Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

O'Brien RJ, Schroedl BL. Talc retinopathy. Optom Vis Sci 1991;68:54â??57.Buy NowBibliographic Links

Tse DT, Ober RR. Talc retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1980;90:624â??640.Bibliographic Links

Crystalline Retinopathy

1. Bietti crystalline dystrophy (Bietti disease)

2. Chronic retinal detachment

3. Cystinosis (cystine storageâ??aminoaciduriaâ??dwarfism syndrome)

4. Gyrate atrophy with hyperornithemia (ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase deficiency) 5. Hyperoxaluria (oxalosis)

6. Nitrofurantoin therapy

7. Retinal pathology

8. Sjögrenâ??Larson syndrome (oligophrenia-ichthyosis-spastic diplegia syndrome) 9. *Talc emboli

10. *Tamoxifen retinopathy

Ahmed I, et al. Crystalline retinopathy associated with chronic retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:1449â??1454.Bibliographic Links

Ibanez HE, et al. Crystalline retinopathy associated with long-term nitrofurantoin therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:304â??305.Bibliographic Links

Willemsen MA, et al. Juvenile macular dystrophy associated with deficient activity of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:782â??789.Bibliographic Links

Pulfrich Stereo-Illusion Phenomenon

This condition involves central serous elevation of the macula with abnormal latency of the visual-evoked potential.

1. *Optic nerve diseaseâ??demyelinating optic neuropathy

2. Media opacity

3. Anisocoria

4. Macular disease

Greenberg HS. Visual-evoked responses. J Clin Neuro Ophthalmol 1981;1:273.Bibliographic

Links

Hofeldt AJ, et al. Pulfrich stereo-illusion phenomenon in serous sensory retinal detachment of the macula. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;100:576â??580.Bibliographic Links

Parafoveal Telangiectasia

This type of retinal microvascular anomaly involves the parafoveal capillary network as well as immediately adjacent vascular bed and is best demonstrated by fluorescein angiography.

1. *Carotid artery obstruction

2. *Diabetes mellitus usually bilateral

3. *Idiopathic

4. Localized form of Coats disease, usually unilateral

5. Small-branch venular occlusion P.524

6. Small retinal capillary hemangioma, usually unilateral

7. Roentgenogram, irradiation

Gass JD, Oyakawa T. Idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia. Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:769.Bibliographic Links

Millay RH, et al. Abnormal glucose metabolism and parafoveal telangiectasia. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;102:363â??370.Bibliographic Links

Hereditary Pediatric Retinal Degenerations

1. Acquired

A.Juvenile retinitis pigmentosa

B.Early onset retinitis pigmentosa

1. Autosomal dominant

2. Autosomal recessive

3. X-linked recessive

2. Congenital

A.Complicated Leber congenital amaurosis 1. Multiple neurologic abnormalities

2. Others

3. Saldinoâ??Mainzer syndrome

4. Seniorâ??Loken syndrome (tubulointerstitial nephropathy syndrome)

5. Zellweger syndrome (cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger)

B. Uncomplicated Leber congenital amaurosis

Foxman SG, et al. Classification of congenital and early onset retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 1985;103:1502â??1506.Bibliographic Links

Nickel B, Hoyt CS. Leber's congenital amaurosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:1089â??1092.Bibliographic Links

Reticular Pattern of Dark Lines in Fundus

1. Granular pigmentary pattern of the peripheral fundus

2. Multiple drusen of peripheral fundus

3. Reticular degeneration of the pigment epithelium (peripheral)

4. Reticular pattern dystrophy of posterior fundus (Sjögren reticular dystrophy, Mesker macroreticular dystrophy, pattern dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, Doyne honeycomb reticular degeneration)

5. Tapetochoroidal hypopigmentation

Gass JDM, et al. Drusen and disciform macular detachment and degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1973;90:206â??217.Bibliographic Links

Lewis H, et al. Reticular degeneration of the pigment epithelium. Ophthalmology 1985;92:1485â??1495.Bibliographic Links

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tears

This condition involves a flat, uniform, crescent-shaped area of exposed choroid of pigment epithelial elevation.

1. Acute retinal necrosis

2. *After laser photocoagulation

3. Along margin of retinal detachment

4. *Associated with pigment epithelial detachments

5. Spontaneous

6. Trauma

P.525

Fox GM, Blumenkranz M. Giant retinal pigment epithelial tears in acute retinal necrosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1993;116:302â??306.Bibliographic Links

Levin LA, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial tears associated with trauma. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;112:396â??400.Bibliographic Links

Schoeppner G, et al. The risk of fellow eye visual loss with unilateral retinal pigment epithelial tears. Am J Ophthalmol 1989;108:683â??685.Bibliographic Links

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Folds

1. Choroidal folds (see p. 530)

2. Pigment epithelial detachment

3. Retinal pigment epithelial tears (rips)

4. Retinal striae

5. *Subretinal neovascularization

Schatz H, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial folds associated with retinal pigment epithelial detachment in macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 1990;97:658â??665.Bibliographic Links

Schoeppner G, et al. The risk of fellow eye visual loss with unilateral retinal pigment epithelial tears. Am J Ophthalmol 1989;108:683â??685.Bibliographic Links

Mizuo Phenomenon

This condition involves a change of color of the fundus from red in the dark-adapted state to golden immediately or shortly after the onset of light.

