Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002

P.482

P.483

Mets MB, Del Monte M. Hemorrhagic retinopathy following uncomplicated pediatric cataract extraction. Arch Ophthalmol 1986;104:975.Bibliographic Links

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Diagnostic table

Retinal hemorrhage with central white spot

View PDF

Microaneurysms of Retina (Punctate Red Spots Scattered Over Region of Posterior Pole)

1. Aging

2. Aplastic anemiaâ??punctate hemorrhage

3. Associated with cotton-wool spots (see p. 491)

4. Bonnetâ??Dechaumeâ??Blanc syndrome (cerebroretinal arteriovenous aneurysm syndrome)

5. Choroiditis

6. Chronic uveitis

7. Coats disease (retinal telangiectasia)

8. *Diabetes mellitus

9. Disseminated lupus erythematosus (Kaposiâ??Libmanâ??Sacks syndrome)

10. Eales disease (periphlebitis)

11. Fabry disease (diffuse angiokeratosis)

12. *Hypertension

13. Hypotensive retinopathy, such as pulseless disease (aortic arch syndrome) 14. Kahler disease (myelomatosis)

15. Leukemiasâ??punctate hemorrhages

16. Loa loa infection

17. Macroglobulinemia (Waldenström syndrome)

18. Mauriac syndrome (juvenile diabetesâ??dwarfismâ??obesity syndrome)

19. Ocular ischemic syndrome (carotid occlusive disease)

20. Osler hemorrhagic telangiectasia (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis)

21. Pelizaeusâ??Merzbacher syndrome (aplasia axialis extracorticalis congenita)

22. Reimann syndrome (hyperviscosity syndrome)

23. *Retinoblastoma

24. Sickle cell hemoglobin C disease

25. Skin divers

26. Subacute bacterial endocarditis

27. Venous occlusionâ??occlusion of central retinal vein or one of its branches (see p. 468)

Polkinghorne PJ, et al. Ocular fundus lesions in divers. Lancet 1988;Dec:1381â??1383.

Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Sanders RJ, et al. Foveal avascular zone diameter and sickle cell disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:812â??816.Bibliographic Links

Yu T, et al. Epidemiology and biostatistics. Arch Opthalmol 116:83â??89.

P.484

P.485

Diagnostic table

Microaneurysms of Retina

View PDF

P.486

Retinal Arteriovenous Shunt at the Arteriovenous Crossing

1. Diabetic retinopathy

2. Leber's miliary aneurysm

3. Retinal vein occlusion

4. Takayasu disease

Tanaka T, et al. Retinal arteriovenous shunt at the arteriovenous crossing. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1251â??1258.Bibliographic Links

Tanaka T, Shimizu K. Retinal arteriovenous shunts in Takayasu disease. Ophthalmology 1987;94:1380â??1388.Bibliographic Links

Macroaneurysms of Retinal Arteries

These macroaneurysms are found within the first three orders of bifurcation of arterioles; they are frequently associated with localized hemorrhage and exudation.

1. Congenital

2. *Generalized arteriosclerosis

3. *Hypertension

4. Idiopathic

5. Following open heart surgery

Kuhn F. Retinal emboli after open heart surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:317.Bibliographic Links

Robertson DM. Macroaneurysm of the retinal arteries. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1973;77:55â??67.

Schatz H. Essential fluorescein angiography: a compendium of classical cases. San Anselmo, CA: Pacific Press, 1982.

Retinal Neovascularization (Growth of Abnormal New Blood Vessels into the Vitreous)

1. Anemia

2. Behçet syndrome (dermatostomatoophthalmic syndrome) 3. *Central retinal vein occlusion (see p. 468)

4. *Diabetes mellitus

5. Eales disease (periphlebitis)

6. Ehlersâ??Danlos syndrome (fibrodysplasia elastica generalisata)

7. Hypertension (malignant and essential)

8. Leukemia

9. Lupus erythematosus

10. Macroglobulinemia (Waldenström syndrome)

11. Retinal detachment with hemorrhage

12. *Sickle cell disease

implantation cysts and tumors of the anterior uvea. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1942â??1946.Bibliographic Links

Retinal Detachment (Location and Morphologic

Classification)

1. Equator

A.Myopic typeâ??equatorial horseshoe tear

B.Equatorial type associated with lattice degeneration

2. Ora serrata

A.Aphakic, with multiple small breaks often in nasal periphery

B.Dialysis in young, lower temporal quadrant, often bilateral

C.Giant dialysis, often bilateral

3. Posterior pole

A.Macular breaks, rare

B.Other breaks at posterior pole, from cellular proliferation in inner retinal surface

Benson WE. Retinal detachment: diagnosis and management, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1988.

