Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ophthalmic Ultrasound A Diagnostic Atlas 2nd edition_ DiBernardo, Greenberg_2006
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Ophthalmic Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas
Second Edition
Ophthalmic Ultrasound:
A Diagnostic Atlas
Second Edition
Cathy W. DiBernardo, R.N., R.D.M.S., R.O.U.B.
Associate Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
The Wilmer Eye Institute
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Ellen F. Greenberg, C.O.T., R.D.M.S., R.O.U.B.
Former Senior Echographer
Wilmer Eye Institute
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Private Practice
Owings Mills, Maryland
Thieme
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
DiBernardo, Cathy.
Ophthalmic ultrasound: a diagnostic atlas/Cathy W. DiBernardo, Ellen F. Greenberg.
—2nd ed. p.; cm.
ISBN 1-58890-503-9 (TMP : hardcover : alk. paper) —
ISBN 3-13-108632-7 (GTV : hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Eye—Ultrasonic imaging—Atlases. I. Greenberg, Ellen F.
II.DiBernardo, Cathy. Ophthalmic ultrasound. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Eye Diseases—ultrasonography—Atlases. 2. Eye
—ultrasonography—Atlases. WW 17 D544o 2006] |
|
RE79.U4D53 2006 |
|
617.7 1543—dc22 |
2006022037 |
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5 4 3 2 1
TMP ISBN 1-58890-503-9 1-978-58890-503-1
GTV ISBN 3-13-108632-7 1-978-3-13-108632-7
Dedication
We dedicate this book to our family members: Brooke Wesley, Nicholas DiBernardo, and Benjamin, Heather, and Robyn Greenberg. Their unending support, devotion, and willingness to give up precious time with us have enabled us to finish
this second edition in a timely fashion.
Cathy W. DiBernardo and Ellen F. Greenberg
It is also dedicated in loving memory to Timothy Murphy Kennard. You encouraged me to accept the challenge and even though you were not physically here for
its completion, I know your spirit has been here encouraging me throughout the process.
Cathy W. DiBernardo-Kennard
Contents
Foreword
Neil R. Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
1. Basic Screening Techniques and Indications for Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2. Anterior Segment Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3. The Vitreous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 4. The Retina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 5. The Choroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 6. Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 7. Intraocular Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 8. The Optic Nerve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 9. Extraocular Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 10. Evaluation of the Orbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 11. Additional Ocular Conditions and Biometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
vii
Foreword
We live and practice ophthalmology in an era of sophisticated imaging techniques: computed tomographic (CT) scanning and CT angiography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography, and digital subtraction angiography. All of these procedures can be helpful to the physician dealing with ocular and orbital disease, but none is more useful than ophthalmic ultrasound. Since this modality, pioneered by Karl Ossoinig at the University of Iowa, first appeared on the scene in the 1970s, improvements in technique have made it virtually indispensable to the ophthalmologist. It is the only method of determining the optimum intraocular lens power for a patient about to undergo cataract surgery, it provides an accurate representation of tissue status in patients with opaque media, and it is crucial in the investigation of patients with clinical evidence of orbital disease. In my opinion, it is the most sensitive test for thyroid eye disease, it can often provide a tissue-specific diagnosis of an orbital mass, and it can accurately assess the diameter of the optic nerve and provide evidence of whether enlargement of the nerve is caused by a solid process or surrounding fluid.
Having heaped these praises on the technique, it must be emphasized that the technique is extremely
operator dependent. One cannot evaluate the results of a B-scan (let alone an A-scan!) as one does a CT scan or MR image. The key is having a superb, experienced ultrasonographer. We at the Wilmer Eye Institute are fortunate to have such an individual. Cathy DiBernardo co-authored the first edition of this extraordinary atlas with Andrew Schachat and Sharon Fekrat, two of her colleagues from the Retina division of the Institute. Published in May 1998, that first edition provided physicians with an understanding of what ultrasonography had to offer them and their patients, and it provided both new and seasoned ultrasonographers with a potpourri of outstanding cases. Now, Cathy and her colleague, Ellen F. Greenberg, have written an equally outstanding second edition that not only showcases the major improvements in echographic techniques during the last eight years but also demonstrates even more clearly the ultrasonographic characteristics of lesions of the various components of the eye and orbit. Any physician who uses, or wishes to use, ultrasonography in his or her practice needs this atlas. As does any ultrasonographer who wants to learn more about the technical aspects of ultrasonography and needs a readily available compendium of the common and uncommon disorders that affect the eye and orbit.
Neil R. Miller, M.D.
Professor
Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
ix