Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

19. Papilledema

A.Angioedema

B.Arteriovenous fistula

C.Acariasis

D.Bacterial endocarditis

E.Behçet syndrome (dermatostomatoophthalmic syndrome)

F.Brucellosis (Bang disease)

G.Chickenpox

H.Coccidioidomycosis

I.Cryptococcosis

J.Cysticercosis

K.Disseminated lupus erythematosus (Kaposiâ??Libmanâ??Sacks syndrome)

L.Histiocytosis X (Handâ??Schüllerâ??Christian syndrome)

M.Hodgkin disease (lymph node disease)

N.Hypervitaminosis D

O.Malaria

P.Moniliasisâ??idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (Addison disease)

Q.Mycosis fungoides syndrome (Sézary syndrome)

R.Papillophlebitis

S.Pappataci fever (sandfly fever)

T.Passow syndrome (status dysraphicus)

U.Periocular and ocular metastatic tumors

V.Progressive systemic sclerosis

W. Sarcoidosis syndrome (Schaumann syndrome)

X.Syphilis

Y.Trichinellosis

ZZ. Whipple disease (intestinal lipodystrophy) 20. Paralysis of extraocular muscle

A.African eyeworm disease

B.Arteriovenous fistula

C.Bacterial endocarditis

D.Brucellosis

E.Cerebral palsy

F.Chickenpox

G.Coccidioidomycosis

H.Cysticercosis

I.Disseminated lupus erythematosus

J.Electrical injury

K.Herpes simplex

L.Herpes zoster

M.Hodgkin disease (lymph node disease)

N.Hypothermal injury

O.Infectious mononucleosis

P.Influenza

P.549

Q.Kussmaul disease (periarteritis nodosa)

R.Lockjaw (tetanus)

S.Malaria

T.Measles (rubeola)

U.Meningococcemia

V.Multiple sclerosis

W. Mumps

X.Ocular vaccinia

Y.Passow syndrome (status dysraphicus)

ZZ.Periocular and ocular metastatic tumors

AA.Reiter syndrome (polyarthritis enterica)

BB.Relapsing fever

CC.Relapsing polychondritis

DD.Rocky Mountain spotted fever

EE.Streptococcus

FF.Syphilis (acquired lues)

GG.Trichinellosis

21. Perivenous sheathing

A.Acanthamoeba

B.Amebiasis

C.Boutonneuse fever (rickettsia, Marseilles fever)

D.Brucellosis (Bang disease)

E.Candidiasis

F.Coccidioidomycosis

G.Metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis

H.Metastatic fungal endophthalmitis

I.Multiple sclerosis

J.Myotonic dystrophy syndrome

K.Ocular vaccinia

L.Onchocerciasis syndrome

M.Plague

N.Postvaccinial ocular syndrome

O.Q fever

P.Sarcoidosis syndrome (Schaumann syndrome)

Q.Syphilis (acquired lues)

R.Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans syndrome)

S.Toxoplasmosis

T.Tuberculosis

U.Vaccinia

X.Psoriatic arthritis

Y.St. Anthony fire (erysipelas)

ZZ.Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis)

AA.Seborrheic dermatitis

BB.Sporotrichosis

CC.Staphylococcus

26. Stomatitis

A.Behçet syndrome (dermatostomatoophthalmic syndrome)

B.Disseminated systemic histoplasmosisâ??not the ocular form

C.Herpes simplex

D.Lewis syndrome (tuberoserpiginous syphilid of Lewis)

E.Reiter syndrome (polyarthritis enterica)

F.Regional enteritis

G.Ulcerative colitis

P.551

27. Tonsillitis

A. Whipple disease (intestinal lipodystrophy)

28. Trauma (nonpenetrating)

Friedman AH, et al. An atlas of uveitis: diagnosis and management. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1982.

Kraus M, et al. Uveitisâ??pathophysiology and therapy, 2nd ed. New York: Thieme, 1986.

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Schlaegel TF. Essentials of uveitis. Boston: Little, Brown, 1983.

P.552

Diagnostic table

1961.

Choroidal Neovascularization

Choroidal neovascularization comprises new vessel formation from choriocapillaris through a defect in the Bruch membrane as suggested by fluorescein angiography.

1. Choroidal neovascular ingrowth at the margin of the optic nerve head

A.Angioid streaks (see p. 526)

B.Hyaline bodies of optic nerve head

C.Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization

D.Macular drusen

E.Multiple evanescent white-dot and acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome

F.Optic-nerve coloboma

G.Peripapillary choroiditis

H.Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome

I.Pseudotumor cerebri (Symond syndrome)

J.Serpiginous choroiditis

2. Choroidal neovascular ingrowth through breaks in Bruch membrane in the macular area 3. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy

A.Angioid streaks (see p. 526)

B.Behçet syndrome (dermatostomatoophthalmic syndrome) or Best disease

C.Bird-shot retinochoroidopathy

D.Choroidal rupture

E.Choroidal tumors

F.Chronic uveitis

G.Foveomacular dystrophy

H.Fundus flavimaculatus

I.Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization

J.*Macular drusen

K.Morning glory syndrome

L.Myopic degeneration

P.554

M.Parafoveal telangiectasis

N.Photocoagulation of macular lesions with argon laser

O.Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome

P.Osteogenesis imperfecta (van der Hoeve syndrome)

