List of Abbreviations

The following list contains the most common abbreviations used in this book.

Ab: antibody

ABK: aphakic bullous keratopathy AC: anterior chamber

AC/A: accommodative convergence/accommodation (ratio) ACAID: anterior chamber associated immune deviation ACG: angle-closure glaucoma

ACh: acetylcholine ACT: alternate cover test Ag: antigen

AIC: adult inclusion conjunctivitis

AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AION: anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AK: astigmatic keratotomy

AKC: atopic keratoconjunctivitis ALK: automated lamellar keratoplasty ALT: argon laser trabeculoplasty

AMD: age-related macular degeneration

AMPPE: acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy ANA: antinuclear antibodies

ANCA: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies APD: afferent pupillary defect

ARC: anomalous retinal correspondence ARN: acute retinal necrosis

ARPE: acute retinal pigment epitheliitis ATR: against-the-rule (astigmatism) AV: arteriovenous

AVM: arteriovenous malformation BARN: bilateral acute retinal necrosis BCC: basal cell carcinoma

BCVA: best corrected visual acuity

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xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BI: base-in (prism)

BLRR: bilateral lateral rectus recession BM: basement membrane

BMRR: bilateral medial rectus recession BO: base-out (prism)

BRAO: branch retinal artery occlusion BRVO: branch retinal vein occlusion BSCL: bandage soft contact lens BSS: balanced salt solution

CA: cancer

CACG: chronic angle-closure glaucoma CAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate CAR: cancer-associated retinopathy

CB: ciliary body

C:D: cup to disk (ratio)

CDCR: canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy CE: cataract extraction

CHRPE: congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium CIN: conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia

CIS: carcinoma in situ

CJDCR: conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy CL: contact lens

CLW: contact lens wear CME: cystoid macular edema CMV: cytomegalovirus

CN: cranial nerve

CNVM: choroidal neovascular membrane

CPEO: chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia CPF: capsulopalpebral fascia

CRA: central retinal artery

CRAO: central retinal artery occlusion CRVO: central retinal vein occlusion

CSM: central, steady, and maintained (visual acuity) CSME: clinically significant macular edema CSNB: congenital stationary night blindness

CT: cover test; computed tomography CVOS: Central Vein Occlusion Study CWS: cotton wool spot

CXR: chest x-ray D: diopter

DCG: dacryocystography DCR: dacryocystorhinostomy DD: disk diameters

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DDT: dye disappearance test DFE: dilated fundus exam DLK: diffuse lamellar keratitis DME: diabetic macular edema DR: diabetic retinopathy

DUSN: diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis DVD: dissociated vertical deviation

E: esophoria

EBMD: epithelial basement membrane dystrophy ECCE: extracapsular cataract extraction

EIC: epidermal inclusion cyst EKC: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EOG: electro-oculogram

EOM: extraocular muscles ERG: electroretinogram ERM: epiretinal membrane

ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate ET: esotropia

E(T): intermittent esotropia EVP: episcleral venous pressure FA: fluorescein angiogram FAZ: foveal avascular zone FBS: foreign body sensation

FEVR: familial exudative vitreoretinopathy F/F: fix-and-follow (visual acuity)

FGX: fluid–gas exchange FMG: focal macular grid

FTA-Abs: fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test FTWS: full-thickness wedge resection

5-FU: 5-fluorouracil

Fuchs’ HIC: Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis GAG: glycosaminoglycans

GARPE: geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium GCA: giant cell arteritis or temporal arteritis

GPC: giant papillary conjunctivitis gtt: drop

GVHD: graft versus host disease H: hyperphoria

H & E: hematoxylin and eosin (stain) HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy HE: hard exudate

Hgb: hemoglobin

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xviii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus HLA: human leukocyte antigen HOF: herniated orbital fat

HPMG: hard palate mucosal graft HPV: human papilloma virus HST: horseshoe tear

HSV: herpes simplex virus HT: hypertropia

HVF: Humphrey visual field HZV: herpes zoster virus

ICCE: intracapsular cataract extraction ICE: iridocorneal endothelial (syndrome) ICG: indocyanine green

ICSR: idiopathic central serous retinopathy Ig: immunoglobulin

IK: interstitial keratitis

ILM: internal limiting membrane INO: intranuclear ophthalmoplegia IO: inferior oblique (muscle) IOF: inferior orbital fissure IOFB: intraocular foreign body IOL: intraocular lens

ION: ischemic optic neuropathy IOO: inferior oblique overaction IOP: intraocular pressure

IPD: interpupillary distance IPE: iris pigment epithelium IR: inferior rectus (muscle)

IRMA: intraretinal microvascular abnormality ISS: inferior scleral show

JOAG: juvenile open-angle glaucoma JPA: juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma JRA: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis JXG: juvenile xanthogranuloma

K: keratometry

KC: keratoconjunctivitis KCS: keratoconjunctivitis sicca KP: keratic precipitates

LASEK: laser-assisted in situ epithelial keratomileusis LASIK: laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

LF: levator function

LGN: lateral geniculate nucleus LK: lamellar keratectomy

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LN: latent nystagmus

LP: light perception (visual acuity) LPI: laser peripheral iridotomy LR: lateral rectus (muscle)

LTS: lateral tarsal strip (procedure) Ma: microaneurysm

MCT: medial canthal tendon MEN: multiple endocrine neoplasia

MEWDS: multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome MG: myasthenia gravis

