Ординатура / Офтальмология / Английские материалы / Ocular Differential Diagnosis 7th edition_Roy_2002
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1. Development defects (colobomas)
2. Drugs, including the following:
allopurinol (?) |
clonidine (?) |
iodochlorhydroxyquin |
amodiaquine |
griseofulvin (?) |
iodoquinol |
broxyquinoline |
hydroxychloroquine |
quinine |
chloroquine |
ibuprofen (?) |
thioridazine |
chlorpromazine |
indomethacin (?) |
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3. Infectious entities |
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A.Herpes simplex
B.*Cytomegalic retinitis
C.Candidiasis and nocardiosis
D.T. canis (visceral larva migrans syndrome)
E.Congenital syphilis
F.*Tuberculosis
G.*Ocular histoplasmosis
H.Congenital toxoplasmosis
4. Intrauterine inflammations
5. Noninfectious entities
A.Best disease
B.Stargardt disease
C.*Exudative age-related macular degeneration
6. Presumed inflammatory origin
Bronstein MA, et al. Bilateral macular lesions. Ann Ophthalmol 1981;13:859â??861.
Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.
Pseudomacular Edema
1. Exudative senile maculopathyâ??serous or hemorrhagic detachment of the macular retina in persons 50 years of age or older, including â??giant cyst of maculaâ?
2. |
Serous detachment of retinal pigment epithelium |
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Central serous retinopathy caused by drugs, including the following: |
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adrenal cortex injection |
fludrocortisone |
paramethasone |
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adrenal cortex injection |
ergot |
methylprednisolone |
aldosterone |
estradiol |
metisazone |
allopurinol (?) |
ethambutol |
naproxen |
aluminum nicotinate |
ethopropazine |
niacin |
amithiozone |
ethoxzolamide |
niacinamide |
amodiaquine |
etidocaine |
nicotinic acid |
aspirin |
fluphenazine |
nicotinyl alcohol |
bendroflumethiazide |
fluprednisolone |
paramethasone |
benoxinate |
fludrocortisone |
perazine |
benzthiazide |
ganciclovir |
periciazine |
betamethasone |
griseofulvin |
perphenazine |
betaxolol |
hexamethonium |
phenacaine |
broxyquinoline |
hyaluronidase |
phenylephrine (?) |
bupivacaine |
hydrochlorothiazide |
piperacetazine |
butacaine |
hydrocortisone |
polythiazide |
butaperazine |
hydroflumethiazide |
prednisolone |
carbromal |
hydroxychloroquine |
prednisone |
carphenazine |
ibuprofen |
prilocaine |
chloramphenicol |
indapamide |
procaine |
chloroquine |
indomethacin (?) |
prochlorperazine |
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chlorothiazide |
iodide and iodine solutions |
promazine |
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and compounds |
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chlorpromazine |
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promethazine |
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chymotrypsin (?) |
iodochlorhydroxyquin |
proparacaine |
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cobalt (?) |
iodoquinol |
propiomazine |
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cortisone |
iothalamate |
propoxycaine |
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cyclothiazide |
iothalamic acid |
quinethazone |
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desoxycorticosterone |
latanoprost |
quinine |
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dexamethasone |
levobunolol (?) |
radioactive iodides |
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dibucaine |
lidocaine |
sodium salicylate |
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dichlorphenamide |
meglumine and sodium |
sulindac |
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diethazine |
meprednisone |
tamoxifen |
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diiodohydroxyquin |
mesoridazine |
tetracaine |
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dipivefrin |
methazolamide |
thiethylperazine |
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dipivalyl epinephrine |
methdilazine |
thiopropazate |
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(DPE) |
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thioproperazine |
triamcinolone |
triflupromazine |
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thioridazine |
trichlormethiazide |
trimeprazine (?) |
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thiothalidomine |
trichloroethylene |
zidovudine |
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timolol |
trifluoperazine |
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P.441 |
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14. Electrical injuries to the retina |
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15. Epikeratophakia complication |
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16. Fabry disease (ceramide trihexoside lipidosis)
17. Felty syndrome (rheumatoid arthritis with hypersplenism)
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.
Miyake K, et al. Latanoprost accelerates disruption of the bloodâ??aqueous barrier and the incidence of angiographic cystoid macular edema in early postoperative pseudophakias. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:34â??40.Bibliographic Links
Moroi SE, et al. Cystoid macular edema associated with latanoprost therapy in a case series for patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1024â??1029.Bibliographic Links
Pinckers A, et al. Colour vision in retinitis pigmentosa: influence of cystoid macular edema. Int Ophthalmol 1993;17:143â??146.Bibliographic Links
Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Williams, 2002.
Warwar RE. Cystoid macular edema and anterior uveitis associated with latanoprost use. Opthalmology 1998;105:263â??266.
Absence of Foveal Reflex
The absence of foveal reflex is caused by drugs, including amodiaquine, chloroquine, diiodohydroxyquin, hydroxychloroquine, iodochlorhydroxyquin, or quinine.
