 19

corneal hypoaesthesia, 21

Night vision, poor-quality, 42–3

damage to microvilli in, 18

Haloes, 43

development of, 57

Oculus Keratograph, 4

Hartmann–Shack, 71

for hyperopia, 30

Oculus Pentacam, 14

Haze post-PRK, 36

indications, 29

Ophthalmologists, role in co-management, 55

Hemidesmosomes, 18, 22

keratocyte morphology, 24

Opticians Act (1989), 55

Holliday diagnostic summary, 11

with LASEK in other eye, 51

Optometrists

Holmium laser thermokeratoplasty, 31

late flap lift, 52

co-management fees, 53–4

Hypermetropia, 67

for myopia, 30

indemnity insurance, 56

Hyperopia, LASIK for, 30, 60

nerve fibre regeneration after, 22

role in co-management, 55

post-operative care, 30

Orbscan, 4, 13, 14, 42, 49, 78

Iatrogenic ectasia, 39

post-operative follow-up, 36–9

Overcorrection, 39

ICRS see Intracorneal ring segment

results, 59–60

Indemnity insurance, 56

accuracy, 59

Pachymetry see Corneal pachymetry

Infiltrates, 19

contrast sensitivity, 59–60

Patient selection, 1–8

post-surgery, 40

high myopia, 60

decision to cease contact lens use, 2

International Council of Refractive

hyperopia, 60

occupational groups, 1

Surgery, 56

loss of best-corrected vision, 59

Pelli–Robson chart, 5, 42

Intracorneal ring segments, 27, 31

predictability, 59

Penetrating keratoplasty, 14

advantages and disadvantages, 31

stability, 59

Pentacam, 78, 79

surgical procedure, 31

surgical procedure, 29–30, 58–9

Phakic intraocular lenses, 27, 31–2

Intraocular lenses, 77

versus LASEK and PRK, 28, 30–1, 58

advantages and disadvantages, 32

contact lenses, 78

visual complications, 41

anterior chamber lens implantation,

see also Phakic intraocular lenses

visual outcome, 40

31–2

Intraocular pressure, 2, 5

Laser subepithelial keratectomy, 27, 28–9,

in conjunction with laser surgery, 78

elevation post-surgery, 40, 60

60–1

posterior chamber lens implant, 31–2

IOLMaster, 78

clinical outcome, 30

Photoablation, 27

complications, 29

Photorefractive keratectomy, 2, 27

Javal–Schiötz keratometer, 11

contraindications, 29

complications

increased prescription after, 50

anisometropia, 36

Keeler Tearscope, 6

indications, 29

epithelium irregularity, 36

Keratectasia, 39, 51–2

with LASIK in other eye, 51

haze, 36