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Index	313
Index

Note: Page numbers in italic	angle kappa 29	astrocytoma
refer to tables or boxes	angle surgery 120, 128,	optic nerve 224
	129	paraventricular 220, 221
acetazolamide 128	anhidrosis 240	pilocytic 224, 272, 273
acetylcholine receptors 242	aniridia 106, 124	atopic keratoconjunctivitis
achromatopsia 138–9	anisometropia 32, 44, 48,	(AKC) 78, 79
aciclovir 76	108	atropine 49
acoustic neuroma 222	ankyloblepharon 186	attention deficit hyperactivity
adenoma sebaceum 220	annulus of Zinn 14	disorder (ADHD) 214
adhesions 123, 125	anomalous head positions	aura, migraine 237
adrenergic agonists 128	(AHPs) 214	autorefraction 32
AIDS 248, 272	anophthalmia 186	Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome
Alagille’s syndrome 106	anterior chamber 18	106, 123
albinism 148–9, 210–15	hemorrhage (hyphema)	azithromycin 72
Allen figures 24	126, 157, 282–3	β-hemolytic streptococci 70
allergens 79	maldevelopment 119	β-hemolytic streptococci 70
Allgrove syndrome 183	anterior segment	bacitracin 72
Alport syndrome 104, 105	anatomy 17–19, 66, 67	bacterial conjunctivitis 69–73
amacrine cells 19	dysgenesis syndromes 106	balloon dacryoplasty 181
amblyopia	embryogenesis 86	band keratopathy 156
ametropic 44	anterior segment	Bardet–Biedl syndrome
anisometropic 44	(iridocorneal) angle 18	149–50
cataracts 108, 111	anterior uveitis 126, 155–7,	basal cell carcinoma 248
classification 44	155	basal cell nevus syndrome 190
congenital rubella 216	antibiotic resistance 72, 73	Best’s disease 142–3
diagnosis 27, 47–8	antibiotic/steroid	beta blockers, topical 128
etiology and epidemiology	combinations 72, 82	bevacizumab 42
43–5	antihistamines, and tear	bimatoprost 128
in glaucoma 116, 120	production 183	birth trauma 88–9, 117
management 48–9	antioxidant therapy 41–2	birth weight, and ROP 34,
organic 45	aphakia 98, 110, 111	38
in ptosis 187	apraclonidine 128	bisphosphonates 202
strabismic 44	arginine 150	black sunburst 209
visual deprivation 45	Ascaris lumbricoides 82	blepharitis 183, 189–90
American Academy of	ash leaf sign 220, 221	blepharoptosis 187–8, 248,
Pediatrics (AAP) 31	Ashkenazi Jewish populations	249
aminoglycosides 72	94	blepharospasm 116, 189
Ancyclostoma duodenale 82	asthma 80	blindness, healthcare priority
aneurysm, intracranial 58	astigmatism, corneal dermoid	33
angiofibroma 220, 221	88, 89	BLOCK-ROP Trial 42
angiotensin-converting	astrocytic hamartoma, retinal	blow-out fracture 286, 287
enzyme (ACE) 156	218–20, 266, 267	blue nevus 248

