Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Primary Care Ophthalmology_Palay, Krachmer_2005

Therapeutic Medications

385

Generic Name

Trade Name

Typical Dosage

Comments

Topical

Brinzolamide

Azopt (1%)

1 drop 3 times a day

Not as effective as oral preparations

Dorzolamide

Trusopt (2%)

1 drop 3 times a day

Not as effective as oral preparations

hydrochloride

Cosopt

1 drop twice a day

Combined with timolol maleate

Oral

Acetazolamide

Diamox

250 mg tablet 4 times a day

Numerous systemic side effects

Diamox Sequel

500 mg tablet 2 times a day

Slightly better tolerated

Methazolamide

Neptazane

50 mg tablets 2 times a day

Not as effective as Diamox but

appears to be better tolerated by

some patients

Generic Name

Trade Name

Typical Dosage

Comments

Bimatoprost

Lumigan (0.03%)

1 drop daily (evening)

}

Note effects on iris color,

Latanoprost

Xalatan (0.005%)

1 drop daily (evening)

lashes

Travoprost

Travatan (0.004%)

1 drop daily (evening)

Unoprostone

Rescula (0.15%)

1 drop 2 times a day

Not as efficacious

Generic Name

Trade Name

Typical Dosage

Comments

Glycerin

Osmoglyn (50%)

1-1.5 g/kg

Antiemetic often required to

prevent side effect of vomiting

Mannitol

Osmitrol (5%-20%)

0.5-2 g/kg

Intravenous drug; adult dose ranges

from 20 to 200 g/24 hr

Generic Name

Trade Name

Typical Dosage

Mechanism of Action

Azelastine hydrochloride

Optivar

1 drop 2 times a day

Histamine H1 antagonist

Cromolyn

Crolom

1 drop 4 times a day

Mast cell inhibitor

Emedastine difumurate

Emadine

1 drop up to 4 times

H1 antagonist

a day

Epinastine hydrochloride

Elestat

1 drop 2 times a day

Antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer

Ketorolac

Acular

1 drop 4 times a day

NSAID

Ketotifen

Zaditor

1 drop 2 times a day

Antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer

Levocabastin

Livostin

1 drop 4 times a day

H1 antagonist

Lodoxamide

Alomide

1 drop 4 times a day

Mast cell inhibitor

Naphazoline/antazoline

Vasocon-A

1 drop 4 times a day

Antihistamine/decongestant

Naphazoline/pheniramine

Naphcon-A

1 drop 4 times a day

Antihistamine/decongestant

Opcon-A

Nedocromil

Alocril

1 drop 2 times a day

Mast cell stabilizer

Olopatadine hydrochloride

Patanol

1 drop 2 times a day

Antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer

Pemirolast potassium

Alamast

1 drop 4 times a day

Mast cell stabilizer

388

Index

Bowel disease, inflammatory, 301

Arthritis, rheumatoid, 308

Cellulitis

ocular problems associated with,

ocular lesions associated with, 301,

orbital, 48f, 279f, 279-281, 280f

308f, 308-309, 309f

301f

pediatric cases of, 263-264

Artificial tears, 106-107, 375t

Brain

preseptal, 49, 275-276, 278-279

Astigmatism, 5, 5f

infarct in, and visual loss, 27

pediatric cases of, 263-264

Atrophic (“dry”) age-related macular

tumor of, and visual loss, 29

Central retinal artery occlusion, 162,

degeneration, 29, 174, 174f,

Branch retinal artery occlusion, 162. See

162f. See also Retinal artery,

175

also Retinal artery, occlusion

occlusion of.

of.

Central retinal vein occlusion, 167,

B

Branch retinal vein occlusion, 167, 168,

167f, 168, 169

168f, 169

Chalazion, 50, 51f, 82-83

Bacterial conjunctivitis, 55, 55f, 91f, 92,

Buckling, scleral, in retinal surgery, 186,

in children, 266, 267

93f, 94

187f

Chemical injury, to eye, 348-351, 349f,

discharge associated with, 55, 55f,

Bull’s-eye maculopathy

350f

92, 92f, 93f

in patients receiving chloroquine,

Chemosis, allergen-induced, 96, 97f

pediatric cases of, 260

319, 319f

Cherry-rod spot, in fovea of retina, as

vs. other conjunctivitides, 36t

in patients receiving

sign of arterial occlusion, 17,

Bacterial corneal ulcer, 111, 112f, 113f

hydroxychloroquine, 325,

163, 163f

in contact lens wearers, 334, 335f

325f

Children. See Pediatric patients.

