Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Vargas ME, et al. Homonymous field defect as the first manifestation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;119:497â??504.Bibliographic Links

Spiral-Field Defects

1. *Hysteria

2. Radiation therapy in or about the retina, optic nerve, and anterior visual pathways

Fitzgerald CR, et al. Radiation therapy in and about the retina, optic nerve, and anterior visual pathway. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:611â??623.Bibliographic Links

Double Homonymous Hemianopia

This condition involves peripheral constriction with small vertical steps above and below fixation as a result of lesions of the occipital area and probable involvement of striate cortex of both occipital lobes.

1. Bilateral central retinal artery occlusion

2. Bilateral central retinal vein occlusion P.615

3. Bilateral vascular lesions involving a calcarine fissure

4. Increased intracranial pressure with shift of uncal portion of temporal lobe down over edge of tentorium with compression of posterior cerebral arteries and infarction in calcarine cortex.

5. Partial recovery from cortical blindness (see p. 632) from trauma, anoxia, carbon monoxide poisoning, cerebral angiography, cardiac arrest, exsanguination, and other similar conditions

6. Severe end-stage glaucoma

7. Severe trauma with massive brain damage as in depressed fracture of occiput

Harrington DO, Drake MV. The visual fields: text and atlas of clinical perimetry, 6th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1990.

D.Elongated globe

E.Paralysis of accommodation for distance (sympathetic paralysis)â??young patient with unilateral Homer syndrome or migraine

F.Retinopathy of prematurity (retrolental fibroplasia)

G.Congenital glaucoma

H.Albinism

I.Gyrate atrophy (ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase deficiency)

J.Hypoparathyroidism

K.Malaria

L.Inherited

1. Cochlear deafness with myopia and intellectual impairmentâ??autosomal recessive 2. Epiphyseal dysplasia of femoral heads, myopia, deafnessâ??autosomal recessive 3. Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, with myopia and conductive deafnessâ??autosomal

dominant

4. Microcornea and cataractâ??autosomal dominant

5. Microphthalmos with myopia and corectopiaâ??autosomal dominant 6. Myopiaâ??autosomal recessive or dominant or less often X-linked 7. Night blindness, congenital stationary with myopia

(nyctalopiaâ??myopia)â??X-linked

8. Night blindness with high-grade myopiaâ??autosomal recessive

9. Pinguecula blindness (total color blindness with myopia, achromatopsia with myopia)â??autosomal recessive

M. With scleral buckling surgery

3. Syndromes associated with myopia

A.Aberfeld syndrome (congenital blepharophimosis)

B.Achard syndrome (Marfan syndrome with mandibulofacial dysostosis)

C.Alport syndrome (hereditary familial congenital hemorrhagic nephritis)

D.Blochâ??Sulzberger syndrome

E.Chromosome partial deletion (long-arm) syndrome

F.Cohen syndrome

G.Cri-du-chat syndrome

H.de Lange syndrome (congenital muscular hypertrophy cerebral syndrome)

I.Down syndrome (trisomy syndrome)

J.Ehlersâ??Danlos syndrome (fibrodysplasia elastica generalisata)

K.Fetal alcohol syndrome

L.Forsiusâ??Eriksson syndrome (Aland disease)

M.Gansslen syndrome (familial hemolytic icterus)

N.Haneyâ??Falls syndrome (congenital keratoconus posticus circumscriptus)

O.Homocystinuria

P.Hypomelanosis of Ito syndrome

Q.Kartagener syndrome (sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus syndrome)

R.Kniest syndrome

S.Laurenceâ??Moonâ??Bardetâ??Biedl syndrome (retinitis pigmentosaâ??polydactylyâ??adiposogenital syndrome)

T.Marchesani syndrome (brachymorphy with spherophakia)

U.Marfan syndrome (arachnodactyly dystrophia mesodermalis congenita)

P.622

V. Marshall syndrome (atypical ectodermal dysplasia)

W. Matsoukas syndrome (oculocerebroarticuloskeletal syndrome)

X.Myasthenia gravis (Erbâ??Goldflam syndrome)

Y.Noonan syndrome (male Turner syndrome)

ZZ.Obesity-cerebral-ocular-skeletal anomalies syndrome AA. Oculodental syndrome (Peter syndrome)

BB.Pierre Robin syndrome (micrognathiaâ??glossoptosis syndrome)

CC.Pigmentary ocular dispersion syndrome

DD.Rubinsteinâ??Taybi syndrome (broad-thumbs syndrome)

EE.SED congenita (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, congenital type)â??autosomal dominant

FF.Scheie syndrome

GG.Schwartz syndrome (glaucoma associated with retinal detachment)