Fraunfelder FT, Fraunfelder FW. Drug-induced ocular side effects. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.
Macular Pucker
Macular pucker involves tiny folds that often are arranged in a stellate manner around macula and usually are associated with a preretinal membrane (preretinal macular fibrosis, preretinal vitreous membrane, surface wrinkling retinopathy, cellophane maculopathy).
1. Associated with proliferative retinopathy
A.*Diabetes retinopathy
B.Eales disease
C.*Hypertension
D.Sickle cell disease
E.Vein occlusion
2. Central serous chorioretinopathy
A.Psychopharmacologic medication use
B.Corticosteroid use
C.Hypertension
3. Congenital
4. Following photocoagulation or cryoretinopexy
5. Following traumatic posterior vitreous separation, such as blunt trauma to the eye and whiplash injury (craniocervical syndrome)
6. Loss of formed vitreous at operation
7. Idiopathic (probably related to spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment) 8. Macular detachment
9. Multiple retinal operations
10. Penetrating or blunt injuries
11. Posterior uveitis
12. *Proliferative vitreoretinopathy following vitreoretinal surgery
13. Retinal detachment
14. Trauma (blunt)
15. Vitreous hemorrhage
McDonald HR, et al. Surgical management of idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Ophthalmology 1986;93:978â??983.Bibliographic Links
Smiddy WE, et al. Clinicopathologic study of idiopathic macular pucker in children and young adults. Retina 1992;12:232â??236.Buy NowBibliographic Links
P.443
Tittl MK, et al. Systemic findings associated with central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;128:63â??68.Bibliographic Links
Uemura A, et al. Macular pucker after retinal detachment surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1992;23:116â??119.
Macular Exudates and Hemorrhages
1. Retinal macroaneurysms
2. Hemorrhagic age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)
3. Diabetic macular edema
4. Retinal telangiectasis
5. With dense subretinal and subretinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE [retinal pigment epithelium]) hemorrhage simulate the appearance of retinal macroaneurysms.
Stellate retinopathy (exudates in a star formation radiating around the macula in the nerve fiber layer)
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P.446
Retinociliary Veinâ??Disappears from the Retina at Disc Margin Without Connection to Central Retinal Vein
1. Acquired
A.Arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve
B.Central retinal vein occlusion (see p. 468)
C.Chronic atrophic papilledema from causes including craniopharyngioma (see p. 595â??597)
D.Glioma of the optic disc
2. Congenital
Wolter JJ. Retinociliary vein associated with a craniopharyngioma. Ann Ophthalmol 1979;11:751.Bibliographic Links
Cherry-Red Spot in Macula (Rule Out Macular Hemorrhage)
1. Cardiac myxomas
2. Cryoglobulinemia
3. Dapsone poisoning
4. Hallervordenâ??Spatz disease (pigmentary degeneration of globus pallidus)
5. Hollenhorst syndrome (chorioretinal infarction syndrome)
6. Hurler syndrome (MPS I-H)
7. *Hypertension (severe)
8. Intralesional chalazion corticosteroid injection
9. Leber congenital amaurosis
10. Macular hemorrhage
11. *Macular hole with surrounding retinal detachment
12. ML I (lipomucopolysaccharidosis)
13. Myotonic dystrophy syndrome (Curschmannâ??Steinert syndrome)
14. Multiple sulfatase deficiency
15. *Occlusion of central retinal artery (see p. 457) 16. Quinine toxicity
17. Sphingolipidoses
A.Cherry-red spot myoclonus
B.Farber syndrome (Farber lipogranulomatosis)
C.Gangliosidosis GM1â??type (juvenile gangliosidosis)
D.Gaucher disease (glucocerebroside storage disease)
E.Goldberg syndrome
F.Infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy (van Bogaertâ??Nyssen disease)
G.Niemannâ??Pick disease type A
H.Niemannâ??Pick disease type B
I.Sandhoff disease (gangliosidosis GM2â??type 2)
J.*Tayâ??Sachs disease (gangliosidosis GMâ??type I)
18. Steroid injection intranasally
19. *Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
20. Traumatic retinal edema (commotio retinae; Berlin edema)
21. Vogtâ??Spielmeyer cerebral degeneration (Battenâ??Mayou syndrome)
Abhayambika K, et al. Peripheral neuropathy and haemolytic anaemia with cherry red spot on macula in dapsone poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India
1990;38:564â??565.Bibliographic Links
Reed JB, et al. Bartonella henselae neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease. Ophthalmology 1998;105:459â??466.Bibliographic Links
Roy FH. Ocular syndromes and systemic diseases, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
P.447
Wade NK, et al. Optic disk edema associated with peripapillary serous retinal detachment: an early sign of systemic Bartonella henselae infection. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:327â??334.Bibliographic Links
Macular Hemorrhage
1. Choroidal neovascular membranes
A.*Age-related macular degeneration
B.Angioid streaks
C.Histoplasmosis
D.Idiopathic
E.Pathologic myopic
F.Posterior uveitis
2. Infectious retinitis