Basal cell carcinoma, of eyelid, 77f,

Burn(s), ocular, 348-353, 349f, 350f,

Chlamydial conjunctivitis, 56-57,

77-78

352f

94-95, 95f

Behçet’s disease, 294

Burning sensation, ocular, 34

laboratory findings in, 95, 96f

ocular lesions in, 294-295

Busacca nodules, 142, 143f

treatment of, 57-58, 95

Benign essential blepharospasm, 86-87,

vs. other conjunctivitides, 36t

87f

C

Chloroquine therapy, 318-319

Beta blockers, for glaucoma, 382,

ocular problems associated with, 319,

383t

Calcium accumulation, on cornea, 115,

319f

Binocular diplopia, causes of, 31-33

115f

Cholinergics, for glaucoma, 383, 384t

Blepharitis, 34, 51, 79-81, 98f

Canalicular injury, 361, 362t

Choroid, 2, 139, 140f

conjunctivitis and, 97-98

Canaliculitis, 284f, 284-285

Chronic conjunctivitis, in children, 260

facial sebaceous gland dysfunction

Carbonic anhydrous inhibitors, for

Cialis (tadalafil) therapy, 327

(rosacea) and, 98, 98f

glaucoma, 384, 385t

ocular effects of, 328

infection and, 51, 52f, 80, 80f, 84,

Carcinoma, of eyelid, 77f, 77-79, 79f

Ciliary body, 2, 139, 140f

85f

Carotid artery–cavernous sinus fistula,

Ciliary muscle paralysis, agents

meibomian gland dysfunction and,

223-224

inducing, 374, 374t

51, 52f, 81

red eye associated with, 65, 65f,

Coloboma, 254-255, 255f

pediculosis and, 52, 53f

224f

Color vision, 11-12

seborrheic, 51, 51f, 80, 80f

Cataract(s), 29

Confrontation visual field test, 10, 11f

Blepharospasm, 86-87, 87f

congenital, 245-246

Congenital eye anomalies, 245-259

Blindness. See Visual loss.

and leukocoria, 245, 246f

Conjunctiva(e), 89, 90f. See also

Blood cells, in anterior chamber of eye,

cortical, 130, 130f

Conjunctivitis.

39, 40f, 353f, 353-355

dense white, 131, 131f

chemosis of, allergen-induced, 96,

impaired clearance of, in sickle cell

diabetes mellitus and, 296, 296f

97f

disease, 354

laser therapy for, 136, 137f

examination of, 7, 13

Blood loss. See Hemorrhage.

nuclear, 130, 130f

foreign body in, 339f, 339-341

Blow-out fracture, orbital, 33, 363-365,

posterior subcapsular, 131, 131f

corneal abrasion due to, 331, 339,

364f

senile, 128-131, 130f, 131f

339f

Blue sclera(e)

surgery for, 132-136, 133f-135f

growth(s) on or in, 60-62, 62f,

in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 297f

opacification following, 136-137

98-102, 99f-101f

in osteogenesis imperfecta, 306, 306f

traumatic, 359f

extension of, onto cornea, 61, 62f,

Botox therapy, 318

Wilson’s disease and, 316

113, 114f

management of blepharospasm via,

Cavernous sinus, fistula between carotid

HIV infection and, 298, 299f

87

artery and, 223-224

hemorrhagic discoloration of, 337f,

ocular problems associated with,

red eye associated with, 65, 65f,

337-339

318

224f

laceration and, 341, 341f

Index

389

Conjunctiva(e)—cont’d

Contusion, periorbital/ocular, 329-330,

Cornea—cont’d

inflammation of. See Conjunctivitis.