314 Index


blue-cone monochromatism	chlamydial infections 74,	conjunctivitis 68–9
138	83–4, 83	algorithm for differential
Brazil 259	chloramphenicol 72	diagnosis 68
brimonidine 128	‘chloroma’ (granulocytic	allergic 78–9, 192
brinzolamide 128	sarcoma) 272	bacterial 69–73
Brown’s syndrome 62	‘chocolate cysts’ 257	giant papillary 77
Bruch’s membrane 20, 209	choriocapillaris 20	hemorrhagic 74, 75
Bruckner Test 23, 24, 25, 108	choristomas 249–52, 250	herpes 76
Burkitt’s lymphoma 272	complex 252	types 69
	epibulbar complex 233	viral 74–5
café au lait spots 122, 224,	lacrimal gland 252	conjunctivitis–otitis media
225	choroid 152	syndrome 71
canalicular system 178	choroidal freckles/nevi 222,	Conradi syndrome 105
injury 276, 277	223, 268, 269	contact lens
Candida albicans 82	choroidal hemangioma	astigmatism 89
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors	230–1, 266	conjunctivitis 70, 71, 77
128	choroidal osteoma 266, 267	corneal abrasion 280
cataracts 100–3	ciliary body 18–19, 152	position on globe 66
anterior polar 100, 101	medulloepithelioma 266,	copper transport, disorder
cerulean (blue-dot) 102	267	200
‘Christmas tree’ 105	ciliary flush 126, 152, 153	corectopia 123
complete 102, 103	ciliopathies 149–50	cornea 17
congenital rubella 216	cimetidine, oral 253	birth trauma 88–9
diagnosis 108	ciprofloxacin 72	cystine crystals 194–5
etiology 104–7	Coats’ disease 132–4, 264	development 86
JIA-associated uveitis 156	‘cobblestone’ papillae 80, 81	edema 22, 153
lamellar 100, 101	cocaine solution 240	enlargement in glaucoma
management 108–11	collagen synthesis, disorders	117, 119
nuclear 100	202	keratic precipitates 153
persistent fetal vasculature	coloboma	scarring 117
144, 145	associated syndromes 169	structure/thickness 17
posterior polar 100	eyelid 186–7	trauma/abrasion 280–1
prognosis 112	lens 98	ulcer 70, 71, 80–1
subcapsular 102, 103	optic disc 169	corneal opacity
‘sunflower’ 200	color vision testing 30	congenital 86–90
sutural 102, 103	commotio retinae 284, 285	glaucoma 117, 118, 129
traumatic 284	cone-rod dystrophy 150	infectious disease 95–6
visual significance 108	congenital hereditary	metabolic disease 91–5
cats 158	endothelial dystrophy	corneal transplantation 87
cavernous hemangioma,	(CHED) 89, 118	cortical visual impairment 236
retina 232, 265	congenital hereditary stromal	corticosteroids
ceftriaxone 84	dystrophy (CHSD) 90	cataract formation 106, 107
cellulitis, orbit 191	congenital hypertrophy of	dacryoadenitis 184
central nervous system	retinal pigment epithelium	ophthalmic drops 72, 76,
(CNS) malformations 164,	(CHRPE) 270	82
166	congenital stationary night	Corynebacterium diptheriae 70
ceramide trihexosidase 201	blindness (CSNB) 136–7,	cover test 28–9, 53
chalazion 13, 190	170	alternate 29
CHARGE association 169	conjunctiva 18, 66	cranial nerve palsy
Chediak–Higashi syndrome	complex choristoma 233	fourth 16, 59–60
149, 210, 213	follicles 74, 75	sixth 60
chemical injuries 83–4, 281	injection 70, 74, 75	third 58–9
chemosis, conjunctival 79	tumors 244, 245, 249–58,	cranial nerves, eyelid function
chemotherapy 262–3, 263,	250	186
272	conjunctival intraepithelial	cross cover test 24, 25
child abuse 289	neoplasia (CIN) 253–4	cross-fixation 26

