Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Quick Reference Dictionary of Eyecare Terminology 4th edition_Ledford, Hoffman_2005

224 word blindness/Wright stain

word blindness: Another term for alexia.

working lens: Plus-powered lens used during retinoscopy to compensate for the distance between examiner and patient; with a working distance of 66 cm, the power of the working lens is +1.50 diopters; the power of the working lens must be subtracted from the final reading in order to obtain the patient’s refractive error.

Worth 4-dot or Worth four-dot test (W4D): Test of binocular vision or suppression; four illuminated dots (colored white, red, and green) are presented to the patient, who views them through glasses with one red and one green lens.

Wright stain: Dye used to detect and identify immunerelated/inflammatory cells under the microscope.

X

X-linked gene: A gene with a locus on the X (female) chromosome; ocular albinism and some types of color blindness are X-linked; compare Y-linked gene; see also chromosome (sex c.), sex-linked.

xanthelasma/xanthoma: Yellowish, raised, benign growth composed of fatty tissue, generally found on the upper lids but sometimes on the lower; may be associated with elevated cholesterol.

xenon photocoagulator: Device that produces intensely bright light, with ophthalmic applications similar to lasers.

xenophthalmia: General term for unhealthy condition of an eye attributable to the presence of a foreign body. xerophthalmia: Dry eye condition in which the conjunctiva thickens and atrophies and the eye lacks luster.

xerosis: General term referring to tissue dryness.

Y

Y-linked gene: A gene with a locus on the Y (male) chromosome; see also chromosome (sex c.), sex-linked; compare X-linked gene.

Y-sutures (of crystalline lens): Tissue structure of the crystalline lens in which the ends of nuclear and cortical fibers join to form a Y shape; the anterior Y is upright and the posterior is inverted.

YAG laser: See Nd:YAG laser under laser.

yoke muscles: Two extraocular muscles (one of each eye) that are neurologically paired so that they coordinate motion of both eyes in the same direction; also called synergists; see also Hering’s law of simultaneous innervation.

Z

Z. terms: Another term for Zernike polynomials.

Zeis' glands: Oil-producing glands within the eyelids that empty into eyelash follicles.

Zeiss lens: See goniolens.

Zernike polynomials: Mathematical formulas developed to describe the passage of light through a round opening such as the pupil; used to analyze the complex data gathered in aberrometry and derive measures for defocus, astigmatism, and other optical aberrations (named for Frits Zernike, Dutch mathematician who specialized in optical physics); also called Z. terms.

zonules: Fibers that attach the edge of the lens capsule to the ciliary body.

zonulolysis or zonulysis: Breakage of the zonules, occurring either naturally (from trauma) or through intentional or unintentional surgical manipulation.

zygomatic bone: One of the bones of the orbit; also called the cheek bone or malar bone.

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Acronyms and Abbreviations. . . . 229 Appendix 2: Medical Terminology . . . . . . . . . . 245 Appendix 3: Atlas of Ocular Anatomy

Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Appendix 4: The Schematic Eye. . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Appendix 5: The Cranial Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Appendix 6: Classifications of Nystagmus . . . . 267 Appendix 7: Red Eye Differential Diagnosis . . 269 Appendix 8: The Subjective Grading System . . 273 Appendix 9: Slit Lamp Findings for Systemic

Diseases and Conditions. . . . . . . . 281 Appendix 10: Systemic Disorders and Their

Effects On the Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Appendix 11: Ophthalmic Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Appendix 12: Lasers in Ophthalmology . . . . . . . 331 Appendix 13: Ocular and Systemic

Effects of Topical Ocular Drugs . . 335 Appendix 14: Troubleshooting Glasses

Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Appendix 15: Normal Values of Common

Blood Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Appendix 16: The Metric System. . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Appendix 17: English and Metric Conversion . . 355 Appendix 18: Weights and Measures . . . . . . . . . 357 Appendix 19: Optical Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Appendix 20: Manual Alphabet for

Communicating With the

Hearing Impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Appendix 21: The Braille Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Appendix 22: Certification as Paraoptometric

and Ancillary Ophthalmic

Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Appendix 23: Websites Related to Eyecare . . . . . 381 Appendix 24: Suggested Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

A P P E N D I X 1

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

2°IOL: secondary IOL

2°OAG: secondary open-angle glaucoma 3ST: three step test

5-FU: 5-fluorouracil: prism, change

A: applanation tonometry

AA: accommodative amplitude

AAO: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Optometry

ABES: American Board of Eye Surgeons ABK: aphakic bullous keratopathy

ABO: American Board of Ophthalmology, American Board of Opticianry

ac: before meals

AC: anterior chamber, accommodative convergence AC/A: accommodative convergence/accommodation

(ratio)

ACCC: anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis ACES: American College of Eye Surgeons

ACG: angle-closure glaucoma

ACIOL: anterior chamber intraocular lens implant ACL: anterior chamber (intraocular) lens (implant) ACO: anterior capsular opacification