330f

refractive surgery of, 116, 117f

injection (congestion) of

Copper deposition, sites and signs of,

ring in

as manifestation of infection, 89,

in Wilson’s disease, 316, 316f

as sign of embedded iron foreign

90f, 92f, 95f

Cornea, 1, 103, 104f

body, 63, 64f

as sign of uveitis, 141, 141f

abrasion of, 331-333, 332f

as sign of Wilson’s disease, 316,

laceration of, 341f, 341-342

due to conjunctival foreign body,

316f

scarring of, in Stevens-Johnson

331, 339, 339f

scarring of

syndrome, 312, 312f

arcus of, 299, 299f

from herpes simplex virus

slit lamp examination of, 13

calcium accumulation on, 115, 115f

infection, 108f

Conjunctivitis, 35, 36t, 54-58, 89-98

chemical injury to, 349f, 350f

from herpes zoster ophthalmicus,

adenoviral, 56

clouding of, mucopolysaccharidosis

109f

in children, 259-260

and, 303, 303f

in Stevens-Johnson syndrome,

allergic, 58, 58f, 59f, 96, 97f

contact lens injury to, 40, 43f,

312, 312f

treatment of, 59, 96-97

333-335, 334f, 335f

slit lamp examination of, 13

medications used in, 386t

copper deposition in, 316

thermal injury to, 351, 352, 352f

vs. other conjunctivitides, 36t

cysts of, in patients receiving

thickness of, 105f

bacterial, 55, 92, 94

cytosine arabinoside, 321,

glaucoma risk in relation to, 191

discharge associated with, 55, 55f,

321f

transplantation of, 116

92, 92f, 93f

drying of. See Dry eye.

sutures used in, 116, 116f

pediatric cases of, 260

dystrophies of, 273

ulcer of, 28

vs. other conjunctivitides, 36t

erosion of, recurrent, 28, 62, 63f,

bacterial infection and, 111, 112f,

blepharitis and, 97-98

114f, 114-115

113f

chlamydial, 56-57, 94-95, 95f

examination of, 13

in contact lens wearers, 334,

laboratory findings in, 95, 96f

excess exposure of, 326

335f

treatment of, 57-58, 95

myotonic dystrophy and, 304,

fungal infection and, 111, 113f

vs. other conjunctivitides, 36t

304f

herpes simplex virus infection and,

chronic, in children, 260

extension of conjunctival growth

44f

drug allergy and, 58, 59f

onto, 61, 62f, 113, 114f

Pseudomonas infection and, in

eye-rubbing and, 59

foreign body in or on, 63, 64f,

contact lens wearers, 334,

herpes simplex virus infection and,

342-345

335f

36t

movement of, under contact lens,

rheumatoid arthritis and, 308,

in children, 260

334f

309f

molluscum contagiosum and, 60, 61f

glue injury to, 358f

ultraviolet radiation injury to, 332f,

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and, 48,

hyopic injury to, from contact lens,

336

49f, 92, 93f

333

vascularization of

in infants, 239, 240, 240f

infectious lesions of, 40, 43f, 44f,

blepharoconjunctivitis and, 97, 97f

Neisseria meningitidis infection and, 92

107-112

herpes simplex virus infection and,

pediatric cases of, 56, 238-240, 240f,

in contact lens wearers, 334, 335f

107, 108f

259-261

infiltrates in

verticillate lines on, in patients using

vernal, 58, 58f

infectious ulcer and, 111, 112f

amiodarone, 317, 317f

in children, 260

subepithelial, secondary to viral

Cortical cataract, 130, 130f

viral, 55-56, 89, 90f, 91, 91f

conjunctivitis, 91, 92f

Corticosteroids

follicular lesions in, 55, 55f, 91,

inflammation of, 44f, 107-108, 108f

as anti-inflammatory agents, 380,

91f

Wegener’s granulomatosis and,

380t, 381

pediatric cases of, 259-260

315, 315f

as source of ocular problems, 320

subepithelial corneal infiltrates

laceration of, 345-347, 346f

Cotton-wool spots, on retina, 152,

associated with, 91, 92f

opacity of, white, 255-257

152f, 167f

vs. other conjunctivitides, 36t

precipitates on

in AIDS patients, 298

vs. nasolacrimal duct obstruction, in

in iritis, 46f

Cranial nerve palsies. See ordinal cranial

infants, 241, 242f

in sarcoidosis, 309, 310f

nerve entries, e.g., Third cranial

Contact dermatitis, 86

in syphilis, 313f

nerve (oculomotor nerve)

eyelid involvement in, 85-86, 86f

in uveitis, 141, 142f

palsy.