		Index 315

Cryo-ROP Study 38	electro-oculogram (EOG)	flashlight test 23
cryotherapy 253, 256	142	fluorescein angiography 133,
cryptophthalmos 186	electroretinography (ERG)	227
cycloablation 130	134, 135, 138, 142, 147	fluorescein staining 281
cyclopentolate 49	embryology 86, 144	fluoroquinolones 72, 73
cystathionine beta synthase	endocrine abnormalities 166,	folinic acid 158
(CBS) deficiency 198	167	follicles, conjunctival 74, 75
cystinosis 94–5, 194–5	enhanced S-cone syndrome	forced duction testing 62,
cytokines, vasoactive 33–4, 42	136	192
	enophthalmitis 159	forceps injury 117
dacryoadenitis 184	enophthalmos 286	foreign bodies
dacryocele 178–9	entropion 189	cornea 281
dacryocystitis 178	enzyme replacement therapy	eyelid 276, 277
dacryoplasty, balloon 181	204, 206, 207	intraocular 278, 279
dacryostenosis, congenital 69	eosinophilic granuloma 272	intraorbital 288
de Morsier’s syndrome 164	epiblepharon 189	forme fruste 218
dendrites, corneal 76	epicanthal folds 188	fornix 18, 66
dental anomalies 123	epiphora 116, 152, 180	fovea 20
dermoid cyst 271	erythromycin 72, 84	foveal hypoplasia 148
dermoid tumors 88, 251	esotropia 26, 64	Fuch’s coloboma (congenital
dermolipoma 251	accommodative 56–7	tilted disc) 170–1
Descemet’s membrane 17, 86	congenital 54, 54	fundus, hypopigmentation
deposits in Wilson’s disease	euryblepharon 188	210, 211
200	exotropia 57	galactosemia 104
rupture 119	extraocular muscles 14–17	galactosemia 104
snail track opacity 90	functions 15	α-galactosidase A 201
tears 88	eye	gamma aminobutyric acid
developing countries 259	defense mechanisms 69	(GABA) 45
diabetes mellitus 104, 166,	exposure 188	ganglion cells 19
167	structural diagram 67	gatifloxacin 72
dissociated vertical deviation	eye movements, binocular	gentamicin 72
(DVD) 55	29	germinal matrix 236
dog-bite trauma 276, 277	‘eye popping’ 189	giant papillary conjunctivitis
dorzolamide 128	eye shield 278, 279, 282	77
double elevator palsy	eyelashes	glands of Krause 13
(monocular elevation	matting 70	glands of Manz 13
deficiency) 62–3	pediculosis 189–90	glands of Wolfring 13
Down’s syndrome 104	eyelids 186	glasses, see spectacles
drusen 176	anatomy 12–13	glaucoma
Duane’s syndrome 61	coloboma 186–7	associated with ocular
ductions, testing 29–30, 62,	foreign bodies 276, 277	anomalies 123–5
192	herpes simplex 191	associated with systemic
dye disappearance test 180	retraction 188–9	disease 121
dysautonomia, familial	trauma 192, 276–7	congenital 22, 216
(Riley–Day syndrome)	tumors 190–1, 244, 245,	diagnosis 114–18
183	246–9	filtering procedures 77
dysostosis multiplex 204	Fabry’s disease 94, 104, 201	following cataract surgery
	Fabry’s disease 94, 104, 201	127
Early Treatment of	fascia bulbi (Tenon’s capsule)	juvenile open-angle 120
Retinopathy of Prematurity	66	neurofibromatosis 222
(ET-ROP) Study 36, 41	fibrillin 196	Peters anomaly 87
ecchymosis 276	fibrogliosis 232	primary 114–15, 119–20
ectopia lentis 98–9, 196, 197,	fine-needle aspiration biopsy	pupillary block 196
198, 199	(FNAB) 245	secondary 114–15, 126–7
ectropion 189	fixation testing 23, 26, 47	signs and symptoms 114,
eczema 80	flare, anterior chamber 154	115, 116, 180

316 Index

glaucoma (continued) Sturge–Weber syndrome

230

treatment 128–30 globe, open 278–9 globe retraction 61

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 91, 204, 205

goblet cells, conjunctival 66 Goldenhar syndrome 88, 169,

251 gonioscopy 157

goniotomy 120, 129, 130 gonococcal disease 83–4 Gorlin–Goltz syndrome 248 granulocytic sarcoma