HH.Siemens syndrome (hereditary ectodermal dysplasia syndrome)â??autosomal recessive

II.Smithâ??Magenis syndrome

JJ.Stickler syndrome (hereditary progressive arthroophthalmopathy)â??autosomal dominant

KK. Trisomy 20p syndrome

LL.Trisomy syndrome

MM.Tuomaalaâ??Haapanen syndrome (unknown etiology, similar to pseudohypoparathyroidism)

NN.Van Bogaertâ??Hozoy syndrome (similar to Rubinsteinâ??Taybi syndrome)

OO.Wagner syndrome (hyaloideoretinal degeneration)

PP.Weillâ??Marchesani syndrome (brachymorphy with spherophakia)

QQ.Wrinkly-skin syndrome

RR.XXXXY syndrome (hypogenitalism, limited elbow pronation, low dermal finger tip ridge count)

4. Transient myopia

A.Chemical agents and disease

B.*Diabetes

C.*After surgery

D.Trauma

Chow DR, et al. Refractive changes associated with scleral buckling and division in retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:1446â??1450.Bibliographic Links

Finucane BM, Jaeger ER. Smith-Magenis syndrome. Ophthalmology 1997;104:732â??733.Bibliographic Links

Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

John ME. High hyperopia after radial keratotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 1993;19:446â??448.Bibliographic Links

Newell FW. Ophthalmology: principles and concepts, 8th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1992.

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Dysmegalopsiaâ??Optical Illusions of Size

1. Macropsia (objects appear larger)

A.*Miotics

B.*Spasm of accommodation (see p. 416â??417)

C.Use of excessive plus lenses

2. Metamorphopsia (objects appear distorted)

A. Cerebral

1. Drug intoxications

2. Epilepsy

3. Focal lesions such as thrombosis of right middle cerebral artery P.624

4. Migraine

5. Parietal lobe lesion, including tumor and vascular lesion 6. Schizophrenia

B.Hysteria

C.Ocular

1. Astigmatism

2. *Macular lesions, including orbital tumor with macular striae and macular edema, inflammation, heterotopia or hole

3. Posterior vitreous separation and residual vitreoretinal macular traction 4. Retinal detachment

D.Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

3. Micropsia (objects appear smaller)

A.Accommodative paralysis and subnormal accommodation

B.Atropinization

C.Botulism

D.Diphtheria

E.*Presbyopia

F.Use of excessive minus lenses

G.Use of scopolamine

4. Teleopsia (objects appear farther away than they actually are)

A.Bilateral parietal lesion

B.Parietal lesion in nondominant hemisphere

Pau H. Differential diagnosis of eye diseases, 2nd ed. New York: Thieme Medical, 1988.

Saito Y, et al. The visual performance and metamorphopsia of patients with macular holes. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:41â??44.Bibliographic Links

Walsh FB, Hoyt WF. Clinical neuro-ophthalmology, vol 1, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1985.

Bilateral Transient Loss of Vision (Transient Darkening of

Vision)

1. *Circulatory disturbances when bending over or straining (postural hypotension) 2. Essential hypotension

A.Arteriosclerosis

B.Chronic hypotension

C.*Fatigue

D.Hormonal disorders

E.Hunger

F.Vitamin deficiency

3. Fainting with vasomotor collapse

4. Heart failure

5. Transurethral resection of the prostate

Creel DJ, et al. Transient blindness associated with transurethral resection of the prostate. Arch Ophthalmol 1987;105:1537â??1539.Bibliographic Links

Levin LA, Moohta V. Postprandial transient visual loss. Ophthalmology 1997;104:397â??401.Bibliographic Links

Pau H. Differential diagnosis of eye diseases, 2nd ed. New York: Thieme Medical, 1988.

Amaurosis Fugax (Transient Monocular Blackout of Vision)

1. Amaurosis fugax syndrome P.625

2. Arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and hypertensive crisis

3. Canalis opticus syndrome: functionalâ??hysteria, neurasthenia

4. *Cerebrovascular insufficiency

A.Arterial aneurysms

B.Congenital or acquired arteriovenous malformations

C.Fibromuscular hyperplasia

D.Post-traumatic acute and chronic arterial occlusion

E.Takayasu syndrome (pulseless disease)

F.*Unilateral occlusive carotid disease

5. Compressive optic neuropathy

6. Corneal surface problems

7. Functionalâ??hysteria, neurasthenia

8. Hematologic causes

A.Emboli

1. Infective, such as subacute bacterial endocarditis

2. Gas in dysbarism

B.Idiopathic thrombocytosis

C.Multiple myeloma (Kahler disease)