Contact lens injury, 40, 43f, 333-335,

recurrent erosion of, 28, 62, 63f,

Craniopharyngioma, chiasmal

334f, 335f

114f, 114-115

compression by, 215f

Index

391

Exposure, excessive, of cornea, 326

Eyelid(s)—cont’d

Fourth cranial nerve (trochlear nerve)

myotonic dystrophy and, 304, 304f

molluscum contagiosum on, 83-84,

palsy, 32, 220-222

Extracapsular cataract extraction, 134

84f

signs of, 220, 221f

Extraocular muscles, 7, 9f, 277f

port-wine stain on, 250

Fovea of retina, 150. See also Macula.

Exudative (“wet”) age-related macular

seborrheic keratoses on, 73-74,

cherry-rod spot in, as sign of arterial

degeneration, 26, 174, 175,

74f

occlusion, 17, 163, 163f

175f, 176

spasm of, 86-87, 87f

Fracture, orbital, 33, 363-365, 364f

Eye(s). See Ocular entries and structure-

squamous cell carcinoma of, 78-79,

Funduscopy, 15-17

specific citations.

79f

color and structural details on, 16,

Eyedrop-related hazards, 20-21

swelling of, 35

17, 149, 150, 150f, 151f

Eyelash(es), rubbing of, against globe,

turning in of, 52, 53f, 68, 69, 70f

Fungal corneal ulcer, 111, 113f

52, 54f, 70, 71f

turning out of, 52, 53f, 67-68, 69f

Eyelid(s), 67, 68f, 69f

twitching of, 35

G

actinic keratoses on, 74-75, 75f

xanthomas on, 75-76, 76f

basal cell carcinoma of, 77f, 77-78

Giant cell arteritis, 203-205

carcinoma of, 77f, 77-79, 79f

F

optic neuropathy in, 204, 204f

contact dermatitis involving, 85-86,

Glaucoma, 189-197

86f

Facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve)