(‘chloroma’) 272, 273 ‘gray line’ 66

Haab’s striae 119

Haemophilus influenzae 70, 72

Hallermann–Streiff syndrome 106

hamartoma

astrocytic retinal 218–20, 266, 267

iris (Lisch nodules) 122, 222, 223, 224

Harm’s trabeculotome 130 head nodding 239

head positions, anomalous (AHPs) 214

head thrusting 241 head tilt 59, 239 head turn 239

headache, migraine 237 hemangioblastoma 225, 226,

227 hemangioma

capillary 190, 231, 246–7, 257, 264

cavernous 232, 265 choroidal 230–1, 266 retinal 264–5

hemangiomatosis encephalofacial cavernous

(Sturge–Weber syndrome) 191, 230–1

racemose (Wyburn–Mason syndrome) 229, 265 hematoma, intraretinal 208–9 hemianopia, bitemporal 170

hemorrhage retinal 289 retrobulbar 288

subconjunctival 280

heparin sulfate 91 hereditary benign

intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID) 253

Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome 149, 210, 213, 215

herpes simplex virus (HSV) 76, 83, 83, 95, 157, 191

herpes zoster virus (HZV) 76, 157

heterochromia 255 heterophoria (phoria) 29, 52 heterotropia 28–9, 52 Hirschberg corneal reflex test

52–3

Hirschberg estimates 29 histamine release 78 history taking 22 HLA-B27 haplotype 126,

156 homatropine 49

homocystinuria 198–9 hordeolum 190 Horner–Trantas dots 80, 81 Horner’s syndrome 240–1 HOTV test 24, 26, 46 human papillomavirus 253 Hunter’s syndrome (MPS II)

92, 204, 206 Hurler’s syndrome

(MPS I-H) 92, 204, 205 Hutchinson’s triad 96 hyaloid artery 144 hydroxyamphetamine drops

240 hyperopia 56

hypersensitivity reactions 82 hyphema 126, 157, 282–3 hypoglycemia, cataracts 104 hypopituitarism 166, 167 hypopyon 154, 162 hypothyroidism 194 hypoxic ischemic injury 236

I-Cell disease (ML II) 93 immunosuppression 254 inferior oblique muscle over

action (IOOA) 55 insulin-like growth factor-1

(IGF-1) 34 interferon, topical 253

International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) 261–2, 261

intracranial pressure (ICP), raised 60, 174

intraepithelial neoplasia, conjunctival (CIN) 253–4

intraocular lens (IOL) 109–10, 111

Marfan’s syndrome 197 multifocal 111

traumatic cataract 284, 285 intraocular pressure (IOP)

elevation 114, 180 measurement 118 orbital injury 288

iridocorneal angle 18 iridocorneal endothelial

(ICE) syndrome 106 iridodenesis 196 iridodialysis 282, 283, 285 iris 18

atrophy 157, 199 congenital defects 123 Lisch nodules 122, 222,

223, 224 nodules 156, 157

scarring (synechiae) 154 transillumination 210, 211,

212–13

irrigation, ocular surface 281 Ishihara testing 30 isotretinoin 183

Joubert syndrome 149, 150 juvenile idiopathic arthritis

(JIA) 126, 155–6

juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (optic nerve glioma) 224, 272, 273

Kaposi’s sarcoma 248 Kayser–Fleischer ring 200 keratic precipitates 153 keratitis 70, 71, 191 keratoconjunctivitis,

