Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Oculoplasty and Reconstructive Surgery Made Easy_Garg,Touky, Nasralla_2009

Epiblepharon 17, 46

Epicanthus 12, 49 Erbium laser skin

resurfacing 434 Euryblepharon 24, 49 Extraconal lesions of the

orbit 266 Extraocular muscles 260 Eyelid disorders 63 Eyelid injuries 119

anatomy review 120 examination 120

assessment of adnexal injuries 121

evaluation of the orbit 121

management anesthesia 122 canalicular

lacerations 126 levator muscle

dehiscence 126 lid margin repair 124 surgical tips 122

Eyelid malpositions 532 Eyelid retraction 532

Eyelid trauma in children 57

F

Fasanella Servat surgery 171 Fascia lata sling 181, 182 Foreign body in sulcus

subtarsalis 401 Fornix reconstruction etiology 486

symptoms and signs 486 treatment 486

lower fornix reconstruction 488

partial reconstruction 487

preoperative evaluation 487

Fraser syndrome 33 Frontalis lobe suspension 520 Frontalis muscle flap

advancement 197 anatomy of the

occipitofrontalis 201 complications 205 evaluation of the

patient 202 mechanism of lid

elevation 198 surgical technique 203

Frontalis sling 187

G

Gillis approach 373 Gifford’s sign 402 Goldenhar syndrome 7 Graves’ ophthalmopathy

thyrotoxicosis 402 Guided sling surgery 460

surgical technique 461

H

Hemangioma 277 Herbert’s pits 406, 407 Herpes zoster

ophthalmicus 408 Hordeolum 60, 89, 90 Hydatid cyst 327 Hydroxyapatite 332 Hypophthalmos 381

I

Ichthyosis 355 Inflammatory disorders 59 Intraconal lesions of the

orbit 277 Intraocular tumor 282

J

Jacob-Agarwal technique of frontalis suspension 460

K

KTP 532 nm laser 415

L

Lacrimal apparatus 437 Lacrimal dacryoscinti-

graphy 441

Lacrimal fossa tumors 270 Lacrimal injuries

evaluation 151 examination 152 history 151

proper lacrimal system 152 lacrimal sac and

nasolacrimal duct injuries 154

old traumatic lacrimal passage

injuries 156 wounds associated

with canalicular injuries 153

Lacrimo-auriculo-dento

Index 581

syndrome 508 Lagophthalmos 177, 187 Laser blepharoplasty 421

anesthesia 423 laser safety 421 lower lid laser

blepharoplasty 425 lower lid with skin-muscle

flap 428 postoperative

recovery 427 preoperative marking 422 upper lid laser

blepharoplasty 423 Laser in plastic surgery 412

advances in oculoplasty 414

avoiding postoperative complications 414

comparison of lasers 416 evidence of treatments 415 fundamental risks 414 types of lasers 413

word of caution 413 Lateral wall fractures 371 Lavatory recession 111 Le Fort fractures 375 Levator marginal

myotomy 110 Levator muscle 158 Levator resection 172 Levator surgery 175

Lid and orbital tumors 527 endoscopic

management 531 Shields classification 527

Lid colobomas 5

Lid lag 178, 187

Lid retraction 26, 108 differential diagnosis 109 etiology and

pathophysiology 108 grading 109 management 109 prognosis 118

Lithiasis 397

Lymphangioma 274, 307, 531 Lymphoma of the orbit 288 Lymphoproliferative disese of

the orbit 269

M

Magnetic resonance imaging 255, 264

Marcus Gunn ptosis 194 Margin crease distance 164 Margin reflex distance 161 Medial canthal ectopia 11 Medial orbital wall

fractures 367 Medical canthal area 236 Meibomian cyst 91 Melanoma 298

Meningioma 267, 279, 287 Merkel cell carcinoma 303 Microblepharon 9 Misdirected third nerve

ptosis 196 Mobius sign 402 Modified corrugated

implant 474

Modified Fasanella Servat surgery 169

Molluscum 103 contagiosum 60, 104

Monocanalicular stenting 510 Morker’s expandable balloon

implants 523 Mucocele 132 Mucor 320

Muir-Torre syndrome epidemiology 495 genetico-pathologico-

clinical classification Moreker-Kataria-Lala classification 498

presentations 498 genetics 496

duplication 497 immunohistopathologic

correlation 497 second hit theory 497

mortality 502 prognosis 503 recent advances 504 role of FNAC 499

sentinal node biopsy 499

treatment

neoadjuvant treatment radiotherapy 500 reconstruction 501

Muller muscle 158 Mullerectomy 111 Myositis 262

N

Nevi 53, 247

Nevus flammeus 54, 248 Nevus of Ota 54, 248 Nasolacrimal duct 471 Nasolacrimal dust

obstruction 131, 229

causes 131, 438 complications 139 conservative

management 238 balloon

dacryoplasty 243 criggler massage 238

dacryocystorhinostomy 244

endonasal DCR 245 inferior turbinate

infracture 242 silicone intubation 242

syringing and probing 239

developmental abnormalities 230

anatomy of excretory system 232

physiology 234 points to remember in

infants 234 punctal and

canalicular abnormalities 230

differential diagnosis 133 embryology of the lacrimal system 229

excretory system 230 secretory system 229

frequency 131 investigations 133, 236 management 236

congenital nasolacrimal obstruction 238

lacrimal sac abnormalities 237

punctal and canalicular abnormalities 236

Index 583

pathophysiology 131 presentation 132 treatment 133

Nasolarcrimal intubation 134 Naso-orbial fractures 367, 371 Nd: YAG laser 531 Neurogenic lesions of the