angle-closure, 28, 39-40, 195-197

cyst of, 76f, 76-77

palsy, as factor in

treatment of, 196

dermatitis involving, 84-86, 85f, 86f

lagophthalmos, 71, 71f

laser iridectomy in, 193f, 196

drooping of, 37t, 67, 72, 72f

and dry eye, 106f

congenital, 248-249

congenital, 247f, 247-248

Farsightedness (hyperopia), 5, 5f

medications for, 194, 196, 382-385,

third cranial nerve palsy and, 67,

Fields of vision, 10

383t-385t

219, 219f

effects of glaucoma on, 189, 192f

neovascular, 154

epithelial inclusion cyst of, 76f,

flashes in, 30

open-angle, 29, 190-195

76-77

relation between defects in, and

treatment of, 194-195

erythema of, 35

lesions of optic nerve or optic

filtering bleb in, 195, 195f

in viral conjunctivitis, 89, 91f

chiasm, 199, 200f, 201

optic disc cupping in, 189, 191f

examination of, 7, 8f, 11

testing of, 10-11, 11f, 20, 21f

pupillary dilation in, 41f, 196f

eversion and, 7, 8f, 60f

Fistula, carotid artery–cavernous sinus,

retinal vein occlusion and, 168

floppy, 72-73, 73f

223-224

risk of, in relation to corneal

glue injury to, 357, 358

red eye associated with, 65, 65f,

thickness, 191

heliotrope discoloration of, in

224f

visual fields in, 189, 192f

patients with

Fixation, assessment of, in pediatric

Glue injury

dermatomyositis, 295, 295f

patients, 234, 234f

to cornea, 358f

hemangioma of, in infants, 249, 249f

Flashes, in visual fields, 30

to eyelids, 357, 358

herpes simplex virus dermatitis

Flashlight test, of pupillary function,

Gonioscopy, 18, 18f

involving, 84-85, 85f

6-7

Gonococcal infection, and

inflammation of, 35, 51, 79-81, 98f

Floaters, 31

conjunctivitis, 48, 49f, 92,

conjunctivitis and, 97-98

Floppy eyelid syndrome, 72-73, 73f

93f

facial sebaceous gland dysfunction

Fluorescein stain, 153, 373

in infants, 239, 240, 240f

(rosacea) and, 98, 98f

Foreign body

Granulomatosis, Wegener’s, 315

infection and, 51, 52f, 80, 80f, 84,

conjunctival, 339f, 339-341

ocular lesions associated with, 315f,

85f

abrasion of cornea by, 331, 339,

315-316

meibomian gland dysfunction and,

339f

Granulomatous uveitis, sarcoidosis and,

51, 52f, 81

corneal, 63, 64f, 342-345

309, 310f

pediculosis and, 52, 53f

movement of, under contact lens,

seborrhea and, 51, 51f, 80, 80f

334f

H

keratoses on, 73-75, 74f, 75f

intraocular, 45, 182f, 358-361, 359f,

laceration of, 361-363, 362f

360f

Halos, around lights, perception of,

louse infestation of, 52, 53f

endophthalmitis associated with,

31

meibomian glands of, 67, 69f

45, 47f, 182

Headache

lesions due to blockage or

Foreign body sensation, 34

migraine, 265

dysfunction of, 50, 51, 51f,

Fourth cranial nerve (trochlear nerve),

visual symptoms of, 30

52f, 81, 82, 83f

7, 220

pediatric cases of, 264-265

392

Index

Heliotrope discoloration, of eyelid, in

Hyperlipidemia, ocular lesions

Intraepithelial neoplasia, conjunctival,

patients with

associated with, 299f,

99-100, 100f

dermatomyositis, 295, 295f

299-300

Intraocular pressure

Hemangioma, in infants, 249f, 249-250

Hyperopia (farsightedness), 5, 5f

measurement of, 14f, 14-15, 15f,

Hemorrhage. See also Hyphema.

Hyperosmotic medications, for

191-192

retinal, 17, 152-153

glaucoma, 385, 385t

normal to high, in glaucoma. See

cytomegalovirus infection and,

Hypertension

Glaucoma.

178, 178f

intracranial, 208, 210

Intrauterine infections, and ocular

macular degeneration and, 175,

and headache, in children, 265

pathology, 245

175f

and papilledema, 208, 209f, 266f

Involutional ectropion, 68, 69f

posterior uveitis and, 146, 146f

systemic, and retinopathy, 159-161,

Involutional entropion, 53f, 68, 70f

Roth spot, 176-177, 177f

300

Iridectomy, via laser, for glaucoma,

shaken baby syndrome and, 261,

with arteriolar narrowing, 159,

193f, 196

262f

160, 160f

Iridodonesis, in Marfan syndrome, 302

sickle cell disease and, 170, 170f

Hypertropia, 269

Iris (irides), 1, 139, 140f. See also Iritis.

venous occlusion and, 167, 167f,

Hyphema, 39, 353, 353f. See also

differences between colors of,

168f

Hemorrhage.

258-259

retrobulbar, 356-357

impaired clearance of, in sickle cell

examination of, 13

subconjunctival, 60, 61f, 337f,

disease, 354

neovascularization of, in diabetic

337-339

traumatic, 39, 40f, 353-355

retinopathy, 154, 154f

around conjunctival laceration,

Hypopyon

nodules on

341, 341f

corneal ulcer and, 111, 112f

in anterior uveitis, 142, 143f

vitreous, 26, 186

postoperative occurrence of, 181,

in neurofibromatosis, 305, 305f

Herpes simplex virus infection

182f

tremulousness of, in Marfan

and blepharitis, 84, 85f

uveitis and, 141, 142f

syndrome, 302

and conjunctivitis, 35t

Iritis, 40, 45f, 46f

in children, 260

I

pediatric cases of, 260

and dermatitis, 84

traumatic, 355-356

eyelid involvement in, 84-85,

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Ischemic optic neuropathy, 27,

