Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Pickwell's Binocular Vision Anomalies 5th edition_Evans_2007

GLOSSARY

while they maintain fusion. When the eyes move inwards (converge) with base-out prisms, typically the object appears to become smaller and closer. Conversely, when the eyes move outwards (diverge) with base-in prisms the object may appear larger and further away. Note: the acronym refers to the movement of the eyes, not the prism base direction.

Single mirror haploscope An adjustable stereoscope used for the measurement and treatment of binocular vision anomalies.

Skew deviation A usually transient hypertropia in which the eyes move in opposite directions equally: one eye is elevated and the other depressed; an acquired hypertropia, often fairly comitant; often due to a brain stem or cerebellar lesion.

SOLI Acronym for Small Out, Large In (cf. SILO). It refers to the perception that a few people experience when horizontal prisms are introduced while they maintain fusion. When the eyes move outwards (diverge) with base-in prisms, sometimes the object appears to become smaller. Conversely, when the eyes move inwards (converge) with baseout prisms the object may appear larger. Note: the acronym refers to the movement of the eyes, not the prism base direction.

Square wave jerks A relatively common phenomenon in which a small horizontal saccade takes the eye off the fixation point and is quickly corrected by a second saccade.

Squint Synonym of strabismus. The term ‘squint’ is deprecated because it is often used by patients to describe signs other than strabismus.

Stanworth synoptiscope A modification of a synoptophore that allows objects to be viewed in free space. It represents an attempt, only partially successful, to give the synoptophore a less artificial viewing environment.

Stereoacuity (stereo.) A measure of stereopsis. The method of measurement influences the result obtained.

Stereogram Two separate images of an object (e.g. letters, photographs, drawings or pseudo-random dots) with parallax differences between them which, when fused, give a stereoscopic percept. The targets can be fused in a stereoscope or, using overor underconvergence, in free space.

Stereopsis Depth perception due to retinal disparity, i.e. arising from binocular vision.

Stereoscope An instrument (type of haploscope) that allows targets to be presented independently to the two eyes.

Strabismus (strab.) A condition where the visual axes are misaligned by a deviation that is too great for sensory fusion within Panum’s fusional areas. Types of strabismus are exotropia, esotropia, hypertropia and hypotropia. Synonyms of strabismus include heterotropia, turning eye, squint and cast. The last two terms have other meanings and are

382 deprecated.

GLOSSARY

Strabismus fixus A congenital condition in which the affected eye is ‘anchored’ in a position because of fibrous tightening of an extraocular

GLOSSARY

Tangent scale A simple scale calibrated to read prism dioptres. It is sometimes used at 6 or 3 m in the Maddox rod test. A spotlight is at the centre of a horizontal and vertical scale and the patient reports the number on the appropriate scale through which the streak from the rod passes.

Tenoplication The surgical procedure of tucking a muscle tendon in

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