phlyctenular 82 keratopathy, band 156 Krimsky light reflex testing 53

lacerations conjunctiva 280 eyelid 276–7

lacrimal glands 13, 178 choristoma 252

lacrimal sac 14 fistula 182

lacrimal system 13–14 massage 179, 181

see also nasolacrimal duct lagophthalmos 188

		Index 317

lamina cribosa 17–18	Marcus–Gunn jaw-winking	Moraxella catarrhalis 70
Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis	syndrome 187, 188	morning glory disc anomaly
272	Marfan’s syndrome 98, 99,	168
laser therapy 40, 130	196–7	Morquio’s syndrome (MPS
latanaprost 128	Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome	IV A and B) 93, 204, 207
Laurence–Moon syndrome	(MPS VI A and B) 93, 204,	moxifloxacin 72
150	207	mucolipidosis 93–4
Lea symbols 24, 26, 27, 46	masquerade syndromes 155,	mucopolysaccharidoses 91–4,
Leber’s congenital amaurosis	162	204–5, 206–7
(LCA) 134–5, 150	mast cells, degranulation 78	idiopathic 93
lens	maternal infections, cataract	Müller’s muscle 12, 186
anatomy and development	formation 107	myasthenia gravis 242
98	medications	Mycobacterium tuberculosis 82
dislocation/subluxation	causing cataracts 106–7	myelination, retinal nerve
(ectopia lentis) 98–9,	causing decreased tear	fibers 172–3
196, 197, 198, 199, 284	production 183	myopia 116
lenticonus 99, 104, 105	medicolegal issues, ROP 42	myotonic dystrophy 105
leukemia 162, 258, 270	medulloepithelioma,
leukocoria 23, 108, 244, 245	intraocular 266, 267	nasal fundus ectasia 170–1
levator palpebrae muscles	meibomian glands 13	nasolacrimal duct 14, 178
12–13, 186, 276	chalazion 13, 190	intubation 181–2
levofloxacin 72	melanocytic tumors,	obstruction 22, 178, 179,
lid retraction, pathologic	conjunctival 254–6, 254	180–2
188–9	melanocytoma, optic nerve	probing 179, 181
light reflex testing 29–30,	266, 267	Neisseria spp. 70, 83–4, 83
52–3	melanocytosis, ocular 254,	neural crest cells, migration
limbus 18	255	86
linear sebaceous nevus	melanoma 254, 255, 256, 258	neurilemoma (schwannoma)
syndrome 169	uveal 268, 268, 269	249
lipofuscin 140	meningoencephalocele 178	neuroblastoma 239, 273
Lisch nodules 122, 222, 223,	metabolic diseases 91–5	neurofibroma 222, 248, 249
268	cataracts 104–5	neurofibromatosis 122, 191,
Lowe’s syndrome 104, 121	cystinosis 94–5, 194–5	222–5, 223, 248, 249
lymphadenopathy,	Fabry’s disease 94, 104,	neuroma, plexiform 191
conjunctivitis 70	201	nevi
lymphangioma 272	homocystinuria 198–9	conjunctival 255–6
conjunctiva 257	mucopolysaccharidoses	eyelid 190, 191
eyelid 191	91–4, 204–5, 206–7	melanocytic 248
lymphoid tumors 258	tyrosinemia 95	pigmented 254, 255–6
lysosomal storage disease	methionine levels 198	uveal 268
105	methylene tetrahydrofolate	nevus flammeus (port-wine
macrolide antibiotics 72	reductase (MTHFR)	stain) 191, 231, 248, 249,
macrolide antibiotics 72	deficiency 198	266
macula 20	microcornea 216	nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn
‘egg-yolk’(vitelliform) 142,	microphthalmia 186, 216	233, 252
143	microspherophagia 197	night blindness, congenital
granuloma in toxocariasis	microspherophakia 99	stationary 136–7, 170
159	MIDAS syndrome 87	nystagmus 108, 170, 210,
puckering in VKH 160,	migraine headache 237	215, 238, 239
161	mitomycin C 253, 256
retinoblastoma 262, 263	Mittendorf’s dot 144	occlusion
scarring in toxoplasmosis	Möbius syndrome 64	amblyopia therapy 48
158–9	molluscum contagiosum	strabismus testing 28, 29
uveitic swelling 152, 153	191–2	visual acuity testing 26, 27
macular degeneration 150	monocular elevation	ocular alignment, testing 24,
mannosidosis 105	deficiency (MED) 62–3	25

