Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

B.Poisons (inhalation, skin absorption, or ingestion): alcohol, arsenicals (inorganic, gaseous, or organic), carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chlorodinitrobenzene and dinitrobenzene, copper, dinitrotoluene, Lysol solution, mercury, methyl bromide, methyl alcohol, siderosis (exogenous: intraocular foreign body or endogenous: iron metabolism disorders), tobacco, toluene (methyl benzene), trichlorethylene, tricresil phosphate, venoms (e.g., bee sting), vinyl benzene (styrene)

C.Vaccines and toxoids: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (bCG) vaccination, diphtheria toxoid (absorbed), diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (absorbed), influenza virus vaccine, measles or mumps or rubella live vaccine, poliovirus vaccine, rabies immune globulin, rabies vaccine, smallpox vaccine, tetanus immune globulin (?), tetanus toxoid (?), bee and wasp sting.

3. Infection and inflammation

A.Bacterial 1. Anthrax

2. Botulism (toxin from clostridium botulinum)

3. Brucellosis (undulant fever)

4. Diphtheria

5. Endocarditis

6. Leptospirosis (Weil syndrome)

7. Lyme disease (borreliosis, relapsing fever)

8. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

9. Pertussis (whooping cough)

10. Streptococcus (scarlet fever)

11. Syphilis (acquired lues)

12. Tuberculosis

13. Typhoid fever (abdominal typhus)

B.Fungal

1. Candidiasis

2. Coccidioidomycosis

3. Mucormycosis

4. Torulosis (cryptococcus)

C.Viral

1. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

2. Bornholm disease (epidemic pleurodynia)

3. Chickenpox (varicella)

4. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

5. Equine encephalitis

6. Hepatitis A, B, C P.581

7. Infectious mononucleosis

8. Influenza

9. Measles (rubeola)

10. Mumps

11. Pappataci fever (sandfly fever)

12. Poliomyelitis

13. Smallpox

14. Yellow fever

D.Protozoan

1. Malaria

2. Toxoplasmosis

3. Trypanosomiasis

E.Rickettsia

1. Boutonneuse fever rickettsia (Marseilles fever)

2. Japanese river fever (typhus)

3. Q fever

4. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

F.Orbit

1. Herpes zoster

2. Infections of the gasserian ganglion

3. von Mikuliczâ??Radecki syndrome (dacryosialoadenopathy)

4. Rollet syndrome (orbital apex syndrome)

5. Tolosaâ??Hunt syndrome (painful ophthalmoplegia)

G.Helminth infestations 1. Acanthamoeba

2. Echinococcosis (hydatid cyst)

3. Onchocerciasis (river blindness)

4. Toxocariasis (nematode ophthalmia syndrome)

5. Trichinellosis

H.Spread from sphenoid and posterior ethmoidal sinuses

I.Postinfectious

1. Guillainâ??Barré syndrome (acute infectious neuritis)

2. Reye syndrome (acute encephalopathy syndrome)

3. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Dawson disease)

4. Vogtâ??Koyanagiâ??Harada syndrome (uveitisâ??vitiligoâ??alopeciaâ??poliosis syndrome)

4. Noninfectious arteritis, hypersensitivity vasculitis

A. Involving small vessels

1. Drugs

2. Henochâ??Schönlein

B.Involving small and medium-sized vessels 1. Polyarteritis nodosa (Kussmaul disease) 2. Necrotizing granulomatous arthritis

a.Sarcoidosis

b.Wegener granulomatosis (Wegener syndrome)

3. Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

4. Localized arteritis

a.Idiopathic

b.Polyarteritis nodosa

P.582

C.Involving large, medium and small vessels 1. Arteritis in collagen vascular disease

a.Behçet disease (oculobuccogenital syndrome)

b.Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS; scleroderma)

c.Rheumatoid arthritis

d.SLE

2. Giant cell (temporal) arteritis

3. Takayasu syndrome (aortic arch syndrome)

D.Idiopathic paroxysmal digital cyanosis (Raynaud disease)

E.Multiple myeloma (Kahler disease)

5. Others

A.Chorioretinitis

B.Cystic fibrosis syndrome

C.Hutchinsonâ??Gilfor (progeria) syndrome

D.Hysteria

E.McCuneâ??Albright syndrome (fibrous dysplasia)

F.Naegeli syndrome (melanophoric nevus)

G.Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

H.Parkinson syndrome (paralysis agitans)

I.Relapsing polychondritis

J.Stevensâ??Johnson syndrome (erythema multiforme exudativum)

K.Uveitis, including sympathetic ophthalmia

6. Systemic diseases

A.Endocrine

1. Diabetes mellitus

2. Hypoparathyroidism

3. Hyperthyroidism (Basedow syndrome)

4. Hyperthyroidism

5. Juvenile diabetesâ??dwarfismâ??obesity syndrome (Mauriac syndrome)

6. Lactation

7. Pregnancy

8. Puberty

9. Retinohypophysary syndrome (Lijo Paviaâ??Lis syndrome)

B.Nutritional diseases

1. Beriberi (vitamin B deficiency)

2. Carcinomatosis

3. Hyperemesis gravidarum

4. Pellagra (vitamin B deficiency)

C.Rheumatic disease, arthritis

1. Felty syndrome

2. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Still disease)

3. Polymyalgia rheumatica

4. Reiter syndrome (polyarthritis enterica)

5. Rheumatoid arthritis

D.Miscellaneous

1. Amyloidosis (Lubarschâ??Pick syndrome)

2. Chronic glomerulonephritis with secondary renal hypertension or pyelonephritis 3. Emphysema

P.583

4. Hepatic failure

5. Hypertension

6. Porphyria

7. Trauma

A.Mechanical

B.Radiation

1. Electromagnetic

a.High voltage/lighting

b.Microwave

c.Laser burn

d.X-ray

2. Radioactive source

a.a-ruthenium

b.b-betatron

c.g-cobalt

d.pisotope

7. Tumors

A.Craniopharyngioma

B.Hemangiopericytoma of optic nerve

C.Myeloproliferative diseases

1. Hodgkin disease

2. Leukemia

3. Lymphoma

D. Neuroblastoma

Beck RW, et al. Fellow eye abnormalities in acute unilateral optic neuritis. Ophthalmology 1993;100:691â??698.Bibliographic Links

Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects and drug interactions. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

Maltzman JS, et al. Optic neuropathy occurring after bee and wasp sting. Ophthalmology 2000;107:193â??195.Bibliographic Links

Straussberg R, et al. Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with encephalitis and optic neuritis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993;30:262â??263.Bibliographic Links

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P.585

P.586

P.587

Diagnostic tables

Blurred optic nerve heads

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