1. Oguchi disease

2. X-liked juvenile retinoschisis

3. X-linked recessive cone dystrophy

de Jong PTV, et al. Mizuo phenomenon in X-linked retinoschisis. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:1104â??1108.Bibliographic Links

Mizuo GA. A new discovery in dark adaptation in Oguchi's disease. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1913;17:1148â??1150.

Usui T, et al. Mizuo phenomenon observed by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in a patient with Oguchi disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:359â??361.Bibliographic Links

White-Dot Fovea

This is a ring-like lesion in the macula with numerous confluent white dots arranged in a ring around the foveal margin.

1. Crystalline retinopathies

2. Epiretinal membrane with pseudohole

3. Gunn dots

4. Macular halo syndrome

5. Macular hole

6. Niemannâ??Pick disease

7. Vitreomacular fraction syndrome

16

Choroid

Angioid Streaks

Angioid streaks are ruptures of Bruch membrane characterized ophthalmoscopically by brownish lines surrounding the disc and radiating toward the periphery.

1. AC hemoglobinopathy

2. Acanthocytosis (abetalipoproteinemia, Bassenâ??Kornzweeg syndrome)

3. Acromegaly

4. Acquired hemolytic anemia

5. Beta thalassemia minor

6. Calcinosis

7. Chronic congenital idiopathic hyperphosphatasemia

8. Chronic familial hyperphosphatemia

9. Cardiovascular disease with hypertension

10. Cooley anemia

11. Diffuse lipomatosis P.527

12. Dwarfism

13. Epilepsy

14. Facial angiomatosis

15. Fibrodysplasia hyperelastica (Ehlersâ??Danlos syndrome)

16. François dyscephalic syndrome (Hallermannâ??Streiff syndrome)

17. Hemochromatosis

18. Hereditary spherocytosis

19. Hypercalcinosis

20. Idiopathic thrombocytic purpura

21. Lead poisoning

22. Myopia

23. Neurofibromatosis

24. Ocular melanocytosis

25. Optic disc drusen

26. Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)

27. Pituitary tumor

28. Previous choroidal detachment

29. *Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Grönbladâ??Strandberg syndrome)

30. Senile (actinic) elastosis of the skin

31. Sickle cell disease (Herrick syndrome)

32. Sturgeâ??Weber syndrome

33. Trauma

34. Tuberous sclerosis

35. Thrombocytopenic purpura

Aessopos A, et al. Angioid streaks in sickle-thalassemia. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;117:589â??592.Bibliographic Links

Mansour AM. Is there an association between optic disc drusen and angioid streaks?

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1992;230:595â??596.

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

P.528

P.529

Diagnostic table

Angioid streaks (rupture of bruch membrane with brownish lines around disc and radiating toward periphery)

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P.530

Choroidal Folds

Choroidal folds are folds of the posterior pole, at the level of the choroid, with Hruby lens and pattern of alternating light lines on fluorescein angiography.

1. Choroidal tumor, such as a melanoma

2. Disciform degeneration

3. Exophthalmos

4. Graves disease (Basedow syndrome)

5. High hyperopia

6. Idiopathicâ??no underlying pathologic state

7. Infection of paranasal sinuses

8. Long-standing orbital inflammation

9. Massive cranioorbital hemangiopericytoma 10. *Ocular hypotony (see p. 325)

11. Orbital mass

12. Papilledema (see p. 593)

13. Posteriorly located choroidal detachment

14. Postoperative condition, such as scleral buckle

15. Primary retinal detachment

16. Subretinal neovascularization

17. Uveitis

Griebel SR, Kosmorsky GS. Choroidal folds associated with increased intracranial pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:513â??516.Bibliographic Links

Leventer DB. Frontoethmoidal mucoceles causing bilateral chorioretinal folds. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:922.Bibliographic Links

Shields JA, et al. Clinicopathologic correlation of choroidal folds: secondary to massive cranioorbital hemangiopericytoma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;8:62â??68.Buy NowBibliographic Links

Lesions Confused with Malignant Melanoma

1. Ciliary body and choroid

A.Angioid streaks (see p. 526)

B.Choroiditis

C.Coats disease

D.Detachment

E.Leukemia and lymphoma

F.Limited choroidal hemorrhage

G.Lymphoid hyperplasia

H.Nodular hyperplasia

I.Sclerouveitis

J.Tumors

1. Hemangioma

2. Melanocytoma

3. Meningioma

4. Metastatic carcinoma, including lung

5. Neurilemmoma

6. Neurofibroma

7. Neuroendocrine tumor

8. Nevus