318 Index


ocular examination 22–3	organoid nevus syndrome	port-wine stain (nevus
glaucoma 117–18	233, 234, 252	flammeus) 191, 231, 248,
ocular flutter 239	orthophorhia 52	249, 266
ocular motor apraxia,	osseous choristoma, epibulbar	posterior polymorphous
congenital 241	252	membrane dystrophy
oculocerebrorenal syndrome	osteogenesis imperfecta	(PPMD) 90
(Lowe’s syndrome) 104,	202–3	posterior segment 19–20
121	osteoma, choroidal 266, 267	posterior synechiae 154
oculoneurocutaneous	otitis media, acute 71	primary acquired melanosis
syndromes (ONCS) 218	oxygen administration,	(PAM) 254, 256
genetics 218	neonatal 33–4, 42	primary ciliary dyskinesia 150
malignant potential 218		proptosis 271, 272, 273
TSC 218–21	PanOptic ophthalmoscope 31	prostaglandin analogs 128
ofloxacin 72	panuveitis 160, 161	pseudo-Hurler dystrophy
open globe 278–9	papillae, tarsal conjunctivae	(ML III) 94
ophthalmia neonatorum	80, 81	pseudohypopyon 162
83–4, 83	papilledema 174	pseudomembrane 70, 71
ophthalmoscopy 31	papilloma 253	Pseudomonas infections 70, 71,
direct 23, 24, 25, 31, 117	parasites, gastrointestinal 82	83, 280
indirect 132	parents 22	pseudopapilledema 175
opsoclonus 239	pars plana 19	pseudophakia 111
optic canal, decompression	pars plicata 18–19	pseudoptosis 62, 63
286	patching 48, 110, 111	pseudostrabismus
optic disc	Paton’s lines 174	(pseudoesotropia) 53
coloboma 169	pattern-evoked potential	pseudotumor cerebri 174,
congenital tilted 170–1	(PEVP) 32	209
cupping 116	pediculosis, eyelashes 189–90	psychosocial factors 43
drusen 176	penalization 49	ptosis
morning glory anomaly	D-penicillamine 41	3rd cranial nerve palsy 58,
168	perennial allergic	59
optic nerve	conjunctivitis (PAC) 78, 79	congenital 13, 187–8
hypoplasia 164–7	periventricular leukomalacia	myasthenia gravis 242
melanocytoma 266, 267	166	upper and lower lids 240
pilocytic astrocytoma	persistent fetal vasculature	pulleys 15
(glioma) 224, 272, 273	(PFV) 99, 144–5, 264	puncta 13, 178
retinoblastoma 259	Peters anomaly 86–7, 106,	pupil 18
trauma 286	125	pupillary axis 29
optic neuropathy	‘phakomatoses’ 218	pupillary constriction 240–1
clinical principles 164	phlyctenulosis 82	pupillary defects, afferent 23
unilateral 164	‘photic sneeze reflex’ 195	pupillary dilation 23
optic pit 172, 173	photocoagulation 40	pupillary reflex
optic radiations 236	photophobia 116, 117, 129,	unequal 44
optical axis 29	195	white (leukocoria) 23, 108,
optical coherence	photoscreening 32	244, 245
tomography (OCT) 210,	phthisis 281	pupillary strands 144
245	pineal cysts 260	pyogenic granuloma 257
ora serrata 19	pinealoblastoma 259–60
orbicularis oculi muscle 12,	pink eye, see conjunctivitis	racial melanosis 254, 256
186	pituitary abnormalities 166,	radiotherapy 258, 263–4,
orbit	167	263
anatomy 12	plaque radiotherapy 263–4	Random-dot-E test 24, 25, 31
cellulitis 191	plexiform neuroma 191	rectus muscles 14, 15, 16–17
septum 13	Plus disease 36–7	red eye, see conjunctivitis
trauma 12, 192, 286–8	polycoria 123	red reflex 23, 24, 25, 108
tumors 222, 244, 245, 246,	polymixin B/trimethoprim	Refsum disease 105, 150
271–3	sulfate 72	renal disease 194, 201