orbit 279

Newer generation orbital implants 332

alumina (Bioceramic) implant 333

dermis fat graft 333 expandable orbital implant 341 hydroxyapatite 332

polyethylene (Medpor) 333

Noonan syndrome 32

O

Occipitofrontalis 201 Oculodermal

melanocytosis 54, 248 Old standing orbital

trauma 380 Open reduction 374

Optic nerve glioma 280 Optic nerve sheath

meningioma 279 Optic neuritis 283 Optic neuropathy 350 Orbital abscess 315

Orbital blow-in fractures 378 Orbital bones 256

Orbital cellulitis 312, 389 causes 391

clinical features 390

complication 391 diagnosis 392 pathophysiology 389 treatment 392

Orbital contour deformity 380 Orbital foreign bodies 353 Orbital fracture 259

Orbital fractures in children 524

endoscopic fracture reduction 525

mesh implantation with tissue glue 525

Orbital fungal infection 320 Orbital hemorrhage 273 Orbital implantation in

children 521 autogenous dermi-fat graft

orbital implant 523 porous polyethylene

implant 522 primary orbital implants 522

size of implant 522 Orbital invasion of paranasal

sinus disease 271 Orbital neoplasms 286 Orbital roof fractures 377 Orbital trauma

anatomic considerations 342

evaluation 345 problems associated 348

carotid cavernous fistula 352

orbital foreign bodies 353

orbital fractures 356

orbital hemorrhages 348

septic cavernous sinus thrombosis 352 surgical emphysema

349 traumatic optic

neuropathy 350 radiological evaluation

347

Orbital tuberculosis 318 Orbital ultrasound 255 Orbital varices 310 Orbital varix 276 Ossifying fibroma 258 Osteoma 257

P

Palpebral aperture 160 Pfeiffer and Jackson Weis

syndrome 33 Pigmented lesions 53, 247 Pingueculae 217 Pleomorphic adenoma 270 Plexiform neurofibroma

56, 251

Portwine stain 54, 415, 248 Prader Willi syndrome 32 Preseptal cellulitis

causes 386

clinical features 387 definition 386 management 388 pathogenesis 387

Primary tumors of the orbit 288

Probing 508

Pseudopterygium 217 Pterygium 216

adjunctive therapy 222 5-fluorouracil 224 amniotic membrane

225

beta radiation 224 corticosteroids 223 interferon alpha-2b

223 mitomycin C 223 thiotepa 223

causes 217 clinical pearls 225

differential diagnosis 217 pathogenesis 218 pterygium surgery

bare sclera 219 conjunctival graft 220 rotational flap 220 simple closure 219 sliding flap 220

signs and symptoms 218 surgery complications 225

Ptosis 26, 51, 157, 512 amount 162

assessment in children 163 Bells’ phenomenon

165

corneal sensation 166 lliff test 164

margin crease distance 164

ocular motility 166 phenylephrine test 167 tensilon test 167

classification 159 clinical evaluation 160

Index 585

levator function Berke’s method 162 Putterman’s method

163

management of complicated ptosis blepharophimosis syndrome 190 double elevator palsy

190

ptosis with oculomotor abnormalities 190

ptosis with superior rectus weakness 190

ocular examination 160 margin reflex distance

161

palpebral aperture 161 visual acuity 160

surgery for bilateral ptosis 169

surgical approach 168 surgical techniques 169

Punctal agenesis 236 Pyocele 132

R

Rosacea and solar lentigines 416

Rubinstenin Taybi syndrome 33

S

Saethre-Chatzen syndrome 33 Schwannomas 287 Sebaceous gland carcinomas

495

Sentinel node biopsy 499 Septic cavernous sinus

thrombosis 352 Single stop incision 460 Skin-muscle resection 47 Special oculoplasty 448

plication of levator muscle of ptosis 451

anesthesia 452 postoperative

management 456 surgical technique 452

plication of orbicularis oculi for ptosis 448 bandaging the eye 451 exposure of the

orbicularis oculi muscle 448

managing the palpebral skin flap 451

plication of the orbicularis muscle 449

Sphenoid wing meningioma 267

Squamous cell carcinoma 290 Stellwag’s sign 402

Stickler 34 Strawberry (Capillary

hemangioma) 54, 248 Stye 59, 89

Synkinetic ptosis-oculomotor abducens 518

T

Tarsorrhaphy 110 Tearing 132 Telecanthus 50, 383 Thyroid eye disease 260 Trachoma 404

Transnasal wiring 191, 193, 369

Treacher Collins syndrome 34 Trichiasis 105

Tripod tripartite fractures 371 Trisomy 517

Types of implants 330 integrated 331 non-integrated 331

U

Ultrasound B scan 265 Ultrasound biomicroscopy 515

V

Vascular lesions of the orbit 277

Verruca vulgaris 102 Von Graefe’s sign 402

W

Waardenburg syndrome 33 WARG syndrome 517 Warts 102

White line of Arlt 406 Whitnall’s ligament 520

Y