Q.Retinitis pigmentosa

R.Rubella syndrome (Gregg syndrome)

S.Sarcoidosis syndrome (Schaumann syndrome)

T.Scars from previous deep macular hemorrhage

U.Senile disciform macular degeneration (Kuhntâ??Junius disease)

V.Serpiginous choroiditis

W. Sorsby fundus dystrophy

X.Tilted disc syndrome

Y.Toxocariasis

ZZ.Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis

AA.Trauma

BB.Vein occlusion

CC.Vogtâ??Koyanagiâ??Harada syndrome (uveitisâ??vitiligoâ??alopeciaâ??poliosis syndrome)

Callanan D, Gass JD. Multifocal choroiditis and choroidal neovascularization associated with the multiple evanescent white dot and acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome. Ophthalmology 1992;99:1678â??1685.Bibliographic Links

Dailey JR, et al. Peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane associated with an optic nerve coloboma. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:441â??442.Bibliographic Links

Feist RM, et al. Choroidal neovascularization in a patient with adult foveomacular dystrophy and a mutation in the retinal degeneration slow gene. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;118:259â??260.Bibliographic Links

Lewis H, et al. Macular translocation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: a prospective study. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;128:135â??146.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Shields JA, et al. Adenoma of the retinal pigment epithelium simulating a juxtapapillary choroidal neovascular membrane. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:289â??292.Bibliographic Links

Ischemic Infarcts of Choroid (Elschnig Spots)

When healed, these may show small, disseminated yellowish scars with central pigment deposits and may be associated with retinal separation when acute.

1. Chronic glomerulonephritis

2. Collagen disease, such as scleroderma

3. *Malignant hypertension

4. Toxemia of pregnancy

Klein BA. Ischemic infarcts of choroid (Elschnig spots). Am J Ophthalmol 1968;66:1069â??1074.

Venecia G, et al. The eye in accelerated hypertensionâ??Elschnig's spots in nonhuman primates. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:913.Bibliographic Links

Chorioretinal and Choriovitreal Neovascularization

This type of new vessel formation from choroid into the retina or vitreous usually occurs after photocoagulation or after any of the following:

1. Atrophic scars in the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome 2. Central serous chorioretinopathy

3. *Diabetes mellitus (Willis disease) P.555

4. Diseases of the retinal pigment epithelium

5. Eales disease (periphlebitis)

6. Leber syndrome (optic atrophyâ??amaurosis pituitary syndrome)

7. Sarcoidosis syndrome (Schaumann syndrome)

8. Sickle cell disease (Herrick syndrome)

Chandra SR, et al. Choroidovitreal neovascular ingrowth after photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:1593.Bibliographic Links

Dizon-Moore RV, et al. Chorioretinal and choriovitreal neovascularization. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:842.Bibliographic Links

Uveal Effusion

Uveal effusion involves leaking of fluid from the choriocapillaris into the choroid or subretinal space or both.

1. Hydrostatic

A.Dural arteriovenous fistula

B.*Hypotony, wound leak

C.Nanophthalmos

2. Idiopathic

3. Inflammatory

A. After panretinal photocoagulation

B.HIV

C.Scleritis, infected scleral buckle

D.Systemic lupus erythematosus

E.Trauma, intraocular surgery

F.Uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, Harada disease

Uyama M, et al. Uveal effusion syndrome. Ophthalmology 2000;107:441â??449.Bibliographic Links

Wisotsky BJ, et al. Angle closure glaucoma as an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1170â??1172.Bibliographic Links

Choroid Coloboma

1. Aicardi syndrome

2. Basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) 3. Cat-eye syndrome (partial G-trisomy)

4. CHARGE association among coloboma, heart anomaly, choanal atresia, retardation, genital and ear anomalies

5. Doubtful association

A.Crouzon syndrome (dysostosis craniofacialis)

B.Ellisâ??Van Crevald syndrome (chondroectodermal dysplasia)

C.Hallermanâ??Streiff syndrome (dyscephalic mandibulooculofacial)

D.Incontinentia pigmenti I (Blockâ??Sulzberger syndrome)

E.Kartagener syndrome (bronchiectasis-dextrocardia-sinusitis)

F.Laurenceâ??Moonâ??Bardetâ??Biedl syndrome (retinitis pigmentosaâ??polydactylâ??adiposogenital syndrome)

G.Pierre Robin syndrome (micrognathiaâ??glossoptosis syndrome)

H.Stickler syndrome (hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy)

I.Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville syndrome)

P.556

6. Goldenhar syndrome (oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia)

7. Goltz syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome)

8. Isolated, sporadic

9. Joubert syndrome with bilateral chorioretinal coloboma (coloboma, chorioretinal with cerebellar vermis aplasia)

10. Klinefelter syndrome (gynecomastia-aspermatogenesis syndrome)

11. Lenz microphthalmia syndrome

12. Linear sebaceous nevus syndrome

13. Median facial cleft syndrome

14. Meckel syndrome (dysencephalia splanchnocystic syndrome)