85f

(pseudotumor cerebri), 208,

201-205

and iritis, 40, 45f

210

anterior, 201-205

and keratitis, 107-108, 108f

papilledema associated with, 208,

arteritic, 203-205, 204f

and ulceration of cornea, 44f

209f

nonarteritic, 201-203, 202f

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 108-111,

In situ keratomileusis, via excimer laser,

Isoniazid-induced visual loss, 323

109f, 110f

116, 117f

Itching, of eyes, 34

HIV infection and, 298

Inclusion cyst, of eyelid, 76f, 76-77

Hertel exophthalmometry, 19, 20f

Indocyanine green angiography, 153

K

Heterochromia iridis, 258-259

Infants. See Pediatric patients.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Inflammatory bowel disease, 301

Kaposi’s sarcoma, on conjunctiva, 298,

infection, 298

ocular lesions associated with, 301,

299f

ocular lesions associated with, 177,

301f

Kayser-Fleischer ring, 316, 316f

298, 299f

Inflammatory cells

Keratic precipitates

Hordeolum (stye), 50, 50f, 81-82, 82f

in anterior chamber of eye

in iritis, 46f

in children, 266-267

as postoperative finding, 181, 182f

in sarcoidosis, 309, 310f

Horner syndrome, 218, 218f

as sign of corneal ulcer, 111, 112f

in syphilis, 313f

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

in anterior chamber of eye or

in uveitis, 141, 141f, 142f

infection, 298, 299f

vitreous, as sign of uveitis,

Keratitis

ocular lesions associated with, 177,

141, 142f, 145, 146f

infection and, 44f, 107-108, 108f

298, 299f

Inherited ocular dystrophies, in

Wegener’s granulomatosis and, 315,

Hutchinson’s sign, 108-109, 109f

pediatric patients, 273

315f

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

Inherited pigmentary retinopathy,

Keratoconjunctivitis, epidemic, 56,

therapy, 324

171-173, 172f

57f

ocular toxicity of, 324-326, 325f

Intracranial hypertension, 208, 210

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca. See Dry eye;

Hyopic injury, to cornea, from contact

and headache, in children, 265

Sjogren syndrome.

lens, 333

and papilledema, 208, 209f, 266f

Keratomileusis, laser in situ, 116, 117f

Index

393

Keratosis

Lupus erythematosus, systemic, 314

Myasthenia gravis, 33

actinic, 74

ocular lesions associated with, 314,

ocular, 33, 225f, 225-226

eyelid involvement in, 74-75, 75f

314f

Mydriatics, 374, 374t

seborrheic, eyelid involvement in,

Luxation, of lens

Myopia (nearsightedness), 4-5, 5f

73-74, 74f

syndrome-associated occurrence of,

severity of, risk of vitreous

Koeppe nodules, 142, 143f

273, 302, 302f

detachment correlated with,

traumatic, 330f

183

L

syndrome-associated occurrence of,

M

273

Laceration

Myositis, orbital, 290, 290f

of conjunctiva, 341f, 341-342

Macula, 151

Myotonic dystrophy, 303, 304

of cornea, 345-347, 346f

bull’s-eye appearance of

ocular lesions associated with,

of eyelid, 361-363, 362f

in patients receiving chloroquine,

303-304, 304f

of sclera, 347f, 347-348

319, 319f

Lacrimal apparatus, 275, 277f, 278f. See

in patients receiving

N

also Nasolacrimal duct entries

hydroxychloroquine, 325,

and citations beginning with the

325f

Nasolacrimal duct, 275

prefix Dacryo-.