MGD: meibomian gland dysfunction

MHA-TP: microhemagglutination—Treponema pallidum MLF: medial longitudinal fasciculus

MMC: mitomycin C

MMP: matrix metalloproteinase MP: membrane peel

MPS: mucopolysaccharides MR: medial rectus (muscle)

MRA: magnetic resonance angiography MRI: magnetic resonance imaging MS: multiple sclerosis

MTMT: maximal tolerated medical therapy MVR: microvitreoretinal

NAION: nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy NAT: nonaccidental trauma

NBS: nystagmus blocking syndrome NF: neurofibromatosis

NFL: nerve fiber layer NLD: nasolacrimal duct

NLDO: nasolacrimal duct obstruction NLP: no light perception (visual acuity) NPC: near point of convergence

NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy NRC: normal retinal correspondence

NTG: normal tension glaucoma NV: neovascularization

NVA: neovascularization of the angle NVD: neovascularization of the disk NVE: neovascularization elsewhere NVG: neovascular glaucoma

NVI: neovascularization of the iris OA: ocular albinism

OAG: open-angle glaucoma

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xx LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

OCP: ocular cicatricial pemphigoid OCT: optical coherence tomography OD: right eye (L. oculus dexter) OHS: ocular histoplasmosis syndrome OHT: ocular hypertension

OKN: optokinetic nystagmus OIS: ocular ischemic syndrome ON: optic nerve

ONH: optic nerve hypoplasia

ONSD: optic nerve sheath decompression OPL: outer plexiform layer

OS: left eye (L. oculus sinister)

OU: both eyes

PACG: primary angle-closure glaucoma PAM: primary acquired melanosis PAS: peripheral anterior synechiae PBK: pseudophakic bullous keratopathy PC: posterior chamber

PCA: posterior communicating artery PCO: posterior capsule opacification pD: prism diopters

PD: pupillary distance

PDG: pigment dispersion glaucoma PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDS: pigment dispersion syndrome PDT: photodynamic therapy

PED: pigment epithelial detachment PEE: punctate epithelial erosions PEK: punctate epithelial keratitis PF: palpebral fissure

PFV: persistent fetal vasculature

PHPV: persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous PI: peripheral iridectomy

PIC: punctate inner choroidopathy PION: posterior ischemic optic neuropathy PIP: pseudoisochromatic plates

PK: penetrating keratoplasty PMB: papulomacular bundle PMMA: polymethylmethacrylate PO: by mouth, orally (L. per os)

POAG: primary open-angle glaucoma PPA: peripapillary atrophy

PPMD: posterior polymorphous membrane dystrophy

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PPRF: paramedian pontine reticular formation PRK: photorefractive keratectomy

prn: as circumstances may require (L. pro re nata) PRP: panretinal photocoagulation

PSC: posterior subcapsular (cataract) PTC: pseudotumor cerebri

PTK: phototherapeutic keratectomy PUK: peripheral ulcerative keratitis PVD: posterior vitreous detachment PVR: proliferative vitreoretinopathy PXG: pseudoexfoliative glaucoma PXS: pseudoexfoliation syndrome qd: every day

qid: four times a day RA: rheumatoid arthritis RB: retinoblastoma

RCE: recurrent corneal erosion RD: retinal detachment

RF: rheumatoid factor; radio frequency RGP: rigid gas-permeable contact lens RK: radial keratotomy

ROP: retinopathy of prematurity RP: retinitis pigmentosa

RPB: relative pupillary block RPE: retinal pigment epithelium

R & R: resect and recess (strabismus surgery) RRD: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment SAC: seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

SBP: scleral buckle procedure SC: sickle cell (disease)

SCC: squamous cell carcinoma SCL: soft contact lens

SEI: subepithelial infiltrate SiO: silicone oil

SJS: Stevens-Johnson syndrome SLD: staphylococcal lid disease

SLK: superior limbal keratoconjunctivitis SMAS: superficial musculoaponeurotic system SO: superior oblique (muscle)

SOAG: secondary open-angle glaucoma SOF: superior orbital fissure

SOO: superior oblique overaction SOOF: suborbicularis oculi fascia

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xxii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

SPCT: simultaneous prism cover test SPK: superficial punctate keratitis SR: superior rectus (muscle)

SRF: subretinal fluid SS: scleral spur

STK: sub-Tenon’s Kenalog

SVP: spontaneous venous pulsation TAB: temporal artery biopsy TBUT: tear break-up time

TIA: transient ischemic attack tid: three times a day

TID: transillumination defect TM: trabecular meshwork

TON: traumatic optic neuropathy TRD: tractional retinal detachment

TRIO: thyroid-related immune orbitopathy TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone

TTT: transpupillary thermotherapy TVO: transient visual obscurations

UGH: uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (syndrome) UV: ultraviolet (light)

VA: visual acuity

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research laboratory test VEGF: vascular endothelial cell growth factor VEP: visual evoked potential

VF: visual field

VH: vitreous hemorrhage VKC: vernal keratoconjunctivitis

VKH: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease VMT: vitreomacular traction

VOR: vestibulo-ocular reflex W4D: Worth four-dot test

WEBINO: wall-eyed bilateral intranuclear ophthalmoplegia WTR: with-the-rule (astigmatism)

WWP: white without pressure X: exophoria

XLD: X-linked dominant XLR: X-linked recessive XT: exotropia

X(T): intermittent exotropia

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