- •Foreword
- •Erratum
- •Preface
- •The Physical Examination of the Eye
- •The orbit
- •The external eye
- •The eyeball
- •The conjunctiva
- •Tenon’s capsule
- •The sclera and episclera
- •The cornea
- •The anterior chamber
- •The uvea
- •The iris
- •The ciliary body
- •The choroid
- •The lens
- •The retina
- •The vitreous
- •The extraocular muscles
- •The rectus muscles
- •The oblique muscles
- •Innervation of the eye
- •The optic nerve (II)
- •The oculomotor nerve (III)
- •The trochlear nerve (IV)
- •The trigeminal nerve (V)
- •The abducens nerve (VI)
- •The blood supply of the eye
- •Physical examination of the eye
- •Vision
- •External examination
- •Extraocular movements
- •Examination of the conjunctiva
- •Examination of the sclera and episclera
- •Examination of the uvea
- •Intraocular pressure
- •Examination of the cornea
- •Examination of the pupils
- •Examination of the anterior chamber
- •Ophthalmoscopy
- •Summary
- •References
- •Visual acuity testing
- •Slit lamp examination
- •Flourescein examination
- •Tonometry
- •Lid eversion
- •Foreign body removal
- •Contact lens removal
- •Eye irrigation
- •Paracentesis
- •Lateral canthotomy
- •Ocular ultrasonography
- •Summary
- •References
- •Conjunctivitis
- •Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- •Episcleritis
- •Scleritis
- •Uveitis
- •Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- •Summary
- •References
- •Conjunctivitis
- •Viral conjunctivitis
- •Bacterial conjunctivitis
- •Neonatal conjunctivitis
- •Episcleritis
- •Keratitis
- •Viral keratitis
- •Bacterial keratitis
- •Keratitis due to light exposure
- •Uveitis
- •Anterior uveitis
- •Intermediate uveitis
- •Posterior uveitis and retinitis
- •Hordeolum and chalazion
- •Dacryocystitis
- •Periorbital and orbital cellulitis
- •References
- •Acute Monocular Visual Loss
- •Temporal arteritis
- •Epidemiology
- •Etiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnosis and treatment
- •Optic neuritis
- •Epidemiology
- •Etiology
- •Clinical features and diagnosis
- •Treatment
- •Central retinal artery occlusion
- •Epidemiology
- •Etiology
- •Cardiogenic embolism
- •Other causes
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnosis and treatment
- •Central retinal vein occlusion
- •Epidemiology
- •Etiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnosis and treatment
- •Retinal detachment
- •Epidemiology
- •Etiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnosis and treatment
- •Retinal vasculitis
- •Epidemiology and etiology
- •Clinical characteristics
- •Diagnosis and treatment
- •Summary
- •References
- •Trauma to the Globe and Orbit
- •History and physical examination
- •Imaging techniques
- •CT scan
- •Ultrasound
- •Blunt trauma to the orbit
- •Periorbital tissues
- •Orbital fractures
- •Retrobulbar hemorrhage
- •Anterior chamber
- •Traumatic hyphema
- •Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- •Injury to the iris and ciliary body
- •Traumatic iridocyclitis (uveitis)
- •Traumatic mydriasis and miosis
- •Iridodialysis
- •Acute glaucoma
- •Injury to the lens
- •Subluxation and dislocation
- •Cataract formation
- •Globe injury
- •Globe rupture
- •Globe luxation
- •Posterior segment
- •Vitreous hemorrhage
- •Chorioretinal injury
- •Commotio retina
- •Penetrating ocular injury
- •Periorbital tissues
- •Conjunctival lacerations
- •Laceration of the eyelid
- •Globe injury
- •Corneoscleral laceration and puncture wounds
- •Intraocular foreign body
- •Orbital foreign body
- •Delayed complications
- •Endophthalmitis
- •Sympathetic ophthalmia
- •Burns
- •Acid and alkali exposure
- •Miscellaneous irritants, solvents, and detergents
- •Thermal burns
- •UV keratitis
- •Prevention
- •Acknowledgment
- •References
- •Chemical burns
- •Pathophysiology
- •Alkali injury
- •Acid injury
- •Cyanoacrylate exposure
- •Treatment
- •Thermal injuries
- •Radiation injuries
- •Treatment
- •Biologic exposures
- •Treatment
- •Disposition
- •References
- •Neuro-Ophthalmology
- •Neuroanatomy and neuro-ophthalmologic examination
- •The visual pathway
- •The cranial nerves
- •Neuro-ophthalmologic examination
- •Visual acuity
- •Funduscopic examination
- •Testing ocular motility
- •Pupillary disorders
- •Pupil size and reactivity
- •Anisocoria
- •Horner syndrome
- •Tonic (Adie) pupil
- •Pharmacotherapy and pupils
- •Traumatic optic neuropathy
- •Optic neuritis
- •Oculomotor nerve palsy
- •Extraocular movement disorders
- •Cranial nerve palsies and binocular diplopia
- •Cranial nerve III
- •Cranial nerve IV
- •Cranial nerve VI
- •Nystagmus
- •Peripheral nystagmus
- •Central nystagmus
- •Myasthenia gravis
- •Multiple sclerosis
- •Stroke syndromes and gaze palsies
- •Stroke syndromes and the visual system
- •Anterior cerebral artery
- •Internal carotid artery
- •Middle cerebral artery
- •Posterior cerebral artery
- •Basilar artery
- •Vertebal arteries
- •Gaze palsies/conjugate gaze deviation
- •Hemispheric lesions
- •Midbrain lesions
- •Pontine lesions
- •Summary
- •References
- •Visual development
- •The eye examination in a child
- •Examination of the newborn and young infant
- •Older infants and preverbal children
- •Verbal children
- •Conjunctivitis
- •Ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis)
- •Childhood conjunctivitis
- •Orbital and periorbital cellulitis
- •Lacrimal system infections
- •Congenital
- •Nasal lacrimal duct obstruction
- •Congenital cataracts
- •Congenital glaucoma
- •Misalignment
- •Oncology
- •References
- •The Painful Eye
- •Acute angle closure glaucoma
- •Scleritis
- •Anterior uveitis (iritis)
- •HLA-B27-associated uveitis
- •Other noninfectious etiologies
- •Infectious etiologies
- •Treatment of anterior uveitis
- •Optic neuritis
- •Keratitis
- •Noninfectious keratitis
- •Ulcerative keratitis
- •Infectious keratitis
- •Bacterial
- •Viral
- •Fungal
- •Amoebic
- •Corneal abrasion
- •References
- •Acquired syphilis
- •Varicella-zoster virus infection
- •Lyme disease
- •Reiter’s syndrome
- •Infectious endocarditis
- •Kawasaki’s disease
- •Temporal arteritis
- •Hypertension
- •Diabetes
- •Summary
- •References
- •Emergency ophthalmology consultation caveats
- •Emergency diagnoses requiring emergency ophthalmology consultation
- •Trauma
- •Endophthalmitis
- •Acute angle closure glaucoma
- •Severe uveitis
- •Corneal ulceration
- •Acute visual loss
- •Optic neuritis
- •Central retinal artery occlusion
- •Retinal detachment
- •Orbital cellulitis
- •References
CHEMICAL, THERMAL, AND BIOLOGICAL OCULAR EXPOSURES |
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in 24 to 48 hours. Second-degree burns of the eye merit at least a phone call to the on-call ophthalmologist, or referral for urgent ophthalmology consultation. Third-degree eye burns require ophthalmologic consultation and either hospital admission or early burn-center transfer. All those with biologic exposures should be referred for baseline and follow-up testing and management.
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