		Index 319

retina	retinopathy of prematurity	skin macules, depigmented
astrocytic hamartoma	(ROP) 33	220, 221
218–20, 266, 267	clinical presentation 35–8	Sly’s syndrome (MPS VII) 93,
cavernous hemangioma	diagnosis 38	204, 207
232, 265	etiology/risk factors 33–4	small leucine-rich
hemangioblastoma 225,	management/prognosis	proteoglycan (SLRP) 136
226	38–41	sneezing, photic 195
normal human 20	pathophysiology 34–5	Snellen charts 24, 26, 46
racemose hemangioma 229,	prevention 41–2	socioeconomic factors 43
265	retinoschisis	spasmus nutans 239
structure 19–20	traumatic 289	spectacles
telangiectasia 132	X-linked juvenile 146–7	accommodative esotropia
traumatic injury 284–5	retrobulbar hemorrhage 288	56
retinal blood vessels	rhabdomyosarcoma 272, 273	aphakic 110, 111
excessive oxygen exposure	Richner Hanhart syndrome	spherophakia
33–4	(tyrosinemia type II) 95	(microspherophakia) 99
tortuous 201, 265	Riley–Day syndrome 183	spiral of Tillaux 14, 15
retinal detachment 20	rod monochromatism 138	spondyloarthropathies,
Marfan’s syndrome 197	Rose Bengal staining 76	juvenile 156–7
in ROP 40–1	Rothmund–Thomson	squamous cell carcinoma
sickle cell disease 209	syndrome 190	253–4
toxocariasis 159	rubella 96, 107, 216	squamous papilloma 253
trauma 284, 285	Rush disease 36–7	Staphylococcus aureus 70, 73,
VKH syndrome 161	‘salmon patch’ 258	82
retinal dystrophies 149–50	‘salmon patch’ 258	staphyloma
retinal nerve fibers,	salmon patch hemorrhage	anterior 199
myelinated 172–3	208–9	peripapillary 170, 171
retinal pigment epithelium	Sanfilippo A syndrome 204,	Stargardt disease 140–1
19, 20	206	stereo Fly (Titmus) test 30–1
congenital hypertrophy	sarcoidosis 156, 157	stereoacuity, assessment 30–1
(CHRPE) 270	Scheie’s syndrome (MPS I)	strabismus
retinitis pigmentosa (RP)	92, 204, 206	albinism 214–15
149, 150	Schwalbe’s line 18	amblyopic 44
retinoblastoma 126, 162,	schwannoma 222, 223, 249	comitant (esodeviations)
259–64	sclera 17	52, 54–7
classification 261–2,	blue 202, 203	definitions 52
261	hydration 17	diagnosis 28–30, 52–3
clinical presentation 162,	trauma 278	incomitant 52, 58–60
244, 245	sclerocornea 87	infancy 53
diagnosis and management	scopolamine (hyoscine) 49	ocular tumors 245
162, 246, 261–4	scotoma 158–9	surgery 55, 60
disorders resembling	scintillating 237	strabismus syndromes 61–4
264	seasonal allergic conjunctivitis	Streptococcus pneumoniae 70,
genetic mutations/testing	(SAC) 78, 79	72
259	seborrheic blepharitis 189	Sturge–Weber syndrome 121,
metastasis 259	Senior–Loken syndrome 150	191, 230–1, 248, 249, 266
second cancers 260–1	septo-optic dysplasia (de	subconjunctival hemorrhage
‘trilateral’ 259–60	Morsier’s syndrome) 164	280
retinocerebellar	Seton implant 130	subretinal hemorrhage 285
hemangioblastomatosis	shaking injury 289	substantia propria 66
(von-Hippel–Lindau	shield ulcer 80–1	sulfacetamide sodium 72
syndrome) 226–8	sialidosis (ML I) 93	sulfisoxazole 72
retinochoroiditis,	sickle cell disease 208–9, 282	sulfonamides 72
toxoplasmosis 159	sickle cell trait 209	suprasellar tumors 170
retinopathy, ‘salt and pepper’	silver nitrate 83–4	sympathetic ophthalmia
216	Sjögren’s syndrome 183	160–1