degeneration of, 26, 29

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction, 48-49,

dye test of, 18-19

age-related, 173-176

281

Lagophthalmos, 70-71, 71f

drusen in, 174, 174f, 175f

pediatric cases of, 241f, 241-244

and dry eye, 106f

retinal hemorrhage in, 175, 175f

treatment of, 242-244, 243f

Large pupil, discrepant in size from

edema of, in diabetic patients,

vs. congenital glaucoma, 248

other pupil, 36, 216-218

157-159, 158f

vs. conjunctivitis, 241, 242f

Laser in situ keratomileusis, 116, 117f

Marfan syndrome, 302

Near acuity chart, 4f

Laser therapy

ocular lesions associated with, 302,

Nearsightedness (myopia), 4-5, 5f

for cataract, 136, 137f

302f

severity of, risk of vitreous

for glaucoma, 193f, 194, 196

Meibomian glands, 67, 69f

detachment correlated with,

for refractive error, 116, 117f

lesions due to blockage or

183

Leber’s optic neuropathy, 211

dysfunction of, 50, 51, 51f,

syndrome-associated occurrence of,

Lens (contact lens), injury from, 40,

52f, 81, 82, 83f

273

43f, 333-335, 334f, 335f

Melanoma, conjunctival, 101f

Necrotizing scleritis, 122, 122f

Lens (crystalline lens), 1, 127, 128f

Melanosis, racial, 102

rheumatoid arthritis and, 308, 308f

accommodation by, 127, 129f

conjunctival lesion associated with,

Wegener’s granulomatosis and,

age-related changes in, 30, 230,

101f, 102

315f

230f

Mellaril (thioridazine) toxicity, and

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, and

copper deposition in, 316

pigmentary retinopathy, 323,

conjunctivitis, 48, 49f, 92,

examination of, 13

324f

93f

loss of elasticity of, with aging, 128

Metamorphopsia (distorted vision), 30

in infants, 239, 240, 240f

opacity of. See Cataract(s).

Migraine, 265

Neisseria meningitidis infection, and

subluxation of

visual symptoms of, 30

conjunctivitis, 92

syndrome-associated occurrence

Molluscum contagiosum, 83

Neovascular glaucoma, 154

of, 302, 302f, 373

conjunctivitis associated with, 60,

Neovascularization, of optic disc and

traumatic, 330f

61f

iris, in diabetic retinopathy,

Leukocoria, congenital cataract and,

eyelid involvement in, 83-84, 84f

154, 154f

245, 246f

HIV infection and, 298

complications associated with, 154,

Leukoma, 255-257

Monocular diplopia, causes of, 32

155, 155f

Levitra (vardenafil) therapy, 327

Motor system problems, and neuro-

Nerve, optic. See Optic nerve entries and

ocular effects of, 328

ophthlamic disorders,

Optic disc.

Lice, infestation of eyelids by, 52, 53f

218-227

Nerve fiber layer, of retina, 152, 152f

Light(s)

Mucopolysaccharidoses, 302-303

Nerve palsies. See ordinal cranial nerve

intolerance of, 31

ocular lesions associated with, 303,

entries, e.g., Third cranial nerve

perception of halos around, 31

303f

(oculomotor nerve) palsy.

Lisch nodules, 305, 305f

“Mutton-fat” keratic precipitates

Neurofibromatosis, 304

Louse infestation, of eyelids, 52, 53f

in sarcoidosis, 309, 310f

ocular lesions associated with, 305,

Lubricant tears, artificial, 106-107, 375t

in uveitis, 141, 142f

305f

394

Index

Peaked (teardrop) pupil, 254, 255f,

Neuro-ophthalmic disorders, 199-227

Oculomotor nerve (third cranial nerve)

disc pathology in, 201. See also Optic

palsy, 32, 219-220

346, 346f

nerve disorders.

and ptosis, 67, 219, 219f

Pediatric patients, 229

motor system problems and,

Open-angle glaucoma, 29, 190-195

amblyopia in, 269-271

218-227

treatment of, 194-195

cataracts in, 245-246

sensory pathway problems and, 199,

filtering bleb in, 195, 195f

chalazion in, 266-267

200f, 201

Ophthalmoscopy. See Funduscopy.

