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Al Lens, COMT

Pro-lens Ophthalmic Services

Vancouver, BC

Series Editors:

Janice K. Ledford • Ken Daniels • Robert Campbell

ISBN-10: 1-55642-748-4

ISBN-13: 978-1-55642-748-0

Copyright © 2006 by SLACK Incorporated

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

The procedures and practices described in this book should be implemented in a manner consistent with the professional standards set for the circumstances that apply in each specific situation. Every effort has been made to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to correctly relate generally accepted practices. The author, editor, and publisher cannot accept responsibility for errors or exclusions or for the outcome of the application of the material presented herein. There is no expressed or implied warranty of this book or information imparted by it.

Care has been taken to ensure that drug selection and dosages are in accordance with currently accepted/recommended practice. Due to continuing research, changes in government policy and regulations, and various effects of drug reactions and interactions, it is recommended that the reader carefully review all materials and literature provided for each drug, especially those that are new or not frequently used.

The work SLACK Incorporated publishes is peer reviewed. Prior to publication, recognized leaders in the field, educators, and clinicians provide important feedback on the concepts and content that we publish. We welcome feedback on this work.

Printed in the United States of America.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lens, Al.

Optics, retinoscopy, and refractometry / Al Lens. -- 2nd ed. p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-55642-748-0 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-55642-748-4 (alk. paper)

1. Eye--Accommodation and refraction. 2. Retinoscopy. 3. Physiological optics. I. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Refractive Errors--diagnosis. 2. Optics. 3. Refracto- metry--methods. 4. Retinoscopy--methods. WW 300 L573o 2006] RE925.L46 2006

617.7'55--dc22

2005030167

Published by: SLACK Incorporated 6900 Grove Road Thorofare, NJ 08086 USA Telephone: 856-848-1000 Fax: 856-853-5991 www.slackbooks.com

Contact SLACK Incorporated for more information about other books in this field or about the availability of our books from distributors outside the United States.

For permission to reprint material in another publication, contact SLACK Incorporated. Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or academic use is granted by SLACK Incorporated provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center. Prior to photocopying items, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; phone: 978-750-8400; Web site: www.copyright.com; email: info@copyright.com.

Last digit is print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedication, Second Edition

This book is dedicated to my wife Sheila and daughters Bridgette and Meagan.

Dedication, First Edition

This book is dedicated to my beloved parents, Henry and Sheila.

 

 

Contents

Dedication

..........................................................................................................

iii

Acknowledgments...............................................................................................

vii

About the Author .................................................................................................

ix

The Study Icons...................................................................................................

xi

Chapter 1. ................................................................................................

Optics

1

Chapter 2. .....................................................................................

Retinoscopy

29

Chapter 3. .................................................................................

Refractometry

49

References ..........................................................................................................

 

71

Appendix A: .........................................................................The Metric System

75

Appendix B: ................................................................................Abbreviations

79

Appendix C: .......................................................................................Exercises

83

Index.................................................................................................................

 

127

Acknowledgments, Second Edition

My family continues to put up with my workaholic tendencies, and for that I am grateful. To all the ingenious people who find ways to improve on technology in the ophthalmic field, I truly admire you. There are too many to name, and I would not even know who many are, but I am glad these people exist so that we can take better care of our patients and help countless people see better than ever thought possible.

Acknowledgments, First Edition

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the people who have made a contribution to my ability to write this book. First, without the generosity of Dr. Howard Gimbel, I would not have had an opportunity to work in ophthalmology. Judy Gimbel encouraged me to write The Ophthalmic Assisting Guide, followed several years later by the second edition. I am indebted to my family—my wife, Sheila, and daughters, Bridgette and Meagan—who have been supportive during all the days and nights I have spent writing. And, of course, my appreciation to Jan Ledford, the editor of this wonderful series, who has been kindly critiquing my work.

About the Author

Al Lens began his ophthalmic career in 1986 at the Gimbel Eye Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. His keen interest in learning and teaching put him in the position of training ophthalmic assistants. After writing The Ophthalmic Assistant Guide, Al began lecturing across North America at various conferences. His teaching has taken him as far away as Saudi Arabia. He is author of LASIK for Technicians and coauthor of Ocular Anatomy and Physiology and Cataracts and Glaucoma. The latter 2 publications are part of The Basic Bookshelf for Eyecare Professionals Series.