ACR: anterior curve

ACS: American College of Surgeons, Automated Corneal Shaper (trademarked microkeratome)

AG: Amsler grid

AI: accommodative insufficiency

AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AION: anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

230 Appendix 1

AK: astigmatic keratotomy, actinic keratosis, arcuate keratotomy, automated (lamellar) keratoplasty

AKC: atopic keratoconjunctivitis ALK: automated lamellar keratoplasty

ALPI: argon laser peripheral iridoplasty ALT: argon laser trabeculoplasty

AMA: American Medical Association AMD: age-related macular degeneration

AMO: Allergan Medical Optics (company name) ANSI: American National Standards Institute AOA: American Optometric Association

AOZ: anterior optical zone

AOZD: anterior optic zone diameter Ap: applanation tonometry

APD: afferent pupillary defect (Marcus Gunn pupil) AR: autorefraction

Ar: argon laser

ARC: abnormal or anomalous retinal correspondence ARE: acute red eye

AREDS: Age-Related Eye Disease Study ArF: argon fluoride excimer laser ARM: age-related maculopathy

ARMD: age-related macular degeneration ARP: Argyll Robertson pupil

asb: apostilb

ASC: anterior subcapsular cataract

ASCRS: American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

ASICO: American Surgical Instrument Company astig: astigmatism

AT: applanation tonometry, artificial tears

ATPO: Association of Technical Personnel in Ophthalmology

ATR: against-the-rule (astigmatism)

AUPO: Association of University Professors in Ophthalmology

A/V: arteriovenous (as in nicking)

B9: benign

BAK: benzalkonium chloride BAT: Brightness Acuity TesterTM BC: base curve

BCC: basal cell carcinoma

BCVA: best corrected visual acuity BD: base down (prism)

BDR: background diabetic retinopathy BI: base in (prism)

bid: twice daily

BIOM: Binocular Indirect Ophthalmic MicroscopeTM BLL: brow, lids, lashes

BM: basement membrane BO: base out (prism) BRA: branch retinal artery

BRAO: branch retinal artery occlusion BRB: blood-retinal barrier

BRV: branch retinal vein

BRVO: branch retinal vein occlusion BSD: back surface debris

BSS: balanced salt solution BTX: botulinum toxin

BU: base up (prism)

BUT: break-up time (tear test) BUVA: best uncorrected visual acuity BVP: back vertex power

BYVEP: blue-on-yellow visual evoked potential

C3F8: perfluoropropane c: with

C/F: cell/flare CA: carcinoma

CAC: central anterior curve

CACG: chronic angle-closure glaucoma CACT: computer-assisted corneal topography CAI: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

caps: capsule

232 Appendix 1

CAT: computerized tomography (CT scan) CCT: central corneal thickness

cd: candela

c/d: cup-to-disc ratio

CE: cataract extraction, complete exam

CE/IOL: cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant CF: count fingers, cystic fibrosis

CI: convergence insufficiency

CIC: conjunctival impression cytology CK: conductive keratoplasty

CL: contact lens

CLAO: Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists clr: clear

cm: centimeter

CM: cutaneous melanoma CME: cystoid macular edema

CMS: U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMV: cytomegalovirus

CN: cranial nerve

CN II: second cranial nerve (optic nerve)

CN III: third cranial nerve (oculomotor nerve) CN IV: fourth cranial nerve (trochlear nerve) CN V: fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) CN VI: sixth cranial nerve (abducens nerve) CN VII: seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve) CNS: central nervous system

CNV: choroidal neovascularization CO: certified orthoptist, corneal opacity CO2: carbon dioxide

COA®: certified ophthalmic assistant COAG: chronic open-angle glaucoma coll/collyr: eyewash

COMT®: certified ophthalmic medical technologist conj: conjunctiva, conjunctivitis

COT®: certified ophthalmic technician CPC: central posterior curve

CPO: certified paraoptometric

CPOA: certified paraoptometric assistant CPOT: certified paraoptometric technician CPT®: current procedural terminology CRA: central retinal artery

CRAO: central retinal artery occlusion

CRNO: certified registered nurse in ophthalmology CRP: corneal reflection pupillometer

CRT: corneal refractive therapy CRV: central retinal vein

CRVO: central retinal vein occlusion CSR: central serous retinopathy CST: contrast sensitivity test

CT: center thickness (contact lens), computed tomography (CAT scan)

CTL: contact lens(es) CWS: cotton-wool spot cyl: cylinder

d: day

D: disc, diopter(s), distance, diameter D&C: deep and clear

D&Q: deep and quiet dB: decibel

DBC: distance between centers DBL: distance between lenses

DC: dermatochalasis, discharge, discontinue, diopters (of) cylinder

DCR: dacryocystorhinostomy dd: disc diameter

Deq: spherical equivalent

DES: dry eye syndrome, disc edges sharp Dk: oxygen permeability

Dk/L: oxygen transmissibility DLK: diffuse lamellar keratitis DM: diabetes mellitus

DME: diabetic macular edema, diffuse macular edema D/N: distance and near