Index

A

Advantages of anti-reflection coating 90 Anti-fatigue lens 205

Anti-reflection coating of pretended lenses 91

Aspheric lens design 94

Aspheric versus spherical surface 96 Astigmatic lenses 33

Atoric lenses 207

B

Bifocal fitting 124 segment height 124 segment inset 124 segment width 124

Bifocal lenses 102 characteristics 112 types 103

cemented bifocal 107 Franklin bifocal 108 fused bifocal 103 solid bifocal 106

Bifocal segment shapes 108 D-shaped bifocal 109 E-style bifocal 110 round shaped bifocal 108

Bi-prism bifocals 121 Blue light hazards 82

C

Cataract lens design 99 Cemented bifocals 120

Checking lens power in aspheric lens 100

Chromatic aberration 55, 117 ocular chromatic aberration 56

clinical application 57 influencing factors 57

Coma 60 correction 61 ocular coma 61

Comparison between aspheric and spheric surface 93

Compounding prism 48 Conventional crown glass 67

absorption characteristics 67 Corrected curve theory 24

Current progressive lens design development 161

customized progressives 162 internal progressive 162 shorter corridor progressive 161

Curvature of field 61 correction 62

ocular curvature of field 62 Curvature of surfaces 4

Curve variation factor 17 Cylindrical lenses 33

D

Designing progressive addition lens 146 Detection of 31, 37, 53

cylindrical lens 31 prism in optical lens 37 spherical lens 52

Deviation produced by prism 43 Diopteric power of lenses 29 Dispensing progressive addition lenses

168

facial wrap 169 fitting height 172

frame front adjustment 168 monocular PD for distance 170 pantoscopic tilt 169

temple length 170 vertex distance 170

Distortion 62

barrel distortion 62 pincushion distortion 62

Dividing prism 44

E

Effect of radiant energy on ocular tissues 65

Effect of thickness on lens power 6

Electromagnetic spectrum 64 Enhanced near vision lens 206 Essilor’s PAL ID 153

Evolution of progressive addition lens 158

F

Factors affecting photochromatism 75 Field of clear vision 207

Filter lenses 67 Focal power 5 Fresnel prism 48

G

Generating progressive power surface 154

Glass material 8 colorants 9

crown 9

high-index glasses 10 photochromic glasses 10

oxides 9 refiners 9

H

Horizontal inclination 195

I

Ideal frame selection for progressive addition lens 166

shape of frames 166 size/depth of frame 167

Image jump 112 Interval of strum 36 Invisible bifocals 123

L

Laws of reflection 1 Laws of refraction 2 Lens aberrations 54 Lens materials 176 glasses 177

chemically toughened glasses 179

heat toughened glasses 178

laminated glasses 177 special heat toughened safety

lenses 180 plastics 180

cellulose acetate 181

CR39 180 polycarbonate 180

wire gauze 182

Limitation of conventional progressive addition lenses 151

compromised optics 152

differing magnification throughout lens 151

difficult to check with focimeters 152

no control over inset of near portion 152

restricted visual field 152

M

Magnification 119 Marginal astigmatism 58

ocular astigmatic aberration 59 clinical application 60 influencing factor 60

Measuring aspheric surface 96 Mechanical factors 20 Methods of lens tinting 71

integral tints 72

surface tinting/coating 73 dye tinting 74

mirror coating 73 Minus cylinder 19

Mirror coating in sports lens 203 Multilayer anti-reflection coating 88

N

Notation for cylinder lenses 34

O

Ophthalmic lens design 18

Optical description of progressive addition lens 141

contour plots 142 grid plot 145

isocylinder contour plots 143 isosphere contour plots 143

power progressive profile 141 rate of change plot 145

Optical factors 21 Orientation of axis 34

P

Photochromic lenses 74 Plano-cylindrical surface 37 Plus cylinder 19

Polaroid lenses 78 advantages 80 application 79

Postcataract aspheric lenses 98 Presbyopia and sports lens 204 Prescribing tints 81

contrast enhancement 81 driving factors 82

light sensitivity 81

luminous transmission factor 81 reading comfort and performance

82

reduced migraines 82

Principle of anti-reflection coating 85 Prism and lens decentration 51 Prism controlled bifocals 119

Prism controlled solid bifocal 122 Prism in aspheric lenses 97 Prism power 30

Prismatic effect 114 Prisms 41

characteristics 43 diopter 43 orientation 43 types 45

different prism at distance and near 47

differential prism at near 46 prescribed prism 46

prism by decentration 45 thinning prism 47

worked prism for decentration 46

uses of prism 47 diagnostic uses 47 therapeutic uses 48

Progressive addition lens designs 138 asymmetry and symmetry design

139

hard and soft design 140 monodesign and multidesign 139

Progressive addition lenses 129 advantages 133

comfortable intermediate vision 134

continuous field of clear vision 133

continuous perception of space 135

continuous support to eyes accommodation 134

no visible segments 133 optical design 136

length of progressive corridor 137

width of distance and near zone 137

Properties of ophthalmic lenses 12 abbe value 13

absorption 14 reflectance 13

mechanical properties 15 impact resistance 16 scratch resistance 17 specific gravity 15

optical properties 13

R

Reflection of light 84 backwards reflection 85 corneal reflection 85 frontal reflection 84 internal reflection 85

Regulations and standards relating to eye protection 186

Remarking progressive addition lenses 152

Resin photochromic lens 76 Resolving prism 48

Resin material 10

CR39 11 polycarbonate 11

trivex 11

S

Safety lenses 174 Sign convention 7

Single layer anti-reflection coating 87

Spherical aberration 57

ocular spherical aberration 58 clinical application 58 influencing factor 58

Spherical lens decentration 30 Split bifocal 120

Sports lenses 193 features 199

anti-mist coating 200 anti-reflection coating 200 aspheric 200

impact resistant material 199 scratch resistant hard coating

200

ultraviolet protection 200 water repellent 200

tins and colours 200 Surface tinting of lenses 191 Surface treatments 188

anti-fog coating 190 anti-mist coating 191 hard coating 188 hydrophobic coating 189

toughening glass lenses 196

T

Technology of anti-reflection coating 92 Testing procedure for safety lenses 182

chemical resistance 183 flammability 183

impact resistance 182 resistance to hot particles 183 surface hardness 183 thermostability 183

Thermoplastic 10

Thermosetting 10 Thin lens power 5

Tint options in photochromic lenses 76 Tinted lens 64

Tints vs. polarized lenses 80 Toric lenses 35

Toroidal surface 37 Types of lens housing 184

face shields 185 goggles 185 helmets 186 spectacle frames 184

U

Unequal segment sizes 120

V

Vergence 3

Verification of segment height 128 Vision print system 163

Z

Zeiss Hypal series of lenses 207