coloboma in, 254-255

Nevus (nevi), conjunctival, 100, 101f

Optic chiasm, lesions of, 213, 215f,

congenital eye anomalies in, 245-259

Night blindness, 30

215-216

conjunctivitis in, 56, 238-240, 240f,

Nodular anterior scleritis, 47f, 121,

visual field defects due to, 201

259-261

122f

Optic disc, 201

esotropia in, 251, 252, 267, 268

Nodular episcleritis, 121f

cupping of, in glaucoma, 189, 191f

exotropia in, 251, 252, 267, 268

Nodule(s)

edema of, 208, 209f, 210, 266f

glaucoma in, 248-249

iridal

neovascularization of, in diabetic

headache in, 264-265

in anterior uveitis, 142, 143f

retinopathy, 154, 154f, 155f

hemangioma in, 249-250

in neurofibromatosis, 305, 305f

pallor of, 211

heterochromia iridis in, 258-259

sarcoid, ocular, 309, 310f

Optic nerve, 2, 149

hordeolum (stye) in, 266-267

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic

Optic nerve disorders, 201-213

inherited ocular dystrophies in,

neuropathy, 201-203,

correlation between visual field

273

202f

defects and, 199, 200f

iritis in, 260

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ocular

disc pathology in, 201. See also specific

leukoma in, 255-257, 256f

medications, 381, 381t

abnormalities under Optic disc.

nasolacrimal duct obstruction in,

Nuclear cataract, 130, 130f

infiltrative, 210, 211

241f, 241-244, 248

Nystagmus

inflammmatory, 27, 205-208, 207f

nystagmus in, 252-254

acquired, 226-227

ischemic, 27, 201-205, 202f, 204f

ocular disorders in, 238-273

pediatric cases of, 252-254

neoplastic, 213, 214f

ocular examination in, 230-238

thyroid disease and, 287, 287f

lid speculum as aid to, 239f

O

toxic, 211

timing of, 23, 231, 232

traumatic, 211, 365-367

ocular trauma in, 261-263, 262f

Ocular disorders. See also particular lesion

Orbit, 275, 276f

orbital/preseptal cellulitis in,

types and site-specific entries.

effects of disease of, 45, 48f

263-264

drug-induced, 317-328

Orbital blow-out fracture, 33, 363-365,

port-wine stain in, 250

pediatric, 238-273. See also specific

364f

ptosis in, 247f, 247-248

conditions under Pediatric

Orbital cellulitis, 48f, 279f, 279-281,

refractive errors in, 273-275

patients.

280f

retinoblastoma in, 257-258

signs and symptoms of, 25-38

pediatric cases of, 263-264

retinopathy of prematurity in, 231,

syndrome-associated occurrence of,

Orbital myositis, 290, 290f

244-245

273

Orbital pseudotumor, 33, 288-291

strabismus in, 251-252, 267-269

systemic disease–related, 293-317

classification of, 288-291, 288f-291f

stye (hordeolum) in, 266-267

traumatic, 182, 329-367. See also

Orbital septal thinning, age-related, 67

syndrome-associated occurrence of

specific types, e.g., Laceration.

Osteogenesis imperfecta, 306

ocular disorders in,

in children, 261-263, 262f

blue sclerae in, 306, 306f

273

Ocular examination, 1-23

visual development in, 229

pediatric, 230-238

P

visual loss in, 269-271

lid speculum as aid to, 239f

Pediculosis, blepharitis due to, 52,

timing of, 23, 231, 232

Pain, ocular, 34

53f

Ocular medications, 369-386,

Pallor, optic disc, 211

Penlight demonstration, of shallow

370t-386t

Palsy(ies), cranial nerve. See ordinal

anterior chamber, 194f

problems with patients’ consumption

cranial nerve entries, e.g., Third

Perimetry, 20, 21f

of, 20, 21

cranial nerve (oculomotor

Periorbital contusion, 329-330, 330f

Ocular trauma, 182, 329-367. See also

nerve) palsy.

Phacoemulsification, 133f, 133-134,

specific types, e.g., Laceration.

Panuveitis, 140

134f, 135f

pediatric cases of, 261-263, 262f

Papilledema, 208, 209f, 210, 266f

Phenothiazine-induced pigment

Oculomotor nerve (third cranial nerve),

Patching, of eye, 20, 22f

deposition, in eye, 323

7, 218-219

in pediatric vision testing, 237, 237f

Photophobia, 31