Bhagat N, et al. Exudative retinal detachment in relapsing polychondritis. Ophthalmology 2000;108:1156â??1159.Bibliographic Links

Folk JC, Burton TC. Bilateral phakic retinal detachment. Ophthalmology 1982;89:815.Bibliographic Links

Syndromes and Diseases Associated with Retinal Detachment

1. Exudative

A.Systemic disease

1. Abdominal typhus

2. Aspergillosis

3. Atopic dermatitis

4. Blood diseases

a.Dysproteinemias P.488

b.Leukemia

c.Sickle cell disease

5. Boutonneuse fever (rickettsia)

6. Candidiasis

7. Coenurosis

8. Cryoglobulinemia

9. Cryptococcosis

10. Cysticercosis

11. Disseminated intravascular coagulation

12. Extreme venous congestion, such as occurs during choking 13. Goldsheider syndrome (epidermolysis bullosa)

14. Goodpasture syndrome (chronic relapsing pulmonary hemosiderosis)

15. Grönbladâ??Strandberg syndrome (systemic elastodystrophy)

16. Histiocytosis X (Handâ??Schüllerâ??Christian syndrome)

17. Homocystinuria syndrome

18. Hurler syndrome (MPS I-H)

19. Hydatid cyst

20. Hypertensionâ??grade IV

21. Krause syndrome (congenital encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia)

22. *Lupus erythematosus

23. Lymphoma

24. Polyarteritis nodosa (Kussmaul disease)

25. Reese syndrome (D trisomy)

26. Regional enteritis

27. Relapsing polychondritis

28. Renal disease, including chronic glomerulonephritis or uremia

29. Rheumatoid arthritis

30. Rheumatic fever

31. Rift Valley fever

32. Sturgeâ??Weber syndrome (meningocutaneous syndrome)

33. Syphilis

34. Temporal arteritis syndrome (cranial arteritis syndrome)

35. Toxemia of pregnancy

36. Vogtâ??Koyanagiâ??Harada syndrome

B.Ocular disease

1. Acute retinal necrosis

2. Choroidal or retinal tumor

a.Hemangioma

b.Melanoma

c.Metastasisâ??including that from breast, lung, and stomach

d.Retinoblastoma

3. Colobomas of the optic nerve

4. Dominant myopia and retinal detachment

5. Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy

6. Harada disease and Vogtâ??Koyanagi syndrome

7. Lymphoid hyperplasia of the uveal tract

8. Morning-glory syndrome (hereditary central glial anomaly of the optic disk)

E.Traction

A.*Pull of adherent and degenerated vitreous

B.Organized vitreous band

1. After vitreous hemorrhage

a.Spontaneous

b.Traumatic

2. Hypertensive retinopathy

3. Posthemorrhagic proliferative retinopathy

4. Sickle cell retinopathy

C.Postneovascularization of vitreous P.490

1. *Diabetic retinopathy, proliferative

2. Eales disease (periphlebitis)

3. Ehlersâ??Danlos syndrome (fibrodysplasia elastica-generalisata)

4. Fibrinoid syndrome

5. *Retinopathy of prematurity

6. Severe uveitis

D.Congenital deformities, such as retinal dysplasia, coloboma, persistence of fetal vascular system, and pit of optic nerve

E.18Q syndrome

F.Penetrating injury

G.*Proliferative vitreoretinopathy

H.Puckering syndrome

I.Retinal disinsertion syndrome

J.Retinopathy of prematurity

K.Warburg syndrome F. Rhegmatogenous

A.Accommodation spasm, including strong miotics

B.Alport syndrome (neuropathy and deafness)

C.Apert syndrome (acrocephalosyndactylism syndrome)

D.Equatorial or anterior choroiditis