320 Index


synechiae, posterior/anterior	trauma (continued)	visual behavior assessment 47,
154	sympathetic ophthalmia	108
syphilis, congenital 96	160–1	visual deprivation 45
systemic disease	travoprost 128	visual development 43–4, 111
associated with ptosis 187	tuberous sclerosis complex	visual evoked potential 32
glaucoma associated with	(TSC) 218–21	visual experience, abnormal
121	tumbling E test 24	45
retinal dystrophies 149–50	tumors	visual field deficits 170, 171,
see also metabolic disease	causing glaucoma 126	174, 195
and individual diseases	conjunctival 249–58	visual pathway abnormalities
	diagnostic approaches	210, 214
tarsal plates 186	245–6	vitamin A 41, 150
tarsorrhaphy 183	eyelids 190–1, 244, 245,	vitamin E 41
tarsus 12	246–9	vitelliform macular dystrophy
tearing, see epiphora	intracranial 58	type 2 (VMD2/Best’s
tears 13	intraocular 244	disease) 142–3
constituents 66	metastatic 259, 273	vitiligo 160, 161
decreased production 183	non-neoplastic lesions	vitrectomy 41, 109–10
drainage 13–14	simulating 250, 258	vitreous 144
telemedicine 41	orbit 222, 244, 245, 246,	vitreous hemorrhage 289
Tenon’s capsule (fascia bulbi)	271–3	Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada
66	tyrosinase 148	syndrome 160, 161
teratoma 271	tyrosinemia 95	von Recklinghausen’s
thermotherapy 263		syndrome, see
‘three step test’ 59	Usher syndrome 149	neurofibromatosis
thymectomy 242	uvea 18–19, 152	von-Hippel–Lindau syndrome
thyrotoxicosis 188	uveitis 152	(VHL) 226–8, 264
Titmus (stereo Fly) test	anterior 126, 155–7, 155
30–1	classification 154, 155	Walker–Warburg syndrome
tobramycin 72	clinical features 152–4	169
Togby’s (corneal shield)	glaucoma 126–7	wart, eyelid 192
ulcers 80–1	intermediate 155, 158	Welch Allyn SureSight™ 32
Tonopen 118	masquerade syndromes	Wilm’s tumor 106
TORCHS titer 108	155, 162	Wilson’s disease 105, 200
torticollis 214, 239	posterior 155, 158–61	Wyburn–Mason syndrome
toxicities, cataract formation		229, 265
107	valve of Hasner 14, 178, 179,
toxocariasis 159	181	xanthogranuloma, juvenile
toxoplasmosis 158–9	valve of Rosenbuller 14	257
trabeculectomy 130	vascular endothelial growth	xeroderma pigmentosum 190
trabeculitis 127	factor (VEGF) 33–4
trabeculotomy 120, 129–30	inhibitors 42
trachoma inclusion	Venereal Disease Research
conjunctivitis agent (TRIC)	Laboratory (VDRL) 108
84	vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Trantas 80, 81	(VKC) 77, 80–1
trauma	verruca vulgaris 192
causing cataracts 1–3, 102,	versions 29
106, 107, 284	verticilatta, corneal 94,
eyelid 192, 276–7	201
glaucoma 126	vestibulo-oculoreflex 241
intraocular 282–3	vision screening 31
ocular surface 280–1	visual acuity testing 23–7
optic nerve 286	amblyopia 46, 47–8
orbit 12, 192, 286–8	guidelines 23, 24–5
retina 